Eugen Arturovich Kapp |
Eugen Kapp
“Egwu bụ ndụ m…” N'okwu ndị a E. Kapp na-egosipụta nkwenye okike n'ụzọ kacha nkenke. N'ịtụgharị uche n'ebumnobi na isi ihe nka egwu egwu, o kwusiri ike; na "egwu na-enye anyị ohere igosipụta ịdị ukwuu nke echiche nke oge anyị, ọgaranya niile nke eziokwu. Egwú bụ ụzọ magburu onwe ya e ji akụziri ndị mmadụ omume ọma. Kapp arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ opera 6, ballet 2, operetta, ọrụ 23 maka otu egwu egwu egwu, 7 cantatas na oratorios, ihe dị ka egwu 300. Ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu na-anọ ebe dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya.
Ezinụlọ Kapp nke ndị egwu abụwo onye ndu na ndụ egwu Estonia ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. Nna nna Eugen, Issep Kapp, bụ onye nhazi na onye nduzi. Nna - Arthur Kapp, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na St. Petersburg Conservatory na organ class na Prọfesọ L. Gomilius na nchịkọta ya na N. Rimsky-Korsakov, kwagara Astrakhan, bụ ebe ọ na-eduzi alaka mpaghara nke Russian Musical Society. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu. N'ebe ahụ, na Astrakhan, a mụrụ Eugen Kapp. Nkà egwu nwa nwoke ahụ gosipụtara onwe ya n'oge. N'ịmụ ịkpọ piano, ọ na-eme mgbalị mbụ ya ide egwu. Igwe egwu egwu nke chịrị n'ụlọ ahụ, nzukọ Eugen na A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, bụ ndị bịara njem nleta, nleta mgbe nile na ihe nkiri opera na ihe nkiri - ihe a nile nyere aka na nhazi nke ọdịnihu. onye na-ede ihe.
Na 1920, A. Kapp kpọrọ òkù dị ka onye nduzi nke Estonia Opera House (dịtụ ka e mesịrị - prọfesọ na conservatory), na ezinụlọ kwagara Tallinn. Eugen nọrọ ọtụtụ awa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, n'akụkụ oche nna ya, na-esochi ihe niile na-eme gburugburu. Na 1922, E. Kapp banyere Tallinn Conservatory na klas piano nke Prọfesọ P. Ramul, e mesịa T. Lembn. Ma nwa okorobịa ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị karị na ihe mejupụtara ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, o dere nnukwu ọrụ mbụ ya - Iri dị iche iche maka Piano na isiokwu nke nna ya setịpụrụ. Kemgbe 1926, Eugen bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Tallinn Conservatory na klas nke nna ya mejupụtara. Dị ka ọrụ diplọma na njedebe nke ụlọ nchekwa ahụ, o gosipụtara uri egwu "Onye ọbọ" (1931) na Piano Trio.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nchekwa, Kapp na-aga n'ihu na-ede egwu nke ọma. Kemgbe 1936, ọ na-ejikọta ọrụ okike na nkuzi: ọ na-akụzi usoro egwu na Tallinn Conservatory. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1941, Kapp nwetara ọrụ nsọpụrụ nke ịmepụta ballet mbụ nke Estonia nke dabeere na mba Epic Kalevipoeg (Nwa Kalev, na libre site A. Syarev). Ka ọ na-erule ná mmalite nke okpomọkụ nke 1941, e dere clavier nke ballet, na onye na-ede egwú malitere ịhazi ya, ma agha mberede nke malitere kwụsịrị ọrụ ahụ. Isi isiokwu dị na ọrụ Kapp bụ isiokwu nke Motherland: o dere Symphony Mbụ ("Patriotic", 1943), Violin Sonata nke Abụọ (1943), ndị ukwe "Native Country" (1942, art. J. Kärner), "Ọrụ na mgba" (1944, St. P. Rummo), "Ị nagidere oké ifufe" (1944, st. J. Kyarner), wdg.
