Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Enwere m mmasị na nkà ya dị ka onye nkụzi na onye na-ede egwú, ana m ewere ya dị ka onye nwere ọgụgụ isi dị elu na ịdị ọcha ime mmụọ. S. Gubaidulina

Ọrụ ọhụrụ ọ bụla nke N. Peiko na-akpali mmasị ndị na-ege ntị n'ezie, na-aghọ ihe omume na ndụ egwu dị ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke na mbụ nke omenala nkà nke mba. Iso egwu onye na-ede ihe na-ezukọ bụ ohere maka nkwurịta okwu ime mmụọ na nke oge anyị, na-enyocha nsogbu omume nke ụwa gbara ya gburugburu. Onye na-ede egwú na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-agbasi mbọ ike, na-eji obi ike mara ụdị egwu dị iche iche. O kere 8 symphonies, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọrụ maka orchestra, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, ụlọ-ngwaọrụ na olu ọrụ, music maka ihe nkiri nkiri, ihe nkiri, redio mgbasa ozi.

A mụrụ Peiko n'ezinụlọ nwere ọgụgụ isi. N'oge ọ bụ nwata na ntorobịa, ọmụmụ ihe egwu ya bụ ọdịdị amateur. Nzukọ ohere ya na G. Litinsky, bụ onye nwere ekele maka talent nke nwa okorobịa ahụ, gbanwere akara aka Peiko: ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ nke ngalaba mmepụta ihe nke kọleji egwu, na 1937, a nabatara ya n'afọ nke atọ nke Moscow Conservatory. site na nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na klas nke N. Myaskovskogo. Ugbua na 40s. Peiko kwupụtara onwe ya ma dịka onye na-ede ihe na-egbuke egbuke na nke mbụ, na dịka onye ọha na eze, na onye nduzi. Ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke 40-50s. na-agba akaebe na-eto eto nkà; na nhọrọ nke isiokwu, nkata, echiche, ịdị ndụ nke ọgụgụ isi, nchọpụta dị mkpa, ọdịmma eluigwe na ala, obosara nke echiche na omenala dị elu na-apụtawanye ìhè.

Peiko bu onye okacha amara amuru. Ugbua na ọrụ symphonic nke mbụ, a na-ekpebi njirimara nke ụdị ya, nke a na-ahụta site na nchikota nke esemokwu dị n'ime ya na okwu mgbochi ya. Akụkụ dị ịrịba ama nke ọrụ Peiko bụ mmasị na omenala mba nke ndị mmadụ n'ụwa. E gosipụtara ọdịiche nke mmasị ethnographic na okike nke mbụ Bashkir opera "Aikhylu" (ya na M. Valeev, 1941), na ụlọ "Site na Yakut Legends", na "Moldavian Suite", na Iberibe asaa na Gburugburu. nke ndị mmadụ nke USSR, wdg N'ime ọrụ ndị a, onye edemede ahụ kpaliri ọchịchọ nke na-egosipụta oge a site na prism nke egwu egwu na echiche uri nke ndị obodo dị iche iche.

60-70s Ọ bụ oge maka imepụta ihe na-eto eto na ntozu oke. Ballet Joan nke Arc wetara ama ama na mba ofesi, ihe okike bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ nhụsianya na isi mmalite - egwu ọdịnala na egwu ọkachamara nke France. N'ime oge a, e hiwere isiokwu ịhụ mba n'anya nke ọrụ ya ma na-ada ụda ike, jikọtara ya na mkpesa nke ihe ncheta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nke ndị Russia, ọrụ ha dị egwu n'oge agha gara aga. Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a bụ oratorio "The Night of Tsar Ivan" (dabere na akụkọ nke AK Tolstoy "The Silver Prince"), nke symphonic okirikiri "Na Strade nke Agha". N'ime afọ 80. n'ikwekọ na ntụziaka a, e kere ihe ndị a: oratorio "Ụbọchị agha ochie" nke dabeere na ihe ncheta nke akwụkwọ ndị Russia oge ochie "Zadonshchina", ụlọ cantata "Pinezhie" dabere na ọrụ F. Abramov.

