Erich Kleiber |

Eric Kleiber

"Ọrụ Erich Kleiber ka dị anya site n'isi, atụmanya ya edoghị anya, na ma nwoke a na-agba aghara n'ọganihu ya na-enweghị atụ ọ ga-eru na njedebe," ka onye nkatọ German bụ Adolf Weismann dere na 1825, bụ́ nke tụrụ ya n'anya nke ukwuu na phenomenal ịrị elu nke onye na-ese ihe, bụ onye n'oge a na-eje ozi dị ka "General Music director" nke Berlin State Opera. Ma n'ụzọ ziri ezi, e nwere ihe mere nkatọ ga-adaba na mgbagwoju anya mgbe ị na-ele ụzọ Kleiber dị mkpụmkpụ ma dị ngwa. Obi ike pụrụ iche nke onye na-ese ihe, mkpebi siri ike na nkwụsi ike ya n'imeri ihe isi ike, na-abịaru nso n'ọrụ ọhụrụ masịrị m.

Onye amaala Vienna, Kleiber gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Prague Conservatory ma were ya dị ka onye na-enyere aka na opera ụlọ. Nke a bụ ihe onye ọrụ ibe ya Georg Sebastian na-agwa banyere nzọụkwụ mbụ nke onye na-ese ihe nwere onwe ya: "Ozugbo Erich Kleiber (n'oge ahụ ọ na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ) ga-anọchi anya onye nduzi na-arịa ọrịa mberede nke Prague Opera na Wagner's The Flying Dutchman. Mgbe o rutere n'etiti akara ahụ, ọ pụtara na ihe dị ka ibe iri na ise jikọtara ọnụ. Ụfọdụ ndị nwere anyaụfụ (ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na-ejupụtakarị na ha) chọrọ ka ha na otu nwa okorobịa nwere nkà gwurie egwu egwu. Otú ọ dị, anyaụfụ ahụ akọwahiere ya. Njakịrị ahụ arụghị ọrụ. Onye nduzi na-eto eto tụbara akara ahụ n'ala na nkụda mmụọ wee rụọ ọrụ ahụ dum site n'obi. N'uhuruchi ahụ a na-echefu echefu bụ mmalite nke ọrụ mara mma nke Erich Kleiber, bụ onye n'oge na-adịghị anya nwere mpako na Europe n'akụkụ Otto Klemperer na Bruno Walter. Mgbe ihe omume a gachara, e megharịrị "akụkọ egwu" Kleiber site na 1912 site na ọrụ na ụlọ opera nke Darmstadt, Elberfeld, Düsseldorf, Mannheim, na, n'ikpeazụ, na 1923 ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Berlin. Oge ọ nọ n'isi nke Opera State bụ oge magburu onwe ya na ndụ ya. N'okpuru nduzi nke Kleiber, a na-ahụ rampụ mbụ ebe a, ọtụtụ opera ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ịrịba ama, gụnyere Wozzeck nke A. Berg na Christopher Columbus nke D. Milhaud, ihe ngosi German nke Jenufa nke Janacek, nke Stravinsky, Krenek na ndị ọzọ na-ede egwú mere. . Ma na nke a, Klaiber nyekwara amamiihe atụ nke nkọwa nke oge gboo operas, karịsịa Beethoven, Mozart, Verdi, Rossini, R. Strauss na adịkarịghị rụrụ ọrụ Weber, Schubert, Wagner ("Amachibidoro Lovehụnanya"), Lorzing ("The The Forbidden Love"). Onye na-achụ anụ"). Na ndị mere na-anụ operettas nke Johann Strauss n'okpuru nduzi ya, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi nọgidere na-agaghị echefu echefu mmetụta nke ndị a arụmọrụ, jupụtara freshness na nobility.

Ọ bụghị nanị na-arụ ọrụ na Berlin, Kleiber n'oge ahụ ngwa ngwa meriri ụwa a ma ama, na-eme njem na isi ebe niile nke Europe na America. Na 1927, ọ bịara mbụ na USSR na ozugbo merie ọmịiko nke Soviet ege ntị. Ọrụ Haydn, Schumann, Weber, Respighi mere na mmemme Kleiber, ọ duziri Carmen na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Otu n'ime ihe nkiri onye na-ese ihe na-etinye kpamkpam na egwu Russia - ọrụ Tchaikovsky, Scriabin, Stravinsky. “Ọ tụgharịrị,” ka onye nkatọ ahụ dere, “na Kleiber, na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye na-egwu egwu mara mma nke nwere nkà ịgba egwu mara mma, nwere akụkụ ahụ nke ọtụtụ ndị ama ama enweghị: ikike ịbanye na mmụọ nke ọdịnala ụda mba ọzọ. N'ihi ikike a, Kleiber nwetara akara ngosi ọ họọrọ nke ọma, na-ama ha ruo n'ókè nke na ọ dị ka a ga-asị na anyị na-eche ndị nduzi Russia pụtara ìhè ihu na ogbo ahụ.

N'ikpeazụ, Klaiber na-ejikarị mmemme dị iche iche eme ihe na obodo anyị ma nwee ọganiihu kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe niile. Oge ikpeazụ ọ gara USSR bụ na 1936, mgbe ọ hapụrụ Nazi Germany. N'oge na-adịghị anya, omenka biri na South America ruo ogologo oge. Ebe etiti ọrụ ya bụ Buenos Aires, ebe Klaiber nwere otu ebe a ma ama na ndụ egwu dịka na Berlin, na-eduzi ihe ngosi mgbe niile na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Colon na ọtụtụ egwu egwu. Ebe ọ bụ na 1943 ọ na-arụ ọrụ na isi obodo nke Cuba - Havana. Na 1948, musician laghachiri Europe. Ndị isi obodo lụrụ ọgụ n'ezie iji nweta Klaiber dị ka onye nduzi na-adịgide adịgide. Ma ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye ọbịa onye na-egwu egwu, na-eme ihe niile na kọntinent ahụ, na-ekere òkè na ememme egwu egwu niile - site na Edinburgh ruo Prague. Kleiber nyere egwu ugboro ugboro na German Democratic Republic, obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, o mere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri kachasị amasị ya - German State Opera na Berlin, yana Dresden.

A na-ejide ọkụ na ọrụ ịhụnanya ndụ nke Erich Kleiber n'ọtụtụ ndekọ gramophone; N'ime ọrụ ndị o dekọrọ bụ operas The Free Gunner, The Cavalier of the Roses na ọtụtụ ọrụ egwu egwu. Dị ka ha si kwuo, onye na-ege ntị nwere ike ịghọta njirimara kachasị mma nke nkà onye na-ese ihe - nghọta miri emi ya n'ime ihe dị mkpa nke ọrụ ahụ, ọdịdị ọdịdị ya, njedebe kachasị mma nke nkọwa, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke echiche ya na ikike ya iji nweta mmejuputa ha.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek