Fugato |

ital. fugato, n'ụzọ nkịtị - fugue, fugue-dị ka fugue

Ụdị nṅomi, n'ụzọ e si egosipụta isiokwu ahụ (na-abụkarị mmepe) na-ejikọta fugue (1).

N'adịghị ka fugue, ọ nweghị polyphony egosipụtara nke ọma. reprises; a na-ejikarị dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu dum. Ngosipụta doro anya nke isiokwu ahụ, nṅomi. ntinye nke olu na densification nke nta nke nta nke polyphonic. textures bụ ihe e kere eke. atụmatụ nke P. (P. nwere ike ịkpọ aha naanị ndị na-eṅomi nwere àgwà ndị a; na ha na-anọghị, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "fugue ngosi" mee ihe), F. bụ ụdị nke na-erughị fugue: ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votu ebe a nwere ike ịdị iche iche. (1 - akụkụ nke Taneyev's symphony na c-moll, nọmba 12), isiokwu nwere ike ghara ime na niile olu (mmalite nke Credo si Beethoven's Solemn Mass) ma ọ bụ gosi ozugbo na counterposition (21st Myyaskovsky's symphony, nọmba 1). ); akụkụ quarto-quint nke isiokwu na azịza bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana nhụsianya abụghị ihe ọhụrụ (mmeghe nke omume nke atọ nke Wagner's opera The Nuremberg Mastersingers; akụkụ 3st nke Shostakovich's 1th symphony, nọmba 5-17). F. dị nnọọ iche iche na nhazi. N'ọtụtụ Op. akụkụ kachasị kwụsiri ike nke fugue, ihe ngosi, na-emepụtaghachi, ọzọkwa, otu isi doro anya. mmalite nke F., nke na-ekewapụ ya n'ụzọ doro anya na egwu gara aga, dị iche na njedebe, nke na-adịghị iche na c.-l. aga n'ihu dị iche iche, na-abụkarị ndị na-abụghị polyphonic (ikpeazụ nke piano sonata Nke 19, 6nd ije nke Beethoven's symphony No. 2; hụkwa ihe atụ na kọlụm 1).

Na mgbakwunye na nkwupụta, F. nwere ike ịnwe akụkụ nke yiri akụkụ nke na-emepe emepe nke fugue (ngwụcha nke quartet nke Tchaikovsky Nke 2, nọmba 32), bụ nke a na-agbanwekarị n'ihu na mmepe sonata (akụkụ 1 nke Frank's quartet na D). -duru). Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-akọwa F. dị ka ụlọ na-akwụghị ụgwọ (okpukpu abụọ F. na mmalite nke mmepe nke akụkụ 1 nke Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony: d-moll - a-moll - e-moll - h-moll). Ngwa na F. mgbagwoju anya contrapuntal. usoro na-adịghị ewepu (F. na a nọgidere na-emegide na 1st akụkụ nke Myaskovsky 5th symphony, nọmba 13; stretta na F. "Ka ha mara ihe ike pụtara" site na 2nd omume nke opera "May Night" site Rimsky-Korsakov. ; okpukpu abụọ F. na mmegharị nke abụọ nke egwu egwu Beethoven's 2th, triple F. na overture na opera Die Meistersingers of Nuremberg nke Wagner, mmanya 7, ise F. (fugue) na coda nke ikpeazụ nke Mozart's symphony C-dur. Jupiter), n'agbanyeghị nṅomi dị mfe. ụdị bụ ụkpụrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na a na-amata fugue site na mmepe zuru oke na nka. nnwere onwe nke ihe oyiyi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, F. na-arụ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ngwaahịa ahụ, nke ọ "na-etolite".

Ojiji kachasị nke F. na mmepe sonata: ike. ohere nke nṅomi na-arụ ọrụ iji dozie njedebe nke isiokwu ma ọ bụ ngalaba ọhụrụ; F. nwere ike ịbụ ma na mmeghe (1st akụkụ nke Tchaikovsky 6th symphony), na na Central (1st akụkụ nke Kalinnikov 1st symphony) ma ọ bụ predicate ngalaba nke mmepe (1st akụkụ nke 4th concerto maka piano. na Beethoven Orchestra). ; Ndabere nke isiokwu ahụ bụ ebumnuche doro anya nke akụkụ bụ isi (a na-ahazi isiokwu ndị na-atọ ụtọ nke akụkụ akụkụ ahụ ọtụtụ mgbe).

AK Glazunov. Symphony nke 6. Akụkụ II.

