Lyubomir Pipkov |

Lyubomir Pipkov

L. Pipkov bụ "onye na-ede egwú na-emepụta mmetụta" (D. Shostakovich), onye ndú nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Bulgarian nke ndị na-ede egwú, bụ nke ruru ọkwa ọkachamara nke Europe nke oge a ma nweta nkwado mba ụwa. Pipkov tolitere n'etiti ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche na-aga n'ihu na ọgụgụ isi, na ezinụlọ nke onye na-egwu egwú. Nna ya Panayot Pipkov bụ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ọkachamara Bulgarian music, onye na-ede abụ bụ onye kesara n'ọtụtụ ebe na gburugburu mgbanwe mgbanwe. Site na nna ya, onye na-egwu egwu n'ọdịnihu ketara onyinye ya na echiche obodo - mgbe ọ dị afọ 20, ọ sonyeere n'òtù mgbanwe, na-ekere òkè na ọrụ nke ndị Kọmunist n'okpuru ala mgbe ahụ, na-etinye nnwere onwe ya n'ihe ize ndụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ndụ ya.

N'etiti 20s. Pipkov bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke State Musical Academy na Sofia. Ọ na-eme dị ka onye pianist, na nnwale mbụ ya na-edepụta dịkwa n'ọhịa imepụta piano. Otu nwa okorobịa nwere onyinye pụrụ iche nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta iji mụọ na Paris - ebe a na 1926-32. ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Ecole Normale na onye na-ede egwú a ma ama bụ Paul Duc na onye nkụzi Nadia Boulanger. Pipkov ngwa ngwa na-etolite n'ime a oké egwu artist, dị ka na-egosi na ya mbụ tozuru okè opuses: Concerto for Winds, Percussion and Piano (1931), eriri Quartet (1928, ọ bụ n'ozuzu mbụ Bulgarian quartet), ndokwa nke ndiife songs. Ma isi ihe rụzuru nke afọ ndị a bụ opera The Nine Brothers of Yana, malitere na 1929 wee wuchaa mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya na 1932. Pipkov kere mbụ oge gboo Bulgarian opera, ghọtara music ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere dị ka ihe pụtara ìhè ọrụ, nke akara mgbanwe. isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Bulgarian musical nkiri. N'oge ahụ, onye na-ede egwú nwere ike itinye echiche ọha mmadụ nke oge a n'ụzọ doro anya, dabere na akụkọ ifo ndị mmadụ, na-ezo aka na ihe omume ahụ na narị afọ XIV dị anya. Na ndabere nke akụkọ ifo na uri ihe, a na-ekpughe isiokwu nke mgba n'etiti ezi ihe na ihe ọjọọ, gụnyere isi na esemokwu dị n'etiti ụmụnne abụọ - ajọ ekworo Georgy Groznik na nkà nka Angel, bụ onye e mebiri site na ya, na-egbuke egbuke. mkpụrụ obi. Ihe nkiri nkeonwe na-etolite n'ọdachi mba, n'ihi na ọ na-apụta n'ime omimi nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, na-ata ahụhụ site na mmegbu nke mba ọzọ, site na ihe otiti nke dakwasịrị mba ahụ ... Na-esepụta ihe ndị dị egwu nke oge ochie, Pipkov, Otú ọ dị, nwere na tukwasi uche n'ọdachi nke oge ya. Emebere opera ahụ n'ụkwụ ọhụrụ nke ọgba aghara mgbochi Fascist nke Septemba 1923 nke kpasuru mba ahụ niile ma ndị ọchịchị mechiri ya n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ - nke ahụ bụ oge ọtụtụ ndị kacha mma na mba ahụ nwụrụ, mgbe onye Bulgarian gburu onye Bulgarian. Aghọtara isiokwu ya ozugbo na premiere na 1937 - mgbe ahụ, ndị nkatọ gọọmentị boro Pipkov ebubo "mgbasa echiche ndị Kọmunist", ha dere na a na-ahụ opera dị ka ngagharị iwe "megide usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze taa", ya bụ, megide ọchịchị onye ọchịchị Fashist. Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, onye na-ede egwú kwetara na nke a bụ ikpe, na ọ chọrọ na opera "iji kpughee eziokwu nke ndụ jupụtara n'amamihe, ahụmahụ na okwukwe n'ọdịnihu, okwukwe nke dị mkpa iji lụso ndị fasizim ọgụ." "Ụmụnne Nine Yana" bụ ihe nkiri egwu egwu egwu nwere asụsụ na-akọwapụta nke ọma, jupụtara n'iche dị iche iche, na ihe nkiri igwe mmadụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ike ịchọta mmetụta nke ihe nkiri nke M. Mussorgsky "Boris Godunov". Egwú nke opera, yana ihe niile e kere eke Pipkov n'ozuzu, dị iche iche site na àgwà mba na-egbuke egbuke.

