Veljo Tormis (Veljo Tormis) |

Veljo Tormis

Iji mee ka ihe nketa oge ochie ghọta ma nweta mmadụ nke oge a bụ isi nsogbu chere onye na-ede egwú ihu taa n'ọrụ ya na akụkọ ifo. V. Tormis

Aha onye edemede Estonia V. Tormis enweghị atụ na omenala choral Estonia nke oge a. Nna-ukwu a pụtara ìhè nyere aka n'ụba n'ịkwalite egwu egwu nke oge a ma meghee ohere ọhụụ ọhụrụ na ya. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọchụchọ ya na nnwale ya, nchọta na-egbuke egbuke na nchoputa bụ nke emere n'ala na-eme mgbanwe nke egwu ndị Estonia, nke ọ bụ onye nwere ikike na onye nchịkọta.

Tormis nwetara agụmakwụkwọ egwu ya na mbụ na Tallinn Conservatory (1942-51), ebe ọ gụrụ akụkụ (ya na E. Arro, A. Topman; S. Krull) na ihe mejupụtara ya na (V. Kappa), wee mụọ na Moscow Conservatory ( 1951-56) na klas nke mejupụtara (ya na V. Shebalin). E guzobere mmasị okike nke onye na-ede egwú n'ọdịnihu n'okpuru mmetụta nke ikuku ndụ egwu nke gbara ya gburugburu site na nwata. Nna Tormis si n'aka ndị ọrụ ugbo (Kuusalu, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Tallinn), ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ na chọọchị obodo dị na Vigala (West Estonia). Ya mere, Velho dị nso na-abụ abụ site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ malitere ịkụ egwu ahụ n'oge, na-eburu chorales. Mgbọrọgwụ nke usoro ọmụmụ nke onye dere ya na-alaghachi na ọdịnala nke omenala egwu Estonia, ndị mmadụ na ndị ọkachamara.

Taa Tormis bụ onye edemede nke ọtụtụ ọrụ, ma choral na ngwá ọrụ, ọ na-ede egwu maka ihe nkiri na sinima. Ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, ịmepụta egwu maka egwu bụ isi ihe maka ya. Ndị nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị, agwakọta, ụmụaka na-egwu egwu, ndị na-esoghị ya, yana mgbakwunye - mgbe ụfọdụ ihe na-adịghị mma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda shamanic ma ọ bụ teepu teepu) - na okwu, ohere niile nke ụda taa, ijikọta ụda olu na timbre ngwá ọrụ, achọpụtala. ngwa n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri nka. Tormis na-eji obi mepere emepe na-abịaru nso ụdị na ụdị egwu egwu egwu, jiri echiche na obi ike na-adịghị ahụkebe, chegharịa ụdị ọdịnala nke cantata, okirikiri choral, na-eji ụdị ọhụụ nke narị afọ 1980 n'ụzọ nke ya. - egwu egwu egwu, egwu egwu egwu, ihe nkiri egwu. O mekwara ọrụ n'ụdị agwakọta kpamkpam: cantata-ballet “Estonian Ballads” (1977), ihe mejupụtara ogbo nke abụ rune ochie “Ballds Women” (1965). The opera Swan Flight (XNUMX) na-ebu stampụ mmetụta nke egwu egwu egwu.

Tormis bụ onye na-agụ abụ na onye ọkà ihe ọmụma. O nwere ọmarịcha ọhụụ nke ịma mma na okike, na mmadụ, na mkpụrụ obi nke ndị mmadụ. A na-edeba nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na nnukwu egwu egwu na nnukwu isiokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-abụkarị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'ime ha, nna ukwu na-ebili na nkà ihe ọmụma generalizations, nweta a ụda nke dị mkpa maka ụwa taa. Usoro egwu egwu nke Estonia Calendar Songs (1967) na-etinye aka na isiokwu ebighi ebi nke nkwekọ nke okike na ịdị adị mmadụ; Dabere na ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme, Ballad banyere Maarjamaa (1969), cantatas The Spell of Iron (na-emeghachi omume nke anwansi nke shamans oge ochie, na-enye mmadụ ike n'elu ngwá ọrụ ndị o kere, 1972) na Lenin's Words (1972). yana ncheta nke ihe otiti ahụ "(1973).

