Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Ọrụ nke A. Balanchivadze, onye na-ede egwú Georgia pụtara ìhè, aghọwo ibe na-egbuke egbuke na mmepe nke omenala egwu mba. N'aha ya, ọtụtụ ihe gbasara egwu ọkachamara Georgian pụtara na nke mbụ. Nke a na-emetụta ndị dị otú ahụ Genres dị ka ballet, piano concerto, "n'ọrụ ya, Georgian symphonic echiche maka oge mbụ pụtara n'ụdị dị otú ahụ zuru okè, na ndị dị otú ahụ oge gboo mfe" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze welitere otu ụyọkọ kpakpando nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke mba ahụ, n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili na ndị ọzọ.

Balanchivadze mụrụ na St. Petersburg. “Nna m, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, bụ ọkachamara n'ịgba egwu… Amalitere m idepụta mgbe m dị afọ asatọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ n'ezie, kpọrọ oké egwu malitere music na 1918, mgbe ọ kwagara Georgia. Na 1918, Balanchivadze banyere Kutaisi Musical College, nke nna ya tọrọ ntọala. N'afọ 1921-26. ọmụmụ na Tiflis Conservatory na klas nke mejupụtara na N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, na-agbalị aka ya na-ede obere instrumental iberibe. N'otu afọ ahụ, Balanchivadze rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye mmebe egwu maka ihe ngosi nke Proletcult Theatre nke Georgia, Satire Theatre, Tbilisi Workers' Theatre, wdg.

Na 1927, dị ka akụkụ nke otu ndị na-egwu egwú, Balanchivadze zitere site na People's Commissariat of Education nke Georgia ka ọ na-amụ na Leningrad Conservatory, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ruo 1931. N'ebe a A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina ghọrọ ndị nkụzi ya. . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leningrad Conservatory, Balanchivadze laghachiri na Tbilisi, bụ ebe ọ natara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù site na Kote Marjanishvili ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri ọ na-eduzi. N'ime oge a, Balanchivadze dekwara egwu maka ihe nkiri ụda mbụ Georgian.

Balanchivadze banyere nkà Soviet na ntụgharị nke 20s na 30s. tinyere ụyọkọ kpakpando dum nke ndị na-ede egwú Georgian, ndị n'ime ha bụ Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Ọ bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú mba bụ ndị bulitere ma nọgide n'ụzọ nke aka ha rụzuru nke ndị na-ede egwú kasị ochie - ndị na-emepụta egwú ọkachamara nke mba: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. N'adịghị ka ndị bu ya ụzọ, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa n'ọhịa nke opera, choral na chamber-vocal music, ndị na-eto eto nke ndị na-ede egwú Georgian tụgharịrị na egwu ngwá ọrụ, egwu Georgian wee malite na ntụziaka a n'ime afọ abụọ na iri atọ sochirinụ.

Na 1936, Balanchivadze dere ọrụ mbụ ya dị ịrịba ama - Piano Concerto nke mbụ, nke ghọrọ ihe atụ mbụ nke ụdị a na nkà egwu mba. Akụrụngwa na-egbuke egbuke nke ihe nkiri ahụ jikọtara ya na akụkọ ọdịnala mba: ọ na-agụnye ụda egwu egwu egwu egwu, egwu egwu mara mma, na egwu egwu. Na nke a mejupụtara, ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị e ji mara ụdị nke Balanchivadze n'ọdịnihu na-echeworị: usoro mgbanwe dị iche iche nke mmepe, njikọ chiri anya nke isiokwu ndị dike nwere ụdị egwu ndị mmadụ, àgwà ọma nke akụkụ piano, na-echetara pianism. F. Liszt. The dike pathos inherent na ọrụ a, onye dere ga-embody n'ụzọ ọhụrụ na nke abụọ Piano Concerto (1946).

Ihe omume dị ịrịba ama na ndụ egwu nke mba ahụ bụ ballet egwu-dike bụ "Obi nke Ugwu" (mbipụta nke mbụ 1, mbipụta nke abụọ 1936). Atụmatụ ahụ dabeere na ịhụnanya nke nwa okorobịa na-achụ nta Dzhardzhi maka ada nke Prince Manizhe na ihe omume nke ndị obodo na-alụ ọgụ megide mmegbu feudal na narị afọ 2. Ihe nkiri ihunanya nke egwu egwu-ikwekọ, juputara na mma na uri pụrụiche, jikọtara ebe a na mmemme ọdịnala, ụdị-ụlọ. Ihe omume nke ịgba egwu ndị mmadụ, jikọtara ya na choreography oge ochie, ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke ihe nkiri na asụsụ egwu nke ballet. Balanchivadze na-eji okirikiri ịgba egwu perkhuli, energetic sachidao (egwu a na-eme n'oge mgba mba), militant mtiuluri, tseruli ji obi ụtọ, dike horumi, wdg Shostakovich nwere ekele maka ballet ahụ nke ukwuu: “… ọ nweghị ihe dị obere na egwu a, ihe niile dị omimi… mara mma ma dị elu, ọtụtụ pathos dị njọ na-abịa site na abụ uri dị njọ. Ọrụ ikpeazụ nke onye dere ya tupu agha agha bụ opera lyric-comic opera Mziya, nke emere na 1938. Ọ dabere na nkata sitere na ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke obodo socialist na Georgia.

