Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

VV Timokhin na-ede, sị: “Kathleen Ferrier nwere otu n'ime olu mara mma na narị afọ anyị. O nwere ezigbo contralto, nke pụrụ iche site na ụda ọkụ na velvety pụrụ iche na ndekọ ala. N'ime ebe niile, olu onye ọbụ abụ dara ọgaranya ma dịkwa nro. N'ime timbre ya, n'ụdị ụda ahụ, enwere ụfọdụ ihe nkiri elegiac "mbụ" na nke ime. Mgbe ụfọdụ, nkebi ahịrịokwu ole na ole onye na-agụ abụ na-ezuru ezu iji mepụta n'ime onye na-ege ntị echiche nke ihe oyiyi jupụtara n'oke iru újú na ịdị mfe. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ọ bụ n'ụda mmetụta uche a ka a na-edozi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise magburu onwe ya nke onye na-agụ egwú.

A mụrụ Kathleen Mary Ferrier Eprel 22, 1912 n'obodo Haiger Walton (Lancashire), na ugwu England. Nne na nna ya n'onwe ha na-abụ abụ n'òtù ukwe na site na nwata kụnye nwa agbọghọ ahụ ịhụnanya nke egwu. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Blackburn, bụ ebe Kathleen gụrụ akwụkwọ, ọ mụtakwara ịkpọ piano, bụrụ abụ n'òtù ukwe, ma nweta ihe ọmụma banyere usoro egwu bụ isi. Nke a nyeere ya aka imeri asọmpi maka ndị na-eto eto na-egwu egwu, bụ nke e mere n'obodo dị nso. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ọ natara ihe nrite abụọ mbụ n'otu oge - n'ịbụ abụ na na piano.

Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ego dara ogbenye nke ndị mụrụ ya mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ afọ Kathleen rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ telifon. Naanị mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asatọ (!) ọ malitere ịmụ abụ na Blackburn. N'oge ahụ, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ amalitela. Ya mere ihe ngosi mbụ nke onye na-agụ egwú bụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọgwụ, na ebe ndị agha.

Kathleen ji egwu ndị bekee mee ihe, ma nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Ha hụrụ ya n'anya ozugbo: ịma mma nke olu ya na ụzọ arụ ọrụ enweghị nka masịrị ndị na-ege ntị. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akpọ onye na-agụ egwú na-achọsi ike ka ọ bịa n'ezi egwu egwu, na-esonyere ndị na-egwu egwu ọkachamara. Otu n'ime ihe ngosi ndị a bụ onye nduzi a ma ama bụ Malcolm Sargent gbara akaebe. Ọ kwadoro onye na-eto eto na-agụ egwú ka ọ bụrụ onye ndú nke nzukọ egwu London.

Na December 1942, Ferrier pụtara na London, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na onye na-agụ egwú na onye nkụzi Roy Henderson. N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ malitere ihe ngosi ya. Kathleen agụọla ma solo yana ya na ndị isi ukwe bekee. Na nke ikpeazụ, ọ rụrụ oratorios nke Handel na Mendelssohn, nke Bach na-eme ihe ike. Na 1943, Ferrière mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka ọkachamara na-agụ abụ na Handel's Messiah.

N'afọ 1946, onye na-agụ egwú zutere onye na-ede egwú Benjamin Britten, onye aha ya dị n'egbugbere ọnụ nke ndị na-agụ egwú obodo mgbe mmalite nke opera Peter Grimes gasịrị. Britten nọ na-arụ ọrụ opera ọhụrụ, The Lamentation of Lucretia, ma kọwapụtalarị ihe nkedo ahụ. Naanị otu nke heroine - Lucretia, ọdịdị nke ịdị ọcha, fragility na enweghị nchebe nke mkpụrụ obi nwanyị, ogologo oge adịghị anwa anwa inye onye ọ bụla. N'ikpeazụ, Britten chetara Ferrière, onye na-agụ egwú contralto ọ nụrụ otu afọ gara aga.

The Lament of Lucretia malitere na Julaị 12, 1946, na Ememme Glyndebourne nke mbụ mgbe agha gasịrị. Opera bụ ihe ịga nke ọma. N'ikpeazụ, ìgwè nke Glyndebourne Festival, nke gụnyere Kathleen Ferrier, mere ya ihe karịrị ugboro iri isii n'obodo dị iche iche nke mba ahụ. Ya mere aha onye ọbụ abụ bịara mara nke ọma n'etiti ndị na-ege Bekee.

Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Ememme Glyndebourne meghere ya na mmepụta opera nke na-egosi Ferrière, oge a na Gluck's Orpheus na Eurydice.

Akụkụ nke Lucretia na Orpheus nwere oke ọrụ operatic nke Ferrier. Akụkụ nke Orpheus bụ naanị ọrụ onye na-ese ihe na-eso ya n'oge ndụ ya dị mkpirikpi. VV Timokhin kwuru, sị: “N'ihe omume ya, onye ọbụ abụ wetara ihe ndị pụtara ìhè. – Olu onye na-ese ihe na-egbuke egbuke n'ọtụtụ agba - matte, siri ike, nghọta, oke. Ọbịbịa ya na aria a ma ama "Efuru m Eurydice" (omume nke atọ) na-egosi. Maka ụfọdụ ndị na-abụ abụ (o zuru ezu icheta na njikọ a, onye ntụgharị dị ịrịba ama nke ọrụ Orpheus na ogbo German, Margaret Klose), aria a na-ada ka onye na-eru uju, nke nwere nghọta zuru oke nke Largo. Ferrier na-enye ya oke mkpali, mkpasu iwe dị egwu, na aria n'onwe ya na-ewerekwa agwa dị iche kpamkpam - ọ bụghị nke elegiac pastor, kama ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi… “.

Mgbe otu n'ime ihe ngosi ahụ gasịrị, na nzaghachi nye otuto nke onye nwere mmasị na nkà ya, Ferrier kwuru, sị: "Ee, ọrụ a dị m nso. Iji nye ihe niile ị ga-alụ ọgụ maka ịhụnanya gị - dịka mmadụ na onye na-ese ihe, enwere m mmetụta na ịdị njikere mgbe niile maka nzọụkwụ a.

Mana onye na-agụ egwú masịrị ya karịa n'egwuregwu egwu. Na 1947, na Edinburgh Festival, ọ rụrụ Mahler's symphony-cantata The Song of the Earth. Bruno Walter mere ya. Omume nke symphony ghọrọ ihe na-akpali akpali na ememe ahụ.

N'ozuzu, nkọwa Ferrier banyere ọrụ Mahler bụ ibe dị ịrịba ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụda olu ọgbara ọhụrụ. VV na-ede banyere nke a n'ụzọ doro anya na nke ọma. Timokhin:

“Ọ dị ka mwute Mahler, ọmịiko maka ndị dike ya nwetara nzaghachi pụrụ iche n'ime obi onye ọbụ abụ…

Ferrier na-enwe mmetụta nke ọma n'ụzọ aghụghọ na mmalite ihe osise na eserese nke egwu Mahler. Ma eserese olu ya abụghị naanị ọmarịcha, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ site na ndetu dị ọkụ nke nsonye, ​​ọmịiko mmadụ. A naghị akwado ịrụ ọrụ nke onye na-agụ egwú na atụmatụ chiri anya nke ụlọ, ọ na-eji obi ụtọ na-agụ egwú na-adọrọ adọrọ, ihe ọmụma uri.

Kemgbe ahụ, Walter na Ferrier aghọwo ezigbo enyi ma na-emekọ ọnụ. Onye nduzi ahụ lere Ferrière anya dị ka "otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ kasị ukwuu nke ọgbọ anyị". Na Walter dị ka onye na-eso pianist-onye na-eso ya, onye na-ese ihe nyere ihe nkiri solo na 1949 Edinburgh Festival, bụrụ abụ na Salzburg Festival nke otu afọ, ma mee na 1950 Edinburgh Festival na Brahms' Rhapsody maka Mezzo-Soprano.

Na onye nduzi a, Ferrier mere mpụta mbụ ya na January 1948 na ala America na otu egwu egwu "Abụ nke Ụwa". Mgbe e nwesịrị egwu egwu na New York, ndị nkatọ egwu kacha mma na United States zara na mpụta mbụ onye nka na-anụ ọkụ n'obi.

