Ụlọ |

ital. nchekwube, French. na Bekee. atụmanya, nje. Antizipation, Vorausnahme

Ụda ụda na-adịghị mma (na-adịkarị mkpụmkpụ, na njedebe ikpeazụ dị mfe), nke a gbaziri site na eriri na-esote (n'akụkụ a, P. bụ, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, enyo na-emegide njide a kwadebere, nke a gbaziri site na eriri gara aga). Abbr. aha na ihe atụ egwu bụ im. P. nwere ike ịghọta dị ka mkpebi dị elu (mgbanwe) nke otu n'ime ụda n'ime ụda kwekọrọ na ụda nke ọdịnihu (ya mere, ha anaghị ekwu maka "mkpebi" nke P.). P. na-abụkarị monophonic, ma ọ pụkwara ịbụ polyphonic (okpukpu abụọ, okpukpu atọ P.), ọbụnadị n'olu niile n'otu oge (chord P.; ya na ya enweghi ụda ụda nke ụda na ụda na-abụghị ụda).

Ụdị pụrụ iche bụ ịwụ P.; Ọtụtụ cambiata (nke a na-akpọ "fuchsian cambiata") na-amali elu P.

A na-ahụ preforms na Middle Ages. monody (lee mmalite nke usoro "Sanctus Spiritus" na akụkọ Notker), yana na polyphony ochie, mana ntozu oke nke chord-harmonic. akwụkwọ ozi na ihe isi ike nke notation adịghị ekwe ka anyị na-ekwu banyere P. dị ka ihe zuru ezu kpụrụ phenomen tupu Renaissance (lee G. de Machaux, 14 ballad "Je ne cuit pas" - "Ọ dịghị onye Cupid ga-enye otú ahụ. ọtụtụ ngọzi”, Ogwe 1-2; mebiekwa cadence na 8th ballad “De desconfort”). N'oge Josquin Despres, P. nwere ọdịdị. Site na narị afọ nke 16 P., a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma ugbua kpamkpam crystallized usoro nke polyphonic. melodics (nso Palestrina). Site na narị afọ nke 17 (karịsịa site na ọkara nke abụọ.) P. na-enweta àgwà ọhụrụ dị iche iche ọ bụghị nanị na ụda contrapuntal, kamakwa na ụda dum (echiche nke oge a nke P.). Na narị afọ nke 2 P. na-ejikarị dị ka ụda n'akụkụ iji mebie nkwekọrịta ahụ, vetikal (SS Prokofiev, "Romeo na Juliet", "Montagues na Capulets", kwubiri cadence).

N'usoro iwu, Kr. kpuchiri ihe P. Bernhard (nwa akwụkwọ G. Schutz; n'etiti narị afọ nke 17). N'isi nke 23 ("Von der Anticipatione Notae"), ya Op. A na-ewere "Tractatus compositionis augmentatus" P. (n'okpuru aha "atụmanya") dị ka "nọmba" nke na-achọ egwu egwu:

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ "Von der Sing-Kunst oder Manier", Bernhard na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti "ụkpụrụ nke ndetu" (Anticipatione della nota; lee ihe atụ dị n'elu) na "okwu mmalite nke syllable" (Anticipatione della sillaba; lee ihe atụ dị n'okpuru ebe a. ).

JG Walter (mmalite nke narị afọ nke 18) na-atụlekwa P. n'etiti "ọnụọgụ". Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke “mbilite n’ọnụ okwu” sitere n’akwụkwọ ya “Praecepta…” (a na-ekwughachi okwu ahụ “Psallam” na ọkara nke abụọ nke ụlọ mmanya nke mbụ):

Site na mmepe nke echiche ọhụrụ nke nkwekọ (malite na narị afọ nke 18), piano banyere n'ìgwè nke ụda na-abụghị ụda.

References: hụ na Art. ụda na-abụghị ụdọ.

Yu. N. Kholopov