Na 1945 Kapp dechara opera mbụ ya The Fires of Vengeance (libre P. Rummo). Omume ya na-ewere ọnọdụ na narị afọ 1944, n'oge ọgba aghara dị egwu nke ndị Estonia megide Teutonic Knights. Na njedebe nke agha na Estonia, Kapp dere "Victory March" maka brass band (1948), nke dara mgbe Estonia corps banyere Tallinn. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Tallinn, isi ihe na-eche Kapp bụ ịchọta clavier nke ballet ya Kalevipoeg, nke fọdụrụ n'obodo ahụ ndị Nazi bi. Afọ niile nke agha ahụ, onye na-ede egwú na-echegbu onwe ya banyere ọdịnihu ya. Kedu ihe obi ụtọ Kapp nwere mgbe ọ matara na ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi a zọpụtara clavier! Malite imecha ballet ahụ, onye na-ede egwú lere anya ọhụrụ na ọrụ ya. O kwusiri ike n'ụzọ doro anya isi isiokwu nke akụkọ - mgba nke ndị Estonia maka nnwere onwe ha. N'iji egwu mbụ, nke mbụ Estonia, o jiri aghụghọ kpughee ụwa dị n'ime nke agwa ndị ahụ. Ballet malitere na 10 na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Estonia. "Kalevipoeg" aghọwo ihe kacha amasị ndị na-ege Estonia. Kapp kwuru otu oge, sị: "Ndị mmadụ nyere ike ha, ndụ ha maka mmeri nke nnukwu echiche nke ọganihu ọha na-amasị m mgbe niile. Mmasị maka ndị a pụtara ìhè abụwo ma na-achọ ụzọ mgbapụ na okike. Echiche a nke onye na-ese ihe dị ịrịba ama gụnyere n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Maka ncheta afọ 1950 nke Soviet Estonia, Kapp dere opera The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952 mbipụta 100, libre P. Rummo). A raara ya nye na ebe nchekwa onye na-ede uri Estonia a ma ama J. Syutiste. N'ịbụ ndị ndị Fasist German tụbara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, onye a ji obi ike na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, dị ka M. Jalil, dere abụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akpọ ndị mmadụ ka ha lụso ndị agha Fasisti ọgụ ọgụ. N'ịbụ onye na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke S. Allende, Kapp raara onwe ya nye requiem cantata Over the Andes maka nwoke na-agụ egwú na onye na-agụ egwú na ebe nchekwa ya. N'ememe ncheta nke iri abụọ nke ọmụmụ nke onye na-eme mgbanwe a ma ama X. Pegelman, Kapp dere abụ "Let the Hammers Knock" dabere na uri ya.
Na 1975, opera Kapp Rembrandt mere na Vanemuine Theatre. "N'ime opera Rembrandt," onye dere ya dere, "Achọrọ m igosi ọdachi nke mgba nke onye na-ese ihe na-egbuke egbuke na ụwa nke na-achọ ọdịmma onwe ya nanị na anyaukwu, nhụjuanya nke ịbụ ohu okike, mmegbu ime mmụọ." Kapp raara onwe ya nye oratorio Ernst Telman (60, nka M. Kesamaa) na emume ncheta afọ 1977 nke Great October Revolution.
Ibe pụrụ iche n'ọrụ Kapp bụ ọrụ maka ụmụaka - operas The Winter's Tale (1958), The Extraordinary Miracle (1984, dabere na akụkọ ifo nke GX Andersen), The Most Incredible, ballet The Golden Spinners. (1956), operetta "Assol" (1966), egwu" Cornflower ọrụ ebube" (1982), yana ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ. Otu n'ime ọrụ nke afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya bụ "Welcome Overture" (1983), cantata "Victory" (na ọdụ M. Kesamaa, 1983), Concerto for cello and chamber orchestra (1986), wdg.
N'ime ogologo ndụ ya niile, Kapp ejedebeghị onwe ya na imepụta egwu. Prọfesọ na Tallinn Conservatory, ọ zụrụ ndị na-ede egwú a ma ama dị ka E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipand na ndị ọzọ.
Ihe omume mmekọrịta Kapp nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka otu n'ime ndị nhazi nke Estonia Composers' Union na ruo ọtụtụ afọ bụ onyeisi oche nke bọọdụ ya.
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