N'ozuzu, F. na-achọta ngwa n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke egwu ahụ. prod .: na ngosi na mmepe nke isiokwu (Allegro na overture na opera "The Magic Flute" nke Mozart; akụkụ bụ isi na overture na opera "The Bartered Bride" nke Smetana), na nwunye (na nwunye) ikpeazụ nke Prokofiev's 5th symphony, nọmba 93), reprise (fp sonata h-moll site Liszt), solo cadence (violin concerto nke Glazunov), na mmalite (1st akụkụ nke 5th eriri nke Glazunov quartet) na coda (1st akụkụ. nke Berlioz's symphony Romeo na Julia), akụkụ etiti nke ụdị akụkụ atọ dị mgbagwoju anya (aria nke Gryaznoy sitere na 1st act of the opera The Tsar's Bride by Rimsky-Korsakov), na rondo (Ọ dịghị 36 si Bach's St. Matthew). Mmasị); n'ụdị F., a pụrụ ikwu operatic leitmotif ("isiokwu nke ndị ụkọchukwu" na mmalite nke opera "Aida" nke Verdi), otu opera ogbo nwere ike wuru (Ọ dịghị 20 s si 3rd omume nke " Prince Igor" nke Borodin dere); mgbe ụfọdụ F. bụ otu n'ime ọdịiche (No. 22 si Bach's Goldberg Variations; chorus "The Wonderful Queen of Heaven" si 3rd omume nke opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" site Rimsky-Korsakov. , nọmba 171); F. dị ka nnwere onwe. otu ibe (JS Bach, BWV 962; AF Gedicke, op. 36 Mba 40) ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke okirikiri (2nd ije nke Hindemith si symphoniette na E) bụ obere. Ụdị F. (ma ọ bụ nso ya) bilitere na mmepụta. ụdị siri ike na njikọ na mmepe nke usoro nṅomi, na-ekpuchi olu niile.

Josquin Despres. Missa sexti toni (super L'homme armé). Mmalite nke Kyrie.

A na-eji F. eme ihe na Op. ndị na-ede egwú 17 - 1st floor. narị afọ nke 18 (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na gigues from instr. suites, na ngalaba ngwa ngwa nke overtures). F. jiri nwayọọ na-eji JS Bach, na-eru, dịka ọmụmaatụ. ruo n'ọgụ ukwe, convexity ihe atụ pụrụ iche na ihe nkiri. okwu (na No. 33 "Sind Blitze, sind Donner na Wolken verschwunden" na na nke 54 "LaЯ ihn kreuzigen" si Matthew Passion). N'ihi na ikwupụta okwu. A na-ekpughere ihe F. pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ngosi homophonic, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke 2nd floor. 18 - arịọ arịrịọ. Narị afọ nke 19 na-eji ọdịiche "chiaroscuro" a mee ihe n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche. F. na instr. prod. Haydn - ụzọ polyphonizing homophonic thematics (nkwụghachi nke akụkụ 1 nke eriri. Quartet op. 50 No 2); Mozart na-ahụ na F. otu n'ime ụzọ na-eweta sonata na fugue nso (ngwụcha nke G-dur quartet, K.-V. 387); Ọrụ F. na-abawanye nke ukwuu na Op. Beethoven, nke bụ n'ihi ọchịchọ nke onye na-ede egwú maka polyphonization n'ozuzu nke ụdị (okpukpu abụọ F. na nkwụghachi nke akụkụ nke abụọ nke egwu egwu nke atọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka mmalite dị egwu). F. na Mozart na Beethoven bụ ihe dị mkpa na usoro polyphonic. ngosipụta nke na-etolite "ụdị polyphonic buru ibu" n'ogo nke otu mmegharị (fugueed isi na akụkụ akụkụ na ngosipụta, akụkụ nke mmeghachi azụ, mmepe nṅomi, stretta coda na njedebe nke G-dur quartet, K.-V). .2 Mozart) ma ọ bụ okirikiri (F. na 3st, 387nd na 1th mmegharị nke 2th symphony, F. na 4st ije, kwekọrọ na fugue ikpeazụ, na Beethoven si piano sonata No 9). Nna-ukwu nke narị afọ nke 1, na-emepụta mmepụta ihe nke ndị nnọchianya nke kpochapụwo Viennese. ụlọ akwụkwọ, sụgharịa F. n'ụzọ ọhụrụ - na usoro nke software ("Agha" na ntinye nke "Romeo na Julia" site Berlioz), genre (ikpeazụ nke 29st omume nke opera "Carmen" site Bizet), pictorial ( blizzard na njedebe nke 19th. nke opera Ivan Susanin nke Glinka) na ihe osise dị egwu (foto nke ọhịa na-eto eto na 1rd omume nke opera The Snow Maiden site Rimsky-Korsakov, nọmba 4), jupụta F. na a ihe atụ ọhụrụ pụtara, na-akọwa ya dị ka ngosipụta nke mmụọ ọjọọ. mmalite (akụkụ "Mephistopheles" sitere na Liszt's Faust Symphony), dị ka ngosipụta nke ntụgharị uche (mmeghe nke opera Faust nke Gounod; iwebata omume nke atọ nke opera Die Meistersingers Nuremberg nke Wagner), dị ka ezi uche. foto nke ndụ ndị mmadụ (mmeghe nke 3st scene nke okwu mmalite nke opera "Boris Godunov" nke Mussorgsky). F. na-achọta ngwa dị iche iche n'etiti ndị na-ede egwú nke narị afọ nke 253. (R. Strauss, P. Hindemith, SV Rakhmaninov, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich na ndị ọzọ).

References: hụ n'okpuru Art. Fugue.

VP Frayonov