Luigi Cherubini |
Luigi Cherubini
Na 1818, L. Beethoven, na-aza ajụjụ banyere onye bụzi onye na-ede egwú kasị ukwuu (ewezuga Beethoven n’onwe ya), kwuru, sị: “Cherubini.” "Onye pụtara ìhè" a na-akpọ Italian maestro G. Verdi. R. Schumann na R. Wagner nwere mmasị na ọrụ Cherubiniev. Brahms nwere mmasị siri ike na egwu Cherubini, nke a na-akpọ opera "Medea" "ọrụ mara mma", nke e jidere ya na-enweghị atụ. F. Liszt na G. Berlioz nyere ya otuto - ndị na-ese ihe dị ukwuu, bụ ndị, Otú ọ dị, enweghị mmekọrịta kachasị mma na Cherubini: Cherubini (dị ka onye nduzi) ekweghị ka onye mbụ (dị ka onye mba ọzọ) na-amụ ihe na Paris. Conservatory, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nakweere nke abụọ mgbidi ya, ma ọ dịghị amasị ya nke ukwuu.
Cherubini nwetara agụmakwụkwọ izizi ya n'okpuru nduzi nke nna ya, Bartolomeo Cherubini, yana B. na A. Felici, P. Bizzari, J. Casrucci. Cherubini gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya na Bologna na G. Sarti, onye na-ede egwú, onye nkụzi, na onye edemede nke ọrụ egwu na usoro iwu. Na nkwurịta okwu ya na nnukwu onye na-ese ihe, onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú ghọtara nkà dị mgbagwoju anya nke counterpoint (ederede polyphonic). Nke nta nke nta na ịmara ya nke ọma, ọ na-esonyere omume dị ndụ: ọ na-amụta ụdị ụka nke mass, litany, motet, yana ụdị ụwa kachasị ama nke opera-seria aristocratic na opera-buffa nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ogbo opera obodo na ogbo. Iwu sitere na obodo Italy (Livorno, Florence, Rome, Venice. Mantua, Turin), si London - ebe a Cherubini na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ ụlọikpe na 1784-86. The talent nke onye na-egwu egwú nwetara nkwanye ùgwù Europe na Paris, ebe Cherubini biri na 1788.
Ndụ ya niile na ụzọ okike ya jikọtara ya na France. Cherubini bụ onye a ma ama na mgbanwe mgbanwe French, ọmụmụ nke Paris Conservatory (1795) jikọtara ya na aha ya. Onye na-egwu egwu na-etinye ike na nkà na nhazi ya na nkwalite ya: nke mbụ dị ka onye nyocha, mgbe ahụ dị ka prọfesọ, na n'ikpeazụ dị ka onye nduzi (1821-41). N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị isi opera bụ F. Ober na F. Halevi. Cherubini hapụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ sayensị na usoro; nke a nyere aka na nguzobe na iwusi ikike nke ụlọ nchekwa ahụ ike, bụ nke mechara bụrụ ihe nlereanya nke ọzụzụ ọkachamara maka ndị na-eto eto na Europe.
Cherubini hapụrụ ọmarịcha egwu egwu. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-asọpụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị egwu egwu niile dị ugbu a, kamakwa ọ na-etinye aka na nhazi nke ọhụrụ.
N'afọ ndị 1790 ya na ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ - F. Gossec, E. Megul, I. Pleyel, J. Lesueur, A. Jaden, A. Burton, B. Sarret - onye na-ede egwú na-emepụta abụ na abụ, njem, na-egwu egwu maka ememe ememe. emume, emume iru uju Revolutions ("Egwu Republic", "Ukwe to the Brotherhood", "Hymn to the Pantheon", wdg).
Otú ọ dị, isi ihe mmepụta ihe nke onye na-ede egwú, bụ nke kpebiri ebe onye na-ese ihe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omenala egwú, jikọtara ya na ụlọ opera. Opera Cherubini na 1790s na iri afọ mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. chịkọta ihe kacha pụta ìhè nke Italian opera seria, French lyrical tragedy (ụdị egwu ụlọ ikpe mara mma), opera French na ihe nkiri egwu kachasị ọhụrụ nke onye na-emezigharị ihe nkiri opera KV Gluck. Ha na-akpọsa ọmụmụ nke ụdị opera ọhụrụ: "Opera nke Nzọpụta" - arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-enye otuto ọgụ megide ime ihe ike na ọchịchị aka ike maka nnwere onwe na ikpe ziri ezi.
Ọ bụ opera Cherubini nyeere Beethoven aka n'ịhọrọ isi okwu na nkata nke naanị ya na ama ama Fidelio, n'ụdị egwu ya. Anyị na-amata atụmatụ ha na opera G. Spontini The Vestal Virgin, nke akara mmalite nke oge nke oké ihunanya opera.
Gịnị ka a na-akpọ ọrụ ndị a? Lodoiska (1791), Eliza (1794), Ụbọchị abụọ (ma ọ bụ Onye na-ebu mmiri, 1800). Ọ dịghị obere ama taa bụ Medea (1797), Faniska (1806), Abenseraghi (1813), onye odide na egwu oyiyi na-echetara anyị ọtụtụ nke operas, songs na ngwá ọrụ nke KM Weber, F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn.
Egwu Cherubini nwere na narị afọ nke 30. nnukwu ike na-adọrọ adọrọ, dị ka egosipụtara site na mmasị siri ike na ya nke ndị egwu Russia: M. Glinka, A. Serov, A. Rubinstein, V. Odoevsky. Onye edemede nke ihe karịrị 6 operas, 77 quartets, symphonies, 2 romances, 11 requiems (otu n'ime ha - na C obere - e mere na olili ozu nke Beethoven, onye hụrụ na ọrụ a naanị ihe nlereanya nwere ike ime), XNUMX masses, motets, antiphons na ọrụ ndị ọzọ , Cherubini anaghị echefu na narị afọ nke XNUMX. A na-eme egwu ya na ọkwa opera kacha mma, nke edere na ndekọ gramophone.
S. Rytsarev