N'afọ ndị a niile, egwu egwu egwu na-aga n'ihu na-ebute ụzọ n'ọrụ onye dere ya. Symphonies ya nke anọ na nke ise, Symphony Concerto, nke na-azụlite ọdịnala kachasị mma nke egwu egwu egwu Russia, nwetara mkpesa ọha na eze kacha ukwuu. Ụdị dị iche iche nke ụdị olu na ụdị nke Peiko nakweere dị ịrịba ama. Ọrụ maka ụda olu na piano (karịa 70) na-agụnye ọchịchọ maka nghọta ụkpụrụ omume na nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke ederede uri nke A. Blok, S. Yesenin, ndị China oge ochie na ndị America oge a. A nabatara mkpesa ọha na eze kachasị ukwuu site na ọrụ ndị dabeere na amaokwu nke ndị na-ede uri Soviet - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko nwere ikike na-enweghị mgbagha n'etiti ndị na-eto eto na-ede egwú. Site na klas ya (ma ọ nọwo na-akụzi kemgbe 1942 na Moscow Conservatory, kemgbe 1954 na Gnessin Institute) otu ụyọkọ kpakpando dum nke ndị na-egwu egwu nwere omenala (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, na ndị ọzọ).

L. Rapatskaya

Ngwakọta:

opera Aikhylu (nke MM Valeev deziri, 1943, Ufa; mbipụta nke abụọ, onye na-ede akwụkwọ, 2, zuru ezu); ballet – Mmiri ifufe (tinyere 3. V. Khabibulin, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Ụlọ ihe nkiri aha Stanislavsky na Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964); maka ndị soloist, ukwe na ndị egwu egwu – Cantata Builders of the Future (abụ nke NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (mgbe AK Tolstoy, 1967 gasịrị); maka orchestra – Symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; concert-symphony, 1974), suites Site na Yakut Legends (1940; 2nd 1957), Site na Russian ochie (1948. Moldavian suite (2), symphonietta (1963), ọdịiche (1950), 1940 iberibe na isiokwu nke ndị USSR (1947), Symphonic Ballad (7), overture To the World (1951), Capriccio (maka obere symphonic). Orc., 1959); maka piano na orchestra - egwu (1954); maka violin na orchestra - Fantasy Concert na gburugburu Finnish (1953), Fantasy 2nd Concert (1964); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - 3 eriri. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); maka piano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), ọdịiche (1957), wdg; maka olu na piano – wok. cycles Heart of a Warrior (okwu ndị Soviet na-ede uri, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (okwu ndị US poet, 1946-1965), egwu 3. foto (egwu nke SA Yesenin, 1960), okirikiri Lyric (abụ nke G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. poems na triptych Okirikiri mgbụsị akwụkwọ na amaokwu nke HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), romances na lyrics. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) na ndị ọzọ; egwu maka ngosi ihe nkiri. t-ra, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri redio.

Ọrụ edemede: Banyere egwu nke Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (ya na I. Shteiman); Symphony nke 27 nke N. Ya. Myaskovsky, n'akwụkwọ: N. Ya. Myaskovski. Akụkọ, akwụkwọ ozi, ihe ncheta, vol. 1, M., 1959; Ncheta nke onye nkuzi, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. Na mbipụta Russia nke Berlioz's "Treatise", "SM", 1974, Mba 1; Obere ngwá ọrụ abụọ. (Ntụle nkọwa nke ejije nke O. Messiaen na V. Lutoslavsky), na Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 9, 1975.

References: Belyaev V., Ọrụ Symphonic nke N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, Mba 5; Boganova T., Banyere egwu nke N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. nke ya, Vocal Lyrics site N. Peiko na okirikiri ya na amaokwu nke N. Zabolotsky, na Sat: Music na Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.