Nkesa isiokwu |
Mgbanwe isiokwu – countermovement, inversion (Latin inversion, Italian moto contrario, rovescio, Riverso, rivoltato, French mgbanwe, German anwụ Umkehrung, die Gegenbewegung) – polyphonic. Usoro maka ịgbanwe isiokwu, nke gụnyere igwu egwu oge ya n'akụkụ nke ọzọ site na ụda na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe: mmegharị elu nke isiokwu ya na isi ya (n'ihu) mmegharị (lat. motus rectus) na ntụgharị ntụgharị (lat. motus). contrarius) kwekọrọ na ịkwaga n'otu oge (ma ọzọ). Ụda na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-ahụkarị na isiokwu dị na isi na ntụgharị ntụgharị ka a na-akpọ axis nke ntụgharị; na ụkpụrụ, ọ bụla ogbo nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ya. N'ime usoro ụda nke isi-obere, iji chekwaa myirịta ọrụ nke nhọrọ abụọ ahụ, ogo nke atọ na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka axis nke mgbasa; n'ụdị siri ike (narị afọ 14-16) ya na diatonic ya. A na-emekarị ntughari frets n'akụkụ atọ nke triad dị ntakịrị, nke na-eme ka otu ọnọdụ nke ụda tritone dị:
JS Bach. Art nke Fugue, Counterpoint XIII.
Palestrina. Mass Canonical, Benedictus.
Na gburugburu na chroma. O. mmegharị nke t. A na-eme ya n'ụzọ na, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, a na-echekwa uru qualitative nke etiti oge - nke a na-eme ka myirịta dị ukwuu na nkwupụta nke ntụgharị ntụgharị na kpọmkwem:
JS Bach. Clavier dị mma nke ọma, Mpịakọta 1, Fugue fis-moll.
Teknụzụ mfe na nka. Ịdị irè nke imelite isiokwu site na mgbasa ozi kpebisiri ike iji usoro a na-emekarị na dịgasị iche iche, karịsịa na ọrụ monothematic. Enwere ụdị fugue dị iche iche nwere azịza ntụgharị (German Gegen-Fuge - lee JS Bach, The Art of the Fugue, No 5, 6, 7) na akwụkwọ ikike nwere rispost tụgharịrị (WA Mozart, c-moll quintet, nkeji); A na-eji mkpesa ahụ na ntinye nke fugue (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. 1, fugue na c-moll); isiokwu na-ekesa nwere ike inye stretta nwere isiokwu na-emegharị anya (Mozart, fugue na g-moll, K.-V. 401); Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-adakọ ọnụ (Mozart, fugue c-moll, K.-V., 426). Ọtụtụ mgbe nnukwu akụkụ nke ihe mejupụtara na-adabere na O. t. (Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier; vol. 1, fugue G-dur, counter-exposition; 2nd part of the gigue) na ọbụna ụdị dum (Bach, The Art of Fugue, No 12, 13; RK Shchedrin, Polyphonic Notebook , Mba 7, 9). Nchikota nke O. t. na ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke mgbanwe bụ ebe nile na music nke 20th narị afọ. (P. Hindemith, "Ludus tonalis", cf. prelude na postlude), karịsịa, e dere site na iji usoro usoro (JF Stravinsky, "Agon", Simple branle). Dị ka ụzọ nke mgbanwe na mmepe, a na-eji mkpesa na-abụghị polyphonic. egwu (SS Prokofiev, "Juliet-girl" sitere na ballet "Romeo na Juliet"), na-ejikọta ya na isiokwu na mmegharị kpọmkwem (PI Tchaikovsky, 6th symphony, akụkụ 2, vol. 17-24; SS Prokofiev, 4th sonata). , akụkụ 2, mpịakọta 25-28).
References: Zolotarev VA, Fuga. Ntuziaka maka ọmụmụ ihe bara uru, M., 1932, 1965, ngalaba 13, Skrebkov SS, Polyphonic analysis, M. - L., 1940, ngalaba 1, § 4; nke ya, Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke polyphony, akụkụ 1-2, M. - L., 1951, M., 1965, § 11; Taneev SI, Mkpịsị aka nke ederede siri ike, M., 1959, p. 7-14; Bogatyrev SS, Ntụgharị atụgharị, M., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Muller TF, Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke polyphony, M., 1961, 1969, § 44; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony dị ka ihe kpatara ịkpụzi, L., 1962, ch. 3; Yu. N. Tyulin, Nkà nke Counterpoint, M., 1964, ch. 3.
VP Frayonov