N'afọ 1944, Balanchivadze dere egwu egwu mbụ ya na nke mbụ na egwu Georgian, nke raara nye ihe omume nke oge a. “Edere m egwú egwú mbụ m n’ime afọ ndị jọgburu onwe ha nke agha ahụ… na 1943, n’oge a na-atụ bọmbụ, nwanne m nwanyị nwụrụ. Achọrọ m igosipụta ọtụtụ ahụmahụ na egwu egwu a: ọ bụghị naanị mwute na iru újú maka ndị nwụrụ anwụ, kamakwa okwukwe na mmeri, obi ike, heroism nke ndị anyị.

Na post-agha afọ, ya na choreographer L. Lavrovsky, onye na-ede egwú rụrụ ọrụ na ballet Ruby Stars, ọtụtụ n'ime ha mesịrị ghọọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ballet Pages of Life (1961).

Otu ihe dị mkpa dị mkpa n'ọrụ Balanchivadze bụ Concerto nke atọ maka Piano na String Orchestra (1952), nke raara nye ndị ntorobịa. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ mmemme na okike, juputara na njiri mara egwu ịsụ ụzọ. N. Mamisashvili na-ede, sị: “N'ime ihe nkiri nke atọ maka Piano na String Orchestra, Balanchivadze bụ nwa na-enweghị uche, na-enwe obi ụtọ, na-enwe obi ụtọ. Agụnyere egwu egwu a na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị pianist Soviet a ma ama - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. Ihe nkiri Piano nke anọ (1968) nwere akụkụ 6, nke onye na-ede egwú na-achọ ijide njirimara njirimara nke mpaghara dị iche iche nke Georgia - ọdịdị ha, omenala ha, ndụ ha: 1 hour - "Jvari" (ụlọ nsọ a ma ama nke narị afọ nke abụọ na Kartli), 2 awa - "Tetnuld" (ugwu elu na Svaneti), 3 awa - "Salamuri" (mba ụdị ọjà), 4 awa - "Dila" (Ụtụtụ, intonations nke Gurian choral songs na-eji ebe a), 5 awa. - "Rion Forest" (na-adọta ọdịdị mara mma nke Imeretin), awa 6 - "Tskhratskaro" (isi mmalite itoolu). Na nsụgharị mbụ, okirikiri ahụ nwere usoro 2 ọzọ - "Vine" na "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

Egwuregwu piano nke anọ bu ụzọ ballet Mtsyri (1964, dabere na uri nke M. Lermontov). Na nke a ballet-uri, nke nwere n'ezie symphonic ume, niile anya nke onye na-agụ egwú na-elekwasị anya na oyiyi nke protagonist, nke na-enye ihe mejupụtara na atụmatụ nke a monodrama. Ọ bụ ihe oyiyi nke Mtsyra ka ejikọtara 3 leitmotifs, bụ ihe ndabere nke egwu egwu nke ihe mejupụtara. A. Shaverzashvili dere, sị: “Echiche ide ballet dabere na nkata Lermontov bụ Balanchivadze mụrụ ogologo oge gara aga. “N'oge gara aga, o biri na Demon. Agbanyeghị, atụmatụ a ka emezubeghị. N'ikpeazụ, nhọrọ ahụ dabara na "Mtsyri" ... "

“E mere ka ịchọọ Balanchivadze mfe site na mbata na Soviet Union nke nwanne ya nwoke George Balanchine, onye nnukwu nka choreographic nke mepere emepe meghere ohere ọhụrụ na mmepe ballet… Echiche Balanchine wee bịaruo nso okike okike nke onye dere ya ọchụchọ. Nke a kpebiri ọdịnihu ballet ọhụrụ ya. "

70-80s akara site na ọrụ okike pụrụ iche nke Balanchivadze. O kere nke atọ (1978), nke anọ ("Forest", 1980) na nke ise ("Youth", 1989) egwu egwu; uri olu-symphonic "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Concerto nke ise (ma 1979) na Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) na ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ.

"Andrey Balanchivadze bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta nke hapụrụ akara na-enweghị atụ na mmepe nke omenala egwu mba. …N'ime oge, ọhụụ ọhụrụ na-emeghe n'ihu onye na-ese ihe, ọtụtụ ihe na ndụ na-agbanwe. Ma mmetụta nke nnukwu ekele, ezi nkwanye ùgwù maka Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, a ụkpụrụ nwa amaala na oké okike, na-anọgide na anyị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi "(O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko