Preduvanie |

Preduvanie - usoro nke iwepụta ụda dị elu dị iche iche na muses ifufe. ngwa na-enweghị enyemaka nke oghere oghere, valvụ ma ọ bụ ikuku. N'ihe eji ekwu okwu ọla kọpa P. - osn. ụkpụrụ nke mmịpụta ụda, maka ndị osisi - a na-eji mgbe ị na-ewepụta ụda na 2nd na 3rd octaves nke ha. Na P., onye na-egwu egwu, na-enweghị ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke mkpịsị aka, na-abawanye ike nke ume iku ume na esemokwu nke egbugbere ọnụ, n'ihi nke a na-ekewa kọlụm nke ikuku na-ekpuchi na ọwa gbọmgbọm n'ime ndị nweere onwe ha. akụkụ ndị na-ada ụda dị elu karịa isi. ụda nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ, nke kwekọrọ na nzọụkwụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ okike: otu kọlụm nke ikuku, kewara n'ime 2 halves, na-enye ụda eke 2nd (octave sitere na isi ụda); 3 ụzọ atọ - 3rd eke ụda (otu octave gbakwunyere a ise si na isi ụda); na nkeji nke anọ - ụda eke 4th (4 octaves site na isi ụda). A na-eji nkewa ọzọ nke kọlụm ikuku na ikuku osisi na-adịkarị obere, na brass site n'enyemaka nke P. ha ruru ụda eke 2th. Mgbe P. na clarinet, n'ihi peculiarities nke imewe ya (cylindrical channel), ọ bụghị 16nd, ma 2rd eke ụda na-ebilite, ya bụ, ọ bụghị ihe octave, ma a duodecime (nke a na-akpọ ise P.). Na oboes, clarinets, bassoon, e nwere ndị pụrụ iche. Valve "octave" na-enyere P.

S. Ya. Levin