Marian Anderson |

Marian Anderson

Nkwekọrịta nke onye America-American bụ Marian Anderson na-amasị ọtụtụ atụmatụ pụrụ iche. N'ime ya, yana njiri ụda olu dị ịtụnanya na egwu egwu na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, enwere ọmarịcha ime n'ime, ntinye, ntinye kacha mma na ịba ụba timbre. Ọpụpụ ya site n'ọgba aghara nke ụwa na enweghị njedebe zuru oke nke narcissism na-emepụta echiche nke ụdị amara Chineke 'na-asọpụta'. Nnwere onwe nke ime na ịdị mma nke mmịpụta ụda dịkwa egwu. Ma ị na-ege ntị na arụmọrụ Anderson nke Bach na Handel ma ọ bụ Negro spirits, ọnọdụ ntụgharị uche nke anwansi na-ebilite ozugbo, nke na-enweghị analogues ...

A mụrụ Marian Anderson n'otu n'ime mpaghara ndị nwere agba nke Philadelphia, nna ya nwụnahụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, nne ya zụlitere ya. Malite n'oge ọ bụ nwata, o gosiri ikike ịbụ abụ. Nwatakịrị nwanyị ahụ bụrụ abụ n’òtù ukwe chọọchị nke otu n’ime chọọchị Baptist dị na Filadelfia. Anderson na-ekwu n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere ndụ ya siri ike ma na-abụ abụ 'mahadum' n'akwụkwọ autobiographical ya 'Onyenwe anyị, ihe ụtụtụ' (1956, New York), iberibe nke e bipụtara na 1965 na mba anyị (Sat. 'Performing Arts of Foreign Countries) ', M., 1962).

Mgbe ya na onye nkụzi a ma ama bụ Giuseppe Bogetti (J. Pierce n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya), na-amụ ihe na studio vocal F. La Forge (onye zụrụ M. Talley, L. Tibbett na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-agụ egwú), Anderson mere ya mpụta mbụ na usoro egwu egwu na 1925, Otú ọ dị, na-enweghị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe o meriri asọmpi ịbụ abụ nke New York Philharmonic haziri, National Association of Negro Musicians na-enye onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe ohere ịga n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na England, bụ ebe onye nduzi a ma ama bụ Henry Wood hụrụ talent ya. Na 1929, Anderson mere mpụta mbụ ya na Carnegie Hall. Otú ọ dị, ajọ mbunobi agbụrụ gbochiri onye na-agụ egwú inweta nkwanye ùgwù zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị ọkachamara America. Ọ gakwara ọzọ maka ụwa ochie. N'afọ 1930, njem nleta Europe nwere mmeri malitere na Berlin. Marian na-aga n'ihu na-emewanye nkà ya, na-enweta ọtụtụ nkuzi site n'aka onye na-agụ egwú Mahler a ma ama bụ Madame Charles Caille. Na 1935, Anderson nyere egwu na Salzburg Festival. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka nkà ya masịrị Toscanini. N'afọ 1934-35. ọ gara na USSR.

N'afọ 1935, na ntinye nke Arthur Rubinstein, nzukọ dị ịrịba ama n'etiti Marian Anderson na nnukwu impresario, onye Russia, Saul Yurok (ezigbo aha onye obodo Bryansk bụ Solomon Gurkov) na-ewere ọnọdụ na Paris. O jisiri ike mee oghere na echiche nke ndị America, na-eji Lincoln Memorial maka nke a. N’April 9, 1939, mmadụ 75 nọ na steepụ mabul nke Ememe Ncheta ahụ gere ntị n’abụ nke oké ọbụ abụ, bụ́ onye ghọworo ihe nnọchianya nke mgba maka ịha nhata nke agbụrụ. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị isi ala US Roosevelt, Eisenhower, na emesịa Kennedy enwetala nsọpụrụ ịnabata Marian Anderson. Ọrụ egwu egwu na-egbuke egbuke nke onye na-ese ihe, onye akwụkwọ akụkọ ya gụnyere ụda olu na ọrụ ụlọ nke Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mahler, Sibelius, ọrụ Gershwin na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, kwụsịrị na April 000, 18 na Ụlọ Nzukọ Carnegie. Nnukwu onye na-agụ egwú nwụrụ na Eprel 1965, 8 na Portland.

Naanị otu ugboro n'ime ọrụ ya niile ka Negro diva pụtara ìhè tụgharịrị gaa n'ụdị opera. N'afọ 1955, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị ojii mbụ mere na Metropolitan Opera. Nke a mere n'oge afọ onye nduzi nke Rudolf Bing a ma ama. Nke a bụ otú o si akọwa eziokwu a dị mkpa:

' Ọdịdị nke Oriakụ Anderson - onye mbụ na-agụ egwú ojii na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, onye na-eme egwuregwu ndị isi, na ogbo 'Metropolitan' - nke a bụ otu n'ime oge ndị ahụ n'ime ihe nkiri ihe nkiri m, bụ nke m na-anya isi na ya. . Achọrọ m ime nke a kemgbe afọ mbụ m na Met, ma ọ bụ na 1954 ka anyị nwere akụkụ ziri ezi - Ulrika in Un ballo in maschera - chọrọ obere ihe na ya mere mmegharị ole na ole, nke dị mkpa maka onye na-ese ihe. . , ihe omume egwu na-ekwo ekwo, na maka akụkụ nke a, ọ dịghị mkpa na olu onye ọbụ abụ adịkwaghị n'oge ya.

Na ihe ndị a niile, ọkpụkpọ òkù ya nwere ike ime naanị site na ohere dị mma: n'otu n'ime oriri ndị Saul Yurok haziri maka ballet 'Sadler's Wells', m nọdụrụ ala n'akụkụ ya. Anyị kwurịtara ozugbo ajụjụ banyere njikọ aka ya, ma hazie ihe niile n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole. Ndị Board of Trustees nke Metropolitan Opera esoghị na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ zigara ekele ha mgbe akụkọ ahụ malitere…'. N'October 9, 1954, The New York Times na-agwa ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ maka ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ihe nkiri na Anderson.

Na na January 7, 1955, akụkọ ihe mere eme mpụta mbụ nke oké American diva mere na isi ihe nkiri nke United States. Ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ opera a ma ama so na mbụ: Richard Tucker (Richard), Zinka Milanova (Amelia), Leonard Warren (Renato), Roberta Peters (Oscar). N'azụ nguzo onye nduzi ahụ bụ otu n'ime ndị nduzi kasịnụ nke narị afọ nke 20, Dimitrios Mitropoulos.

E. Tsodokov