Mily Balakirev (Mily Balakirev) |

Mily Balakirev

Nchọpụta ọhụrụ ọ bụla bụụrụ ya ezi obi ụtọ, obi ụtọ, o wee soro ya pụọ, n'oké ọkụ, ndị otu ya niile. V. Stasov

M. Balakirev nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche: imepe oge ọhụrụ na egwu Russia ma na-eduzi ntụziaka dum na ya. Na mbụ, ọ dịghị ihe buru amụma banyere ihe ga-eme ya. Ụmụaka na ntorobịa gafere site na isi obodo ahụ. Balakirev malitere ịmụ egwú n'okpuru nduzi nke nne ya, bụ onye kwenyesiri ike na ikike nke nwa ya nwoke, karịsịa ya na ya si Nizhny Novgorod gaa Moscow. N'ebe a, otu nwa nwoke dị afọ iri nwetara ọtụtụ nkuzi site n'aka onye nkụzi a ma ama n'oge ahụ, onye na-akụ pian na onye na-ede egwú A. Dubuc. Ọzọkwa Nizhny, ọnwụ nke nne ya, na-akụzi na Alexander Institute na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ndị isi obodo (nna ya, onye ọrụ obere nwa, lụrụ di na nwunye nke ugboro abụọ, ya na ezinụlọ buru ibu nọ na ịda ogbenye) ...

Ihe dị mkpa maka Balakirev bụ mmekọrịta ya na A. Ulybyshev, onye nnọchiteanya diplomat, yana onye na-agụ egwú dị ukwuu, onye edemede nke akwụkwọ akụkọ WA Mozart nke atọ. Ụlọ ya, ebe ọha mmadụ na-adọrọ mmasị gbakọtara, a na-eme ihe nkiri, ghọrọ Balakirev ezigbo ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mmepe nka. N'ebe a, ọ na-eduzi ìgwè ndị egwu na-amu amu, na mmemme nke ihe ngosi nke ọrụ dị iche iche, n'etiti ha Beethoven's symphonies, na-eme dị ka onye pianist, o nwere na ọrụ ya ọbá akwụkwọ egwu bara ụba, nke ọ na-etinye oge dị ukwuu na-amụ ihe. Tozuru okè na-abịakwute onye na-egwu egwu n'oge. Debanye aha na 1853 na Faculty of Mathematics nke Mahadum Kazan, Balakirev hapụrụ ya otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị itinye onwe ya naanị na egwu. N'oge a, ihe mbụ na-emepụta ihe bụ: piano mejupụtara, romances. N'ịhụ ihe ịga nke ọma pụtara ìhè nke Balakirev, Ulybyshev kpọọrọ ya gaa St. Petersburg ma mee ka ọ mata M. Glinka. Nkwurịta okwu na onye edemede nke "Ivan Susanin" na "Ruslan na Lyudmila" dị mkpụmkpụ (Glinka gara mba ọzọ n'oge na-adịghị anya), ma ọ bara uru: ịkwado ọrụ Balakirev, nnukwu onye na-ede egwú na-enye ndụmọdụ banyere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, na-ekwu banyere egwu egwu.

Na St. N'ịbụ onye nwere nkà na-egbuke egbuke, onye na-enweghị afọ ojuju na ihe ọmụma, adịghị agwụ ike n'ọrụ, ọ chọsiri ike maka mmezu ọhụrụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe okike na mgbe ndụ kpọkọtara ya na C. Cui, M. Mussorgsky, na mgbe e mesịrị na N. Rimsky-Korsakov na A. Borodin, Balakirev jikọtara ma duru otu obere egwu egwu a, bụ nke gbadara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu. n'okpuru aha " Dike njuaka "(nke B. Stasov nyere ya) na" Balakirev okirikiri ".

Kwa izu, ndị egwú ibe na Stasov gbakọtara na Balakirev. Ha na-ekwurịta okwu, na-agụpụtakarị ihe ọnụ, ma na-etinye ihe ka ukwuu n’oge ha n’egwú. Ọ dịghị onye nke mmalite composers natara a pụrụ iche: Cui bụ a agha engineer, Mussorgsky a lara ezumike nká ọrụ, Rimsky-Korsakov a ụgbọ mmiri, Borodin a kemist. "N'okpuru nduzi nke Balakirev, nkuzi onwe anyị malitere," Cui mechara cheta. “Anyị ejiriwo aka anọ kwughachi ihe niile e dere n’ihu anyị. A kparịrị ihe niile na nkatọ siri ike, Balakirev wee nyochaa akụkụ teknụzụ na ihe okike nke ọrụ ahụ. Enyere ọrụ ozugbo: ịmalite ozugbo na egwu egwu (Borodin na Rimsky-Korsakov), Cui dere operas ("Mkpọrọ nke Caucasus", "Ratcliffe"). Emere ihe niile mejupụtara na nzukọ nke okirikiri. Balakirev gbaziri ma nye ntụziaka: "... onye nkatọ, ya bụ onye nkatọ, ọ dị ịtụnanya," Rimsky-Korsakov dere.