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị Pipkov zara maka dike na ọdachi nke ọgba aghara na-emegide fascist September bụ cantata The Wedding (1935), bụ nke ọ kpọrọ egwu revolutionary maka ukwe na orchestra, na ụda olu Ballad The Horsemen (1929). Edere ha abụọ na Art. nnukwu onye na-ede uri N. Furnadzhev.

N'ịlaghachi na Paris, Pipkov gụnyere na egwu egwu na ndụ mmekọrịta nke ala nna ya. N'afọ 1932, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na ndị ọgbọ ya P. Vladigerov, P. Staynov, V. Stoyanov na ndị ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Modern Music Society, nke jikọrọ ihe niile na-aga n'ihu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-ede egwú Russia, bụ nke na-enwe ahụmahụ mbụ ya. elu ịrị elu. Pipkov na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye nkatọ na onye mgbasa ozi. N'ime isiokwu mmemme "Na Bulgarian Musical Style", ọ na-arụ ụka na onye na-ede egwú na-emepụta ihe kwesịrị ịzụlite n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na nkà na-arụ ọrụ ọha na eze nakwa na ndabere ya bụ ikwesị ntụkwasị obi nye echiche ndị mmadụ. Mkpa ọhaneze bụ njirimara nke ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị isi nke nna ukwu. N'afọ 1940, o kere Symphony nke mbụ - nke a bụ mba mbụ na Bulgaria, gụnyere na oge ochie nke mba, nnukwu egwu egwu. Ọ na-egosipụta ọnọdụ ime mmụọ nke oge agha obodo Spanish na mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Echiche nke symphony bụ ụdị mbụ nke mba nke echiche a maara nke ọma "site na mgba maka mmeri" - dabere na ihe oyiyi na ụdị Bulgarian, dabere na ụkpụrụ nke akụkọ ifo.

Pipkov nke abụọ opera "Momchil" (aha nke mba dike, onye ndú nke haiduks) e kere na 1939-43, dechara na 1948. Ọ na-egosipụta ọnọdụ ịhụ mba n'anya na ochichi onye kwuo uche na obodo Bulgarian na mmalite nke 40s. Nke a bụ ihe nkiri egwu ndị mmadụ, nwere ọmarịcha ederede, ihe onyonyo nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ndị mmadụ. Otu ebe dị mkpa na-eji ihe atụ dike nwere, a na-eji asụsụ ọtụtụ ụdị eme ihe, karịsịa egwu na-agbagharị agbagharị - ebe a na-ejikọta ya na isi mmalite akụkọ ifo ndị nkịtị. A na-echekwa ikike nke onye na-ede egwuregwu-symphonist na ala ala dị omimi nke ụdị, njirimara Pipkov. The opera, nke mbụ gosiri na 1948 na Sofia Ụlọ ihe nkiri, ghọrọ ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke a ọhụrụ ogbo na mmepe nke Bulgarian musical omenala, ogbo nke bịara mgbe mgbanwe nke September 9, 1944 na mba na-abanye n'ime ụzọ nke socialist mmepe. .

Onye na-ede akwụkwọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, onye Kọmunist, nke nwere oke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Pipkov na-arụ ọrụ siri ike. Ọ bụ onye nduzi mbụ nke Sofia Opera nke eweghachiri (1944-48), odeakwụkwọ mbụ nke Union of Bulgarian Composers guzobere na 1947 (194757). Kemgbe 1948 ọ bụ onye prọfesọ na Bulgarian State Conservatory. N'ime oge a, a na-ekwusi ike na isiokwu nke oge a na ọrụ Pipkov. Ọ bụ opera Antigone-43 (1963) kpughere ya nke ọma, bụ nke na-anọgide ruo taa bụ opera Bulgarian kacha mma na otu n'ime operas kachasị mkpa na isiokwu ọgbara ọhụrụ na egwu Europe, na oratorio On Our Time (1959). Onye na-ese ihe na-emetụ n'ahụ welitere olu ya ebe a megide agha - ọ bụghị nke gafere, kama nke na-eyi ndị mmadụ egwu ọzọ. Ọgaranya nke ọdịnaya nke uche nke oratorio na-ekpebi nkwuwa okwu na ịdị nkọ nke ọdịiche, mgbanwe mgbanwe - site na egwu chiri anya nke akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka onye agha nye onye ọ hụrụ n'anya na foto obi ọjọọ nke mbibi n'ozuzu n'ihi nsonaazụ atọm, ka ihe oyiyi dị egwu nke ụmụaka nwụrụ anwụ, anụ ufe ọbara. Mgbe ụfọdụ, oratorio na-enweta ike ihe nkiri nke mmetụta.

Nwa okorobịa na-eto eto nke opera "Antigone-43" - nwa akwụkwọ Anna, dị ka Antigone otu oge, na ndị ọchịchị na-abanye n'ime dike duel. Anna-Antigone si na mgba na-enweghị isi dị ka onye mmeri, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwetara mmeri omume a na-efu ndụ ya. Egwú nke opera bụ ihe a ma ama n'ihi ike njide siri ike, mmalite, aghụghọ nke mmepe nke uche nke akụkụ olu, nke ụdị ariose-declamatory na-achịkwa. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-emegiderịta onwe ya nke ukwuu, ike dị egwu nke ihe nkiri duel nke e ji mara ihe nkiri egwu na nkenke, dị ka mmiri mmiri, egwu egwu egwu egwu, na-emegide interludes epic choral - nke a bụ, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, olu ndị mmadụ, ya na ya. echiche nke nkà ihe ọmụma na ụkpụrụ omume nke ihe na-eme.

Na njedebe nke 60s - mmalite 70s. A na-akọwapụta ọkwa ọhụrụ na ọrụ Pipkov: site na echiche dị egwu na nke jọgburu onwe ya nke ụda obodo, enwere mgbanwe dị ukwuu na okwu lyrical-psychological, philosophical and thical issues, ọkachamara ọgụgụ isi pụrụ iche nke egwu egwu. Ọrụ kacha pụta ìhè n'ime afọ ndị a bụ egwu ise na Art. Ndị na-ede uri si mba ọzọ (1964) maka bass, soprano na ụlọ egwu egwu, Concerto for clarinet with chamber orchestra and Third Quartet with timpani (1966), lyrical-meditative two part Symphony Fourth for string orchestra (1970), choral chamber cycle na St. M. Tsvetaeva "Muffled Songs" (1972), cycles nke iberibe maka piano. N'ụdị nke ọrụ Pipkov mechara, a na-enwe ọhụụ ọhụụ nke ikike ngosipụta ya, na-eme ka ọ baa ụba n'ụzọ kachasị ọhụrụ. Onye na-ede egwú abịala ogologo oge. N'oge ọ bụla nke mgbanwe okike ya, ọ na-edozi ọrụ ọhụrụ na nke dị mkpa maka ụlọ akwụkwọ mba dum, na-emeghe ụzọ maka ya n'ọdịnihu.

R. Leites

Ngwakọta:

opera – Ụmụnna itoolu nke Yana (Yaninite nwa agbọghọ, 1937, Sofia folk opera), Momchil (1948, ibid.), Antigone-43 (1963, ibid.); maka ndị soloist, ukwe na ndị egwu egwu - Oratorio banyere oge anyị (Oratorio maka oge anyị, 1959), 3 cantatas; maka orchestra - 4 symphonies (1942, raara nye agha obodo na Spain; 1954; maka eriri., 2 fp., opi na percussion; 1969, maka eriri), ọdịiche maka eriri. orc. n’isiokwu nke abụ Albania (1953); concerts na ndị egwú - maka fp. (1956), Skr. (1951), klas. (1969), clarinet na ụlọ egwu egwu. na percussion (1967), conc. Symphony maka vlc. na orc. (1960); concerto maka ifufe, percussion na piano. (1931); ụlọ-ngwaọrụ ensembles – sonata maka Skr. na fp. (1929), 3 eriri. quartet (1928, 1948, 1966); maka piano – Ndekọ ụmụaka (ndepụta ụmụaka, 1936), Pastoral (1944) na egwuregwu ndị ọzọ, okirikiri (mkpokọta); ndi chozi, gụnyere okirikiri nke abụ anọ (maka ndị ukwe ụmụ nwanyị, 4); uka na egwu solo, gụnyere maka ụmụaka; egwu maka ihe nkiri.