Carlo Maria Giulini |
Carlo Maria Giulini
Ọ bụ ndụ ogologo na ebube. Juputara na mmeri, ngosipụta nke obi ekele sitere n'aka ndị na-ege ntị nwere ekele, kamakwa ọmụmụ ihe na-aga n'ihu nke akara, ntinye uche nke mmụọ kachasị. Carlo Maria Giulini dịrị ndụ ihe karịrị afọ iri itoolu.
Nhazi nke Giulini dị ka onye na-egwu egwu, na-enweghị ikwubiga okwu ókè, "na-anabata" Italy dum: ala mara mma, dị ka ị maara, dị ogologo ma dị warara. A mụrụ ya na Barletta, obere obodo dị na mpaghara ndịda Puglia (boot ikiri ụkwụ) na May 9, 1914. Ma site na nwata, ndụ ya jikọtara ya na "oke" Italian n'ebe ugwu: mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. Onye nduzi n'ọdịnihu malitere ịmụ violin na Bolzano. Ugbu a ọ bụ Italy, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ Austria-Hungary. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara Rom, bụ ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ na Academy of Santa Cecilia, na-amụta ịkụ viola. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ese ihe nke Augusteum Orchestra, ọmarịcha ụlọ egwu Roman. Dị ka onye òtù egwú nke Augusteum, o nwere ohere - na obi ụtọ - iji soro ndị nduzi dịka Wilhelm Furtwängler, Erich Kleiber, Victor De Sabata, Antonio Guarnieri, Otto Klemperer, Bruno Walter gwuo egwu. Ọbụna ọ na-egwuri n'okpuru baton nke Igor Stravinsky na Richard Strauss. N'otu oge ahụ ọ mụtara na-eduzi na Bernardo Molinari. Ọ natara diplọma ya n'oge siri ike, na elu nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na 1941. Mpụta mbụ ya na-egbu oge: ọ nwere ike iguzo n'azụ console naanị afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, na 1944. Enyere ya ihe ọ bụla na-erughị ala mbụ concert na Rome tọhapụrụ.
Giulini kwuru, sị: "Nkuzi ọmụmụ ihe na-achọ ngwa ngwa, ịkpachara anya, owu ọmụma na ịgbachi nkịtị." Fate kwụghachiri ya ụgwọ maka ịdị mkpa nke àgwà ya na nka ya, maka enweghị ihe efu. N'afọ 1950, Giulini kwagara Milan: ndụ ya dum ga-ejikọta ya na isi obodo ugwu. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, De Sabata kpọrọ ya òkù ka ọ gaa na Radio na Television Italian na Conservatory Milan. Ekele maka otu De Sabate ahụ, ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ihe nkiri La Scala meghere n'ihu onye nduzi na-eto eto. Mgbe nsogbu obi ruru De Sabata na Septemba 1953, Giulini nọchiri ya dị ka onye nduzi egwu. Enyere ya ohere mmeghe nke oge (ya na opera Catalani nke Valli). Giulini ga-anọgide dị ka onye nduzi egwu nke ụlọ nsọ Milanese nke opera ruo 1955.
Giulini bụkwa onye ama ama dị ka opera na onye na-eduzi egwu egwu, mana ọrụ ya na ikike mbụ na-ekpuchi obere oge. Na 1968 ọ ga-ahapụ opera ma laghachi na ya naanị mgbe ụfọdụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri na Los Angeles na 1982 mgbe ọ ga-eduzi Verdi's Falstaff. Ọ bụ ezie na mmepụta opera ya dị ntakịrị, ọ ka bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado nkọwa egwu nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ: ezuola icheta De Falla's A Short Life na The Italian Girl in Algiers. N'ịnụ Giulini, o doro anya ebe izi ezi na nghọta nke nkọwa Claudio Abbado si.
Giulini duziri ọtụtụ opera Verdi, na-elebara egwu Russia anya nke ukwuu, ma hụ ndị edemede nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ n'anya. Ọ bụ ya mere Barber nke Seville, rụrụ na 1954 na telivishọn Milan. Maria Callas rubere isi n'egwu anwansi ya (na La Traviata a ma ama nke Luchino Visconti duziri). Onye isi nduzi na nnukwu onye nduzi zutere na mmepụta nke Don Carlos na Covent Ganden na The Marriage of Figaro na Rome. Opera nke Giulini mere gụnyere Monteverdi's Coronation of Poppea, Gluck's Alcesta, Weber's The Free Gunner, Cilea's Adrienne Lecouvreur, Stravinsky's The Marriage, na Bartók's Castle of Duke Bluebeard. Mmasị ya dị nnọọ ukwuu nke ukwuu, egwu egwu egwu ya bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta n'ezie, ndụ okike ya dị ogologo na ihe omume.
Giulini mere na La Scala ruo 1997 - operas iri na atọ, otu ballet na egwu iri ise. Ebe ọ bụ na 1968, ọ na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa site na egwu egwu. Ndị egwu egwu niile dị na Europe na America chọrọ ka ha na ya gwurie egwu. Mpụta mbụ America ya bụ na 1955 ya na ndị egwu egwu Chicago Symphony. Site na 1976 ruo 1984, Giulini bụ onye nduzi na-adịgide adịgide nke Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. Na Europe ọ bụ onye isi nduzi nke Vienna Symphony Orchestra site na 1973 ruo 1976 na, na mgbakwunye, ọ na-egwuri egwu na ndị ọzọ niile ama ama.
Ndị hụrụ Giulini na kọmitii njikwa na-ekwu na mmegharị ahụ ya bụ nke elementrị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị isi. Maestro esoghị na ndị na-eme ihe ngosi, bụ ndị hụrụ onwe ha n'anya nke ukwuu na egwu karịa egwu n'ime onwe ha. Ọ sịrị: “Egwu dị n’akwụkwọ anwụọla. Ọrụ anyị abụghị ihe ọzọ karịa ịgbalị ịtụte mgbakọ na mwepụ nke akara a na-enweghị ntụpọ. Giulini weere onwe ya dị ka ohu onye na-ede egwú na-arụsi ọrụ ike: "Ịsụgharị bụ omume obi umeala n'ebe onye na-ede egwú nọ."
Ọtụtụ mmeri atụgharịghị isi ya. N'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya, ndị ọha na eze Paris nyere Giulini ekele dị ukwuu maka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke elekere maka Verdi's Requiem, bụ nke Maestro kwuru nanị: "Enwere m nnọọ obi ụtọ na m nwere ike inye ntakịrị ịhụnanya site na egwu."
Carlo Maria Giulini nwụrụ na Brescia na June 14, 2005. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, Simon Rattle kwuru, "Olee otu m ga-esi eduzi Brahms mgbe Giulini duchara ya"?