N'oge a, Balakirev onwe ya edewo 20 romances, gụnyere ndị dị otú ahụ masterpieces dị ka "Bịakwute m", "Selim's Song" (ma - 1858), "Goldfish Song" (1860). E bipụtara akụkọ ịhụnanya niile ma nwee ekele nke ukwuu site n'aka A. Serov: "... Okooko osisi dị mma na-adabere na egwu Russia." Emere ọrụ Symphonic Balakirev na egwu egwu: Overture na isiokwu nke egwu Russia atọ, Overture from music to Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear. Ọ dekwara ọtụtụ iberibe piano ma rụọ ọrụ na egwu egwu.

Ihe omume egwu Balakirev na mmekọrịta ọha na eze jikọtara ya na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music Free, bụ nke o haziri ya na onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede egwú G. Lomakin. N'ebe a, onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịbanye na egwu, na-eme ihe nkiri choral nke ụlọ akwụkwọ. E nwekwara klas ịgụ egwú, ịgụ egwú na klaasị solfeggio. Ọ bụ Lomakin na-eduzi ukwe ahụ, Balakirev na-eduzi ìgwè ndị ọbịa ọbịa, bụ ndị gụnyere ndị otu ya gburugburu na-eme ihe nkiri na mmemme egwu. Onye na-ede egwú na-eme ihe mgbe niile dị ka onye na-eso ụzọ Glinka kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi, na otu n'ime iwu nke egwu egwu mbụ nke Russia bụ ịdabere na egwu ndị mmadụ dị ka isi iyi nke okike. Na 1866, e bipụtara mkpokọta nke Russian Folk Songs nke Balakirev, na ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na-arụ ọrụ na ya. Nnọọ na Caucasus (1862 na 1863) mere ka o kwe omume ịmara akụkọ ọdịnala nke Oriental, na ekele maka njem na Prague (1867), ebe Balakirev ga-eduzi operas Glinka, ọ mụtakwara egwu ndị Czech. E gosipụtara mmetụta ndị a niile n'ọrụ ya: ihe nkiri symphonic na isiokwu nke egwu Russia atọ "1000 afọ" (1864; na mbipụta nke abụọ - "Rus", 2), "Czech Overture" (1887), fantasy Oriental maka piano. "Islamey" (1867), a symphonic uri "Tamara", malitere na 1869 na dechara ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.

Ihe okike Balakirev, ịrụ ọrụ, egwu na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwu a na-akwanyere ùgwù, na A. Dargomyzhsky, onye ghọrọ onye isi oche nke RMS, na-achịkwa ịkpọ Balakirev ka ọ bụrụ onye ndu (oge 1867/68 na 1868/69). Ugbu a egwu nke ndị dere "Mighty Handful" dara na ihe nkiri nke Society, ihe ngosi nke Borodin's First Symphony bụ ihe ịga nke ọma.

O yiri ka ndụ Balakirev nọ na-arị elu, na n'ihu bụ ịrịgo elu ọhụrụ. Na mberede, ihe niile gbanwere n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama: e wepụrụ Balakirev na-eduzi RMO concerts. Ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ihe merenụ pụtara ìhè. Tchaikovsky na Stasov gosipụtara iwe, bụ ndị kwuru okwu na ndị nta akụkọ. Balakirev na-agbanye ike ya niile na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music Free, na-agbalị imegide ihe nkiri ya na Musical Society. Mana asọmpi a na ụlọ ọrụ bara ọgaranya na-akwado nke ukwuu bịara sie ike. Otu n'ime ha, Balakirev na-enwe nkụda mmụọ site na ọdịda, enweghị nchebe ihe onwunwe ya na-aghọ oké mkpa, na nke a, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, iji kwado ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. Enweghị ohere maka imepụta ihe. N'ịbụ onye nwere nkụda mmụọ, onye na-ede egwú na-eche ọbụna igbu onwe ya. Ọ dịghị onye na-akwado ya: ndị enyi ya nọ na gburugburu wee pụọ, onye ọ bụla na-arụsi ọrụ ike na atụmatụ nke ya. Mkpebi Balakirev kpebiri ịkwụsị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na nkà nke egwu dị ka ihe mkpuchi si na-acha anụnụ anụnụ maka ha. N'ịgeghị arịrịọ ha na nkwenye ha, ọ banyere n'ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ahịa nke Warsaw Railway. Ihe omume jọgburu onwe ya nke kewara ndụ onye dere ya ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche mere na June 1872….

Ọ bụ ezie na Balakirev ejeghị ozi ogologo oge n'ọfịs, nlọghachi ya n'egwú dị ogologo ma sie ike n'ime ya. Ọ na-enweta ihe e ji ebi ndụ site na nkuzi piano, mana ọ naghị agụ onwe ya, ọ na-ebi naanị ya na ịnọrọ onwe ya. Naanị na njedebe 70s. ọ na-amalite igosi ndị enyi ya. Ma nke a bụ onye dị iche. Agụụ na ume dị ụtọ nke nwoke na-ekerịta - ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mgbe niile - echiche ndị na-aga n'ihu nke 60s, bụ ndị dị nsọ, ndị na-asọpụrụ Chineke na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ikpe ndị dị n'otu akụkụ. Ọgwụgwọ mgbe nsogbu ahụ nwere ahụmahụ abịaghị. Balakirev na-aghọ ọzọ isi nke music ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ hapụrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-emecha Tamara (dabere na uri nke otu aha site Lermontov), ​​nke mbụ rụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke onye edemede na 1883. New, tumadi piano iberibe, ọhụrụ mbipụta pụtara (Overture na isiokwu nke Spanish March, symphonic uri "Rus"). N'etiti 90s. 10 romance na-emepụta. Balakirev dere nke ukwuu nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ee, malitere na 60s. The mbụ Symphony e dechara naanị mgbe ihe karịrị 30 afọ (1897), na nke abụọ Piano Concerto tụụrụ ime n'otu oge, na-ede egwú dere naanị 2 mmegharị (mechara S. Lyapunov), na-arụ ọrụ na nke abụọ Symphony agbatị 8 afọ ( 1900-08). N'afọ 1903-04. usoro ịhụnanya ịhụnanya na-apụta. N'agbanyeghị ọdachi ọ nwetara, ebe dị anya site na ndị enyi ya mbụ, ọrụ Balakirev na ndụ egwu dị ịrịba ama. N'afọ 1883-94. ọ bụ onye njikwa nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Ụlọikpe na, na mmekorita ya na Rimsky-Korsakov, na-enweghị ike ịmata ya gbanwere agụmakwụkwọ egwu n'ebe ahụ, na-etinye ya na ọkachamara ọkachamara. Ụmụ akwụkwọ kacha nwee nkà nke ụlọ ụka ahụ hiwere okirikiri egwu n'akụkụ onye ndu ha. Balakirev bụkwa ebe etiti nke a na-akpọ Weimar Circle, bụ nke zutere Academician A. Pypik na 1876-1904; ebe a ọ rụrụ na dum concert mmemme. Akwụkwọ ozi Balakirev na ndị na-egwu egwu si mba ọzọ dị ukwuu ma baa uru: ya na onye na-ede egwú French na onye na-agụ akụkọ akụkọ L. Bourgault-Ducudray na onye nkatọ M. Calvocoressi, na onye Czech egwu na ọha mmadụ B. Kalensky.

Egwu Symphonic nke Balakirev na-enwetawanye ama ama. Ọ na-ada na ọ bụghị nanị na isi obodo, kamakwa na mpaghara obodo nke Russia, ọ na-ọma rụrụ ná mba ọzọ - na Brussels, Paris, Copenhagen, Munich, Heidelberg, Berlin. Piano sonata ya bụ onye Spaniard R. Vines na-akpọ, "Islamea" bụ onye ama ama I. Hoffman na-eme ya. Ihe a ma ama nke egwu Balakirev, nnabata mba ofesi ya dị ka onye isi egwu Russia, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, na-akwụghachi ụgwọ dị egwu site na isi obodo na ala nna ya.

Ihe nketa okike Balakirev dị obere, mana ọ bara ụba na nchọpụta nka nke fatịlaịza egwu Russia na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Tamara bụ otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị elu nke ụdị symphonism nke mba yana uri egwu pụrụ iche. Na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya nke Balakirev, e nwere ọtụtụ usoro na nchọpụta ederede nke mere ka egwu ụda olu nke ụlọ dị n'èzí pụta - na ederede ụda olu nke Rimsky-Korsakov, na egwu Borodin's opera.

Nchịkọta nke egwu ndị Russia abụghị nanị meghere ọkwa ọhụrụ na egwu folkloristics, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka opera Russia na egwu symphonic nwee ọtụtụ isiokwu mara mma. Balakirev bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ egwu magburu onwe ya: ihe odide mbụ nke Mussorgsky, Borodin na Rimsky-Korsakov gafere n'aka ya. Ọ kwadebere maka ibipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke operas abụọ nke Glinka (ya na Rimsky-Korsakov), yana ihe ndị F. Chopin dere. Balakirev biri ndụ dị ukwuu, nke e nwere ma ihe okike na-egbuke egbuke na mmeri dị egwu, ma n'ozuzu ya bụ ndụ nke ezigbo onye na-ese ihe.

E. Gordeeva