Obodo egwu |

Obodo egwu - mkpakọrịta nke prof. ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị hụrụ egwu egwu, na-achọ ịgbasa egwu ahụ. omenala, mgbasa ozi na ọmụmụ nke otd. ụdị egwu egwu . Enwere mba na mba O.m.; ha na-ekewa n'ime ịrụ (choral, orchestral, ụlọ), nkà mmụta sayensị na izi, e nwekwara ihe okike (na-ede, musicological). Mmalite nke O. m., dị ka otu n'ime ụdị nke ọha egwu. ihe omume, laghachiri na ngwụcha Middle Ages ma jikọtara ya na egwu ndị dị n'oge ahụ. ụlọ akwụkwọ; emesia O.m. natara onwe ya. mmepe. Ihe atụ ha bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ malitere na narị afọ nke 16. na Italy ma tinye aka na Ch. arr. arụmọrụ nke egwu site n'aka ndị òtù ha. Ụdị yiri nke O. m., nke a na-akpọ. Collegium Musicum pụtara na Germany na obodo ndị ọzọ. Uto ugwu. omenala egwu na narị afọ nke 18, mmepe nke ọha na eze. conc. ndụ nyere aka n'ichepụta ụdị nhazi ọhụrụ nke mmemme egwu na mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nke bụ isi egwu (nke a na-akpọ philharmonic.) muses. ob-in na mus.-eme. mkpakọrịta: na England - Academy of Early Music (1710), na Austria - Viennese Society of Musicians (1771); Society of Concerts nke Paris Conservatory (1792), wdg.

Na mmalite. Na narị afọ nke 19 na Germany, Austria, Switzerland, ndị di bụ ndị nkịtị. ukwe. ob-va - Liedertafel (nke mbụ na Berlin, 1809), mechara hụ n'anya. ukwe. ob-va ("Orpheon") pụtara na France (nke mbụ na 1835). O. m si n'ala nke abụọ nwetara nkesa sara mbara. Narị afọ 2 N'ime ihe kachasị mkpa: German General. music union (tọrọ ntọala na 19 site F. Brendel, L. Keller, na ndị ọzọ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ iji hazie kwa afọ egwú ememme emere n'obodo dị iche iche nke Germany), National Musical Society (Paris, 1859), Society of Peoples. abụ (London, 1871), wdg N'ihe gbasara mmasị na-abawanye na ọrụ nke ngalaba ahụ. ndị isi na-agụ egwú na ịkwalite ngwaahịa ha. (arụmọrụ, mbipụta nke nchịkọta ọrụ zuru oke, ntọhapụ nke akwụkwọ ndị a na-akpọ nwa oge, wdg) nwere ihe pụrụ iche. O. m .: Bachovskoe (Leipzig, 1898), Handel (Hamburg, 1850), G. Purcell (London, 1856), Universal Wagner (Bayreuth, 1876), wdg Site na mmepe nke nyocha. ọrụ na ngalaba nke musicology na-ahaziri musicologists. banyere-va, na-ebipụta sayensị. magazin, nchịkọta, akwụkwọ akụkọ. Nke mbụ n’ime ha bụ Society of Music. nnyocha, ọ bụ isi na 1883 na Germany site F. Kommer na R. Eitner (dị adị ruo 1868); bipụtara akwụkwọ sayensị kwa ọnwa. nchịkọta: "Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte" (1906-1869).

Na Russia, O.m. malitere ịpụta na nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 18. na mbụ a na-akpọ klọb - nke mbụ na St. Petersburg na 1772 (lee " Music Club"). Nnukwu O.m., onye jikọrọ prof. ndị na-egwu egwu (ndị egwu egwu), bụ ndị isi. na 1802 St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Na 1840, Symphony Society bilitere na St. Petersburg, na 1850 kwa, Concert Society, bụ́ nke kwalitere egwú oge gboo. egwu. N'afọ 1859, a haziri òtù egwú egwú Russia kasị ukwuu (nke mesịrị meghere alaka n'ọtụtụ obodo), nzube ya bụ mmepe nke prof. music mmụta na Russia. Nke a banyere-na durukwa usoro. conc. ọrụ na St. Petersburg, Moscow na obodo ndị ọzọ ebe alaka ya dị. Na Moscow na 1874, Society of Rus. dram. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na ndị na-ede opera iji chebe ọdịmma ihe onwunwe nke ndị òtù ya (na 1877, ndị na-ede egwú PI Tchaikovsky, AG Rubinshtein, MP Mussorgsky, wdg) na 1878 - Moscow Philharmonic Society. N'etiti ndị ọzọ Russian. prerevolutionary O.m.: St. Petersburg Society of Chamber Music, St. Petersburg. egwu-ihe nkiri. a okirikiri nke amateurs (tọrọ ntọala na 1883), nke haziri kwa afọ opera arụmọrụ (na nke mbụ na St. Petersburg, ha rụrụ post. Opera "Eugene Onegin", 1877), St. Petersburg. Nzukọ nke Society of Music (nke tọrọ ntọala na 1884, iji mara ndị òtù ọha na eze mmepụta egwu na akwụkwọ egwu egwu; ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Izvestia ..., lee akwụkwọ akụkọ Musical), St. Petersburg. Society of Music nkụzi na ndị ọzọ muses. ọnụ ọgụgụ (1890-1899; n'okpuru ya e nwere ụlọ ọrụ intermediary music, otu ukwe, strings na wok quartets), Ụka. chanter Uru. ọha mmadụ (tọrọ ntọala na St. Petersburg na 1908 na ụzọ nke ukwe eduzi AA Arkhangelsky; kwa afọ ndokwa concerts nke dị nsọ music), Moscow Liedertafel, Moscow. Society of Lovers of Orchestral, Chamber na Vocal Music (tọrọ ntọala na 1902 site eduzi A. Litvinov), Circle nke Russian Music hụrụ (Moscow, 1895-1896), House of Song (Moscow, 1912-1908), Musical Theoretical Library "((Moscow, 18-1908). Moscow, XNUMX-XNUMX). Egwu egwu dịkwa n'ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ (lee kwa Anyasị nke egwu oge a, ihe ngosi egwu).

Mgbe Oct. mgbanwe nke 1917 obodo e kere. òtù egwú: Association of Contemporary Music (Leningrad, Moscow), Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians; Association of revolutionaries composers na music Figures (ORKIMD; 1925-32), All-Ukrainian Society aha ya. ND Leontovich (1921-28), All-Ukrainian Association of Revolutionaries. ndị na-agụ egwú (1928-32). N'afọ 1931-35, e nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. egwu Ụlọ ọrụ bụ otu ndị ọrụ na ndị na-eme mgbanwe. òtù egwu nke Austria, Germany, USA, USSR, France, Japan, ndị na-arụ ọrụ na Intern. mkpakọrịta nke revolutionaries. t-ra (MORT) wee bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ "Egwu Mba Nile" (ebe ọ bụ na 1933). Na 1939 na Moscow, isi. Union of Composers nke USSR - ihe okike. mkpakọrịta nke ikwiikwii composers na musicologists, na 1957 - All-Russian Choir. banyere-na, wdg; ukwe. A na-emepụta banyere-va na Ukraine, na Belarus, Armenia na mba ndị ọzọ. Enwere otu ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na mba ndị ọzọ, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. intl. O.m., nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ Intern. music Society (1899-1914) - otu òtù nke musicologists, nke nwere a nat. ngalaba n'ọtụtụ mba (enwere ọgbakọ ọgbakọ, akụkọ e bipụtara, akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị e bipụtara). N'ime O.m . dị ugbu a: International Society for Contemporary Music, International Society for Musicology, Intern. otu egwu egwu. ọba akwụkwọ, International Society of Music Education, International Council of people music, etc. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị otu International Music Council na UNESCO.

IM Yampolsky