Egwu Tormis bụ ihe atụ doro anya, nke na-adịkarị mma na eserese, bụ nke na-ejupụta na akparamaagwa mgbe niile. Ya mere, na ukwe ya, karịsịa na miniatures, odida obodo sketches na-esonyere na nkọwa lyrical, dị ka n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Landscapes (1964), na nke ọzọ, nkwuwa okwu siri ike nke ahụmahụ onwe onye na-ebuli elu site na oyiyi nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike, dịka ọ dị na Hamlet. Abụ (1965).

Asụsụ egwu nke ọrụ Tormis bụ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke izizi. Usoro omume ọma ya na ọgụgụ isi na-eme ka onye na-ede egwú gbasaa ọtụtụ usoro ederede choral. A na-akọwakwa ukwe dị ka ihe eji eme polyphonic, nke a na-enye ike na ihe ncheta, na nke ọzọ - dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, ngwa mkpanaaka nke ụlọ sonority. The choral ákwà bụ ma ọ bụ polyphonic, ma ọ bụ ọ na-ebu kwekọrọ ekwekọ na agba, na-amụba a nkwekọ na-adịgide adịgide na-adịghị, ma ọ bụ, ọzọ, o yiri ka iku ume, shimmer na iche, mgbanwe na ụkọ na njupụta, nghọta na njupụta. Tormis webatara n'ime ya usoro ide ihe sitere na egwu ngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ, sonorous (timbre-colorful), yana mmetụta oghere.

Tormis ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi mụọ ọkwa ochie nke Estonia egwu na akụkọ uri, ọrụ nke ndị Baltic-Finnish ndị ọzọ: Vodi, Izhorians, Vepsians, Livs, Karelians, Finns, na-ezo aka na Russian, Bulgarian, Swedish, Udmurt na isi mmalite akụkọ ifo ndị ọzọ, eserese. ihe sitere na ha maka ọrụ ha. Na ndabere nke a, ya "Egwu Estonia Lyrical iri na atọ" (1972), "Izhora Epic" (1975), "Northern Russian Epic" (1976), "Ingrian Anyasị" (1979), okirikiri nke Estonia na Swedish songs "Foto" site n'oge gara aga nke Island Vormsi" (1983), "Bulgarian Triptych" (1978), "Viennese Paths" (1983), "XVII Song of the Kalevala" (1985), ọtụtụ ndokwa maka ukwe. Imikpu n'ime nnukwu akụkọ akụkọ ifo ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka asụsụ egwu Tormis na-eme ka ọ baa ọgaranya na ntinye ala, ma na-atụkwa aro ka esi edozi ya (textural, harmonic, compositional), ma na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọta ebe kọntaktị na ụkpụrụ nke asụsụ egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Tormis na-enye mkpa pụrụ iche maka mmasị ọ na-agụ akụkọ ifo: “Enwere m mmasị na ihe nketa egwu nke oge dị iche iche, mana nke kachasị, ọkwa ochie nke bara uru… echiche ụwa, àgwà nke ụkpụrụ eluigwe na ala, nke e si na mbụ na amamihe gosipụta n'akụkọ ifo".

A na-arụ ọrụ Tormis site na ndị isi Estonia ensembles, n'etiti ha Estonia na Vanemuine Opera Houses. Estonia State Academic Male Choir, Estonia Philharmonic Chamber Choir, Tallinn Chamber Choir, Estonia Television na Radio Choir, ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa, yana ndị ukwe si Finland, Sweden, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Germany.

Mgbe onye nduzi ukwe bụ́ G. Ernesaks, bụ́ okenye nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-agụ egwú Estonia, kwuru, sị: “Egwu Veljo Tormis na-egosipụta mkpụrụ obi ndị Estonia,” o tinyere kpọmkwem ihe ọ pụtara n’okwu ya, na-ezo aka n’ebe ndị zoro ezo si malite. mkpa ime mmụọ dị elu maka nka Tormis.

M. Katunyan