Arthur Honegger |

Arthur Honegger

Honegger bụ nnukwu nna ukwu, otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere echiche nke ịdị ebube. E. Jourdan-Morange

Onye na-ede egwú French pụtara ìhè A. Honegger bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-aga n'ihu n'oge anyị. Ndụ dum nke onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-eche echiche bụ ọrụ maka nka ọ hụrụ n'anya. O nyere ya ikike dị iche iche na ike ya ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40. Mmalite nke onye na-ede egwú malitere n'afọ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọrụ ikpeazụ e dere na 1952-53. Peru Honegger nwere ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise, yana ọtụtụ akụkọ dị egwu gbasara okwu dị iche iche na-ere ọkụ nke nka egwu nke oge a.

Onye amaala Le Havre, Honegger nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ntorobịa ya na Switzerland, ala nna nke nne na nna ya. Ọ gụrụ egwu site na nwata, ma ọ bụghị n'usoro, ma na Zurich ma ọ bụ na Le Havre. N'ezie, ọ malitere ịmụ ihe mejupụtara mgbe ọ dị afọ 18 na Paris Conservatory na A. Gedalzh (onye nkuzi M. Ravel). N'ebe a, onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu zutere D. Milhaud, bụ onye, ​​dị ka Honegger si kwuo, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ya, nyere aka n'ịmepụta mmasị na mmasị ya na egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Ụzọ okike nke onye na-ede egwú siri ike. Na mmalite 20s. ọ banyere n'òtù ihe okike nke ndị egwu egwu, nke ndị nkatọ na-akpọ "French Six" (dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị òtù ya). Ọnụnọ Honegger n'ime obodo a nyere nnukwu mkpali na ngosipụta nke echiche echiche na nka nka n'ọrụ ya. Ọ kwụrụ ụtụ ama ama maka constructivism na akụkụ egwu egwu ya Pacific 231 (1923). Ọrụ mbụ ya so na ihe ịga nke ọma na-akpali akpali, na ọrụ ahụ nwetara ama ama ama n'etiti ndị hụrụ ụdị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ ọ bụla n'anya. Honegger dere, "Akpọrọ m akụkụ Symphonic Movement na mbụ. “Ma… mgbe m mechara akara ahụ, akpọrọ m ya Pacific 231. Nke a bụ ụdị ụgbọ oloko ụgbọ elu nke ga-eduga ụgbọ oloko dị arọ”… A na-egosipụtakwa mmasị Honegger maka ime obodo na constructivism n'ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke oge a: na foto symphonic “ Rugby" na "Symphonic Movement No. 3".

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị njikọ okike na "isii", a na-amata onye na-ede egwú mgbe nile site na nnwere onwe nke echiche nkà, nke mesịrị kpebie isi usoro mmepe nke ọrụ ya. Ugbua na etiti-20s. Honegger malitere ịmepụta ọrụ ya kachasị mma, nke nwere oke mmadụ na onye kwuo uche ya. Ihe e ji ama ama bụ oratorio “Eze Devid”. Ọ meghere ogologo agbụ nke ụda olu ya na egwu egwu egwu "Oku nke Ụwa", "Judith", "Antigone", "Joan nke Arc nọ n'elu osisi", "Dance nke Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ". N'ime ọrụ ndị a, Honegger n'onwe ya na n'otu n'otu na-agbagha usoro dị iche iche na nka nke oge ya, na-agbalịsi ike itinye ụkpụrụ omume dị elu nke bara uru zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ihi ya, mkpesa nke oge ochie, Akwụkwọ Nsọ na nke ochie.

Ọrụ kacha mma nke Honegger agafeela ọkwa kachasị ukwuu nke ụwa, na-adọta ndị na-ege ntị na nchapụta mmetụta uche na ịdị ọhụrụ nke asụsụ egwu. Onye na-ede egwú n'onwe ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ mba na Europe na America. Na 1928 ọ gara Leningrad. N'ebe a, e guzobere mmekọrịta enyi na enyi n'etiti Honegger na ndị egwu Soviet, na karịsịa na D. Shostakovich.