Onye na-ese ihe eletala United States ugboro abụọ na njem. Na Machị 1949, ihe nkiri solo mbụ ya mere na New York. N'otu afọ ahụ, Ferrier rụrụ na Canada na Cuba. Ọtụtụ mgbe, onye na-agụ egwú na-eme na mba Scandinavian. Ihe nkiri ya na Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm abụwo nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe niile.

Ferrier na-emekarị na Ememme Egwu Dutch. N'ememme mbụ, na 1948, ọ bụrụ abụ "Abụ nke Ụwa", na n'ememe nke 1949 na 1951 ọ rụrụ akụkụ nke Orpheus, na-eme ka ọha na eze na ndị nta akụkọ nwee mmasị. Na Holland, na July 1949, na nsonye nke onye na-agụ egwú, e mere ihe ngosi mba ụwa nke Britten's "Spring Symphony". Na njedebe nke 40s, ihe ndekọ mbụ nke Ferrier pụtara. Na discography nke onye na-agụ egwú, a dị ịrịba ama ebe a na-eji na ndekọ nke English ọha songs, ịhụnanya nke o mere na ndụ ya dum.

Na June 1950, onye na-agụ egwú so na International Bach Festival na Vienna. Ihe omume mbụ Ferrière mere n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị na mpaghara bụ na Matthew Passion na Musikverein na Vienna.

VV Timokhin na-ede, "Njirimara pụrụ iche nke ụzọ nka Ferrier - ịdị elu dị elu na ịdị mfe amamihe - na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa na nkọwa Bach ya, juputara na omimi dị omimi na mmemme mmụta." - Ferrier nwere mmetụta nke ọma na egwu egwu Bach, mkpa nkà ihe ọmụma ya na ịma mma dị egwu. Site na ụbara nke palette timbre nke olu ya, ọ na-agba ahịrị ụda olu Bach, na-enye ya “multicolor” dị ịtụnanya na, nke kachasị mkpa, “mkpụrụ mmụọ”. Ahịrịokwu Ferrier ọ bụla na-ekpo ọkụ site na mmetụta siri ike - n'ezie, ọ nweghị agwa nke nkwupụta ihunanya mepere emepe. A na-egbochi okwu onye na-agụ egwú mgbe niile, mana enwere otu àgwà dị ịrịba ama na ya - ụbara nke nuances nke uche, nke dị mkpa karịsịa maka egwu Bach. Mgbe Ferrier gosipụtara ọnọdụ mwute n'olu ya, onye na-ege ntị anaghị ahapụ mmetụta na mkpụrụ nke esemokwu dị egwu na-eto n'ime eriri afọ ya. N'otu aka ahụ, mmetụta nke onye na-agụ egwú na-egbuke egbuke, ọṅụ, na-ebuli elu nwere "ụdị dị iche iche" nke ya - ịma jijiji nchegbu, mkpasu iwe, enweghị mmasị.

N'afọ 1952, isi obodo Austria nabatara Ferrier ka ọ rụchara ọrụ dị egwu nke akụkụ mezzo-soprano na Abụ nke Ụwa. N'oge ahụ, onye na-agụ egwú amaralarị na ọ na-arịa ọrịa na-egbu egbu, ike nke ọrụ nkà ya belatara nke ukwuu.

Na February 1953, onye na-agụ egwú nwetara ike ịlaghachi na ogbo nke Covent Garden Theatre, bụ ebe a na-eme Orpheus ọ hụrụ n'anya. Ọ rụrụ naanị n'ime egwuregwu abụọ n'ime anọ ahụ akwadoro, mana, n'agbanyeghị ọrịa ya, ọ mara mma dị ka mgbe niile.

Dị ka ihe atụ, onye nkatọ Winton Dean dere n’akwụkwọ akụkọ Opera banyere ihe omume mbụ e mere na February 3, 1953, sị: “Ịma mma nke olu ya dị ịtụnanya, egwu dị elu na mmasị dị egwu mere ka onye na-agụ egwú tinye isi n’akụkọ ifo Orpheus, kọwaa ya. iru uju nke mfu nke mmadu na ike egwu nile na-emeri. Ọdịdị ogbo Ferrier, na-egosipụtakarị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa n'oge a. N'ozuzu ya, ọ bụ arụmọrụ nke ịma mma na-emetụ n'ahụ nke mere na ọ kpuchiri ndị ọrụ ibe ya kpamkpam.

Ewoo, na October 8, 1953, Ferrier nwụrụ.