Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Nsọpụrụ ime obodo". Intermezzo (onye nduzi - T. Serafin)

Ọ bụ n'efu na-eche na colossal, fabulous ịga nke ọma nke nwa okorobịa a bụ n'ihi na nkọ mgbasa ozi ... Mascagni, doro anya, ọ bụghị nanị na a nnọọ nkà onye, ​​kamakwa nnọọ smart. Ọ ghọtara na ugbu a, mmụọ nke eziokwu, njikọ nke nkà na eziokwu nke ndụ, dị n'ebe nile, na onye nwere ọchịchọ na iru uju ya bụ ihe a ghọtara na nso anyị nso karịa chi na chi. Site na plasticity Italian naanị na ịma mma, ọ na-egosipụta ihe nkiri ndụ ọ na-ahọrọ, na ihe si na ya pụta bụ ọrụ nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị ọmịiko na mmasị ọha na eze. P. Tchaikovsky

A mụrụ P. Mascagni n'ime ezinụlọ onye na-eme achịcha, onye na-ahụ egwu egwu. N'ịhụta ikike egwu nwa ya nwoke, nna, na-echekwa obere ego, goro onye nkuzi maka nwa ahụ - baritone Emilio Bianchi, onye kwadebere Pietro maka ịbanye na Music Lyceum. Cherubini. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, dị ka nwa akwụkwọ nke afọ mbụ, Mascagni dere Symphony na C small na "Ave Maria", bụ nke e mere na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe ahụ, nwa okorobịa ahụ ruru eru gara n'ihu na-amụ akwụkwọ na Conservatory Milan na A. Ponchielli, ebe G. Puccini gụrụ akwụkwọ n'otu oge ahụ. Mgbe Mascagni gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatory (1885), Mascagni ghọrọ onye nduzi na onye ndu nke ndị agha operetta, onye ya na ya ga-aga n'obodo ndị dị na Italy, ma nyekwa nkuzi na ide egwu. Mgbe ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Sonzogno kwupụtara asọmpi maka otu opera otu, Mascagni gwara enyi ya G. Torgioni-Tozzetti ka o dee libretto dabere na G. Verga's sensational drama Rural Honor. Opera adịla njikere n'ime ọnwa 2. Otú ọ dị, n'enweghị olileanya imeri, Mascagni ezipụghị "ụbụrụ" ya na asọmpi ahụ. Nke a mere, na nzuzo site na di ya, site n'aka nwunye ya. Rural Honor bụ onye e nyere ihe nrite mbụ, onye na-ede egwú na-enwetakwa akwụkwọ mmụta kwa ọnwa maka afọ 2. Nhazi nke opera na Rome na May 17, 1890 bụ nnukwu mmeri nke na onye dere ya enweghị oge iji bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta.

Mascagni's Rural Honor bụ akara mmalite nke verismo, ntụzịaka operatic ọhụrụ. Verism ririgbu ụzọ nke asụsụ nka nke kere mmetụta nke mmụba dị egwu, mmeghe, mmetụta gba ọtọ, ma nye aka na ọmarịcha ndụ nke ndị ogbenye obodo mepere emepe na ime obodo. Iji mepụta ikuku nke ọnọdụ mmetụta uche, Mascagni na nke mbụ na omume opera ji ihe a na-akpọ "aria of the scream" mee ihe - na abụ nwere nnwere onwe nke ukwuu ruo na-eti mkpu, na-eji otu egwu na-edegharị ya site na ndị egwu egwu nke akụkụ olu na N'afọ 1891, e mere opera ahụ na La Scala, ma G. Verdi kwuru na ọ sịrị: "Ugbu a enwere m ike ịnwụ n'udo - e nwere onye ga-aga n'ihu na ndụ nke opera Ịtali." Na nsọpụrụ Mascagni, e nyere ọtụtụ nrite, eze n'onwe ya nyere onye na-ede egwú aha nsọpụrụ nke "Chevalier of the Crown". A na-atụ anya operas ọhụrụ site na Mascagni. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime iri na anọ sochirinụ gbagoro n'ogo nke "Rustic Honor". Ya mere, na La Scala na 1895, e debere egwu egwu "William Ratcliffe" - mgbe ihe omume iri na abụọ gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ egwuregwu ahụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, mmalite nke opera lyric Silvano dara. N'afọ 1901, na Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa na Verona, n'otu mgbede ahụ na Jenụwarị 17, ihe ngosi nke opera "Masks" mere, ma opera, nke a na-akpọsa n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-atụ egwu onye na-ede egwú. a kwara ákwá ná mgbede ahụ n’obodo niile n’otu oge. Ọbụna ntinye nke E. Caruso na A. Toscanini echekwaghị ya na La Scala. “Ọ bụ,” dị ka onye Italy na-ede uri bụ́ A. Negri si kwuo, “ọ bụ ọdịda kasị dị ịtụnanya n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke opera Ịtali.” Emere operas kacha aga nke ọma nke onye dere ya na La Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) na n'ụlọ ihe nkiri Costanzi dị na Rome (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Na mgbakwunye na operas, Mascagni dere operettas ("Eze na Naples" - 1885, "Ee!" - 1919), na-arụ ọrụ maka egwu egwu egwu, egwu maka ihe nkiri, na ọrụ olu. N'afọ 1900, Mascagni bịara Russia na egwu egwu na-ekwu banyere steeti opera nke oge a ma nabata ya nke ọma.

Ndụ onye na-ede egwú agwụlarị n'etiti narị afọ nke XNUMX, mana aha ya ka dị na klas opera Italiantali na njedebe narị afọ nke XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Ngwakọta:

opera – Rural Honor (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Enyi Fritz (L'amico Fritz, ọ dịghị eponymous egwuregwu E. Erkman na A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, mgbe egwuregwu nke E. Otu aha nke Erkman na Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), William Ratcliff (dabere na ballad dị egwu nke G. Heine, nke A. Maffei sụgharịrị, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, otu ihe ahụ). ), Zanetto (dabere na egwuregwu Passerby nke P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre dịkwa ebe ahụ ", Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Casino, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Lark (Lodoletta, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ The Wooden Shoes site De la Rama). , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (dabere na ihe nkiri nke otu aha nke P. Cossa, 1935, ihe nkiri "La Scala", Milan); operetta - Eze na Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Ee! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Casino, San Remo); orchestral, olu na ọrụ symphonic, egwu maka ihe nkiri, wdg.