N'ọrụ ya, Honegger na-achọ ọ bụghị naanị maka atụmatụ ọhụrụ na ụdị, kamakwa maka onye na-ege ntị ọhụrụ. "Egwu ga-agbanwe ọha na eze ma na-adọrọ mmasị ọha mmadụ," ka onye dere ya rụrụ ụka. "Ma maka nke a, ọ kwesịrị ịgbanwe àgwà ya, dị mfe, enweghị mgbagwoju anya na n'ụdị buru ibu. Ndị mmadụ enweghị mmasị na usoro onye na-ede ihe na nyocha. Nke a bụ ụdị egwu m gbalịrị inye na "Jeanne na osisi". Agbalịrị m ka ndị na-ege ntị na-ege ntị na-ege ntị ma na-adọrọ mmasị maka onye na-agụ egwú. "

Ọchịchọ onye kwuo uche ya nke onye na-ede egwú nwetara ngosipụta n'ọrụ ya n'ụdị egwu na nke etinyere ya. Ọ na-ede ọtụtụ ihe maka sinima, redio, ihe nkiri ihe nkiri. Ịghọ na 1935 onye otu French People's Music Federation, Honegger, ya na ndị ọzọ na-egwu egwu na-aga n'ihu, sonyeere n'ọkwa nke anti-fascist Popular Front. N'ime afọ ndị a, o dere uka songs, mere mmegharị nke ndị mmadụ songs, sonye na musical ndokwa nke arụmọrụ na style of uka festivities nke Great French mgbanwe. Ọganihu kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọrụ Honegger bụ ọrụ ya n'ime afọ ọjọọ nke ọrụ fasizim nke France. Onye so n'òtù mmegide ahụ, o meziri ọtụtụ ọrụ nke ọdịnaya nke ịhụ mba n'anya. Ndị a bụ Symphony nke Abụọ, Abụ nke nnwere onwe na egwu maka ihe ngosi redio Beats of the World. Tinyere ụda olu na okike okike, egwu egwu 5 ya sokwa na mmezu kachasị elu nke onye dere ya. Edere ndị ikpeazụ n'ime ha n'okpuru echiche kpọmkwem nke ihe omume ọjọọ nke agha ahụ. N'ịkọ banyere nsogbu ndị na-ere ọkụ n'oge anyị, ha ghọrọ nnukwu onyinye maka mmepe nke ụdị symphonic nke narị afọ nke XNUMX.

Honegger kpughere credo okike ya ọ bụghị naanị na imepụta egwu, kamakwa na ọrụ edemede: o dere akwụkwọ egwu 3 na enweghị akụkọ ifo. Site n'ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche na ihe nketa dị egwu nke onye na-ede egwú, nsogbu nke egwu oge a na mkpa ọha na eze dị n'etiti ebe. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, onye na-ede egwú nwetara nkwanye ùgwù zuru ụwa ọnụ, bụ dọkịta na-asọpụrụ na Mahadum Zurich, ma na-eduzi ọtụtụ òtù egwu egwu mba ụwa.

I. Vetlitsyna

Ngwakọta:

opera – Judith (ihe nkiri nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, 1925, 2nd ed., 1936), Antigone (ọdachi egwu, lib. J. Cocteau mgbe Sophocles gasịrị, 1927, tr “De la Monnaie”, Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon, ya na G. Iber, dabere na ihe nkiri nke E. Rostand, 1935, nke e debere na 1937, Monte Carlo), ballet – Eziokwu bụ ụgha (Vèritè – mensonge, puppet ballet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Fantasy (Phantasie, ballet- sketch). . isiokwu nke "French Suites" nke Bach, 1922, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1924, post. 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1928, Paris), The White Bird Has Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​maka ememme ụgbọ elu, 1930, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Abụ nke Abụ (Le cantique des cantiques, 1931, Grand Opera, Paris), Ọmụmụ Agba (La naissance des couleurs, 1933, ibid.), Oku nke ugwu (L'appel de la montagne, 1935, post. 1937, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (ya na A. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1938, Monte Carlo), Nwoke nọ na agụ owuru. Akpụkpọ anụ (L'homme a la peau de lèopard, 1940); operetta – The Adventures of King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr “Buff-Parisien”, Paris), Mma si Moudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr “Jora”, Mézières), Baby Cardinal (Les petites Kadịnal , na J. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); ogbo oratorios – Eze David (Le roi David, dabere na ihe nkiri nke R. Moraks, mbipụta nke mbụ – Abụ Ọma Symphonic, 1, tr “Zhora”, Mezieres; mbipụta nke abụọ – oratorio dị egwu, 1921; mbipụta nke atọ – opera -oratorio, 2, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1923, biputere. 3, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1924), dramatic oratorio Joan of Arc at the stake (Jeanne d'Arc au bucher, ederede nke P. Claudel, 1929, Spanish 1931, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, ederede nke Claudel, 1931), akụkọ ihe mere eme Nicolas de Flue (1935, post. 1938, Neuchâtel), Christmas Cantata (Une cantate de Noel). , n’akwụkwọ nsọ na akwụkwọ ndị mmadụ, 1938); maka orchestra - 5 Symphonies (nke mbụ, 1930; nke abụọ, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Basel pleasures, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, symphony of three res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude na ihe nkiri "Aglavena na Selisette" Maeluter pour ”Aglavaine et Sèlysette”, 1917), Abụ nke Nigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), The Legend of the Games of the World (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d’ètè). . ), Rugby (Rugby, 1920) , Symphonic ije No 1921 (Mouvement symphonique No1923, 1923), Suite from the music for the film "Les Misérables" ("Les misérables", 231), Nocturne (231), Serenade Angélique (Sèrènade). wụ Angèlique, 1923), Suite archaique (Suite archaique , 1928), Monopartita (Monopartita, 3); concerts na ndị egwú - concertino maka piano (1924), maka Volch. (1929), ụlọ concerto maka ọjà, Bekee. mpi na eriri. orc. (1948); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - 2 sonatas maka Skr. na fp. (1918, 1919), sonata maka viola na piano. (1920), sonata maka vlc. na fp. (1920), sonatina maka 2 Skr. (1920), sonatina maka clarinet na piano. (1922), sonatina maka Skr. na VC. (1932), 3 eriri. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody maka ọjà abụọ, clarinet na piano. (2), Ukwe maka eriri iri (1917), 10 counterpoints maka piccolo, oboe, skr. na VC. (1920), Prelude and Blues for harp quartet (3); maka piano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata na Variations (1916), 3 iberibe (Prelude, Nraranye nye Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), 7 iberibe (1920), Sarabande si album "isii" ( 1920), Akwụkwọ ndekọ Switzerland (Cahier Romand, 1923), Nraranye nye Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (maka 2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso na fughetta na isiokwu BACH (1932), Partita ( maka 2 fp., 1940), 2 eserese (1943), Ncheta Chopin (Ihe ncheta de Chopm, 1947); maka solo violin - sonata (1940); maka akụkụ – fugue na chorale (1917), maka ọjà – Egwu ewu (Danse de la chevre, 1919); romances na egwu, gụnyere na-esote G. Apollinaire, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure na ndị ọzọ; egwu maka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri - Akụkọ Ochie nke Egwuregwu nke Ụwa (P. Meralya, 1918), Dance of Death (C. Larronda, 1919), Ndị lụrụ ọhụrụ na Eiffel Tower (Cocteau, 1921), Saul (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles – Cocteau, 1922), Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), July 14 (R. Rolland; ya na ndị ọzọ dere, 1936), Silk slipper (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus - A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare - Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles - A. Abụọ, 1947), Steeti Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Site n'ịhụnanya ha anaghị eme egwuregwu (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus the King (Sophocles - T. Molniera, 1952); egwu maka redio - strok iri na abụọ n'etiti abalị (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery for choir and orc., 12), Radio panorama (1933), Christopher Columbus (V. Age, radio oratorio, 1935), iti nke ụwa ( Battements du monde, Age, 1940), The Golden Head (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1944), St. Francis nke Assisi (Age, 1948), Aja mgbaghara mmehie nke François Villon (J. Bruire, 1949); egwu maka ihe nkiri (35), gụnyere "Mpụ na ntaramahụhụ" (dị ka FM Dostoevsky), "Les Misérables" (dị ka V. Hugo si kwuo), "Pygmalion" (dị ka B. Shaw si kwuo), "Abduction" (dị ka Sh. F. Ramyu), "Captain Fracas" (dị ka T. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Flight n'elu Atlantic".

Ọrụ edemede: Incantation aux fossiles, Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (nsụgharị Russian – Abụ m onye na-ede egwú, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Foto. Documente, Z., (1957).

References: Shneerson GM, egwu French nke narị afọ XX, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony gbasara agha na udo, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; ya, Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke A. Honegger's Harmony, na Sat: Nsogbu nke Ọnọdụ, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratorio nke A. Honegger "Joan nke Arc nọ n'elu osisi", na mkpokọta: Site na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu mba ọzọ, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Ụfọdụ ajụjụ nke A. Honegger's symphonism, na nchịkọta: Site na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu mba ọzọ, M., 1971; nke ya, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; Pavchinsky S, ọrụ Symphonic nke A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; Gerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et nwa oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (Nsụgharị Russian nke iberibe - Dumesnil R., Ndị na-ede French nke oge a nke otu isii, ed. na isiokwu mmeghe M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme na nwa oeuvre, P., 1964.