Ụda egwu |

Ihe nhazi kacha nta nke egwu. N'iji ya tụnyere ụda "na-abụghị egwu" niile a na-anụ, ọ nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke ejiri ngwaọrụ nke akụkụ anụ ahụ kpebisie ike, ọdịdị nkwurịta okwu nke muses. arịrịọ nka na ịchọ mma nke ndị egwu na ndị na-ege ntị.

Isi njirimara nke ebili mmiri ụda bụ ụda olu, ụda olu, ogologo oge na timbre. Z.m. nwere ike inwe ụda sitere na C2 ruo c5 - d6 (site na 16 ruo 4000-4500 Hz; ụda dị elu gụnyere na Z. m. dị ka ụda olu); olu ya kwesịrị ịdị ukwuu karịa ọkwa mkpọtụ dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ, mana enweghị ike ịgafe ọnụ ụzọ mgbu; ogologo oge nke Z.m. dị nnọọ iche iche - ụda kacha mkpụmkpụ (na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa - glissando) enweghị ike ịbụ mkpụmkpụ karịa 0,015-0,020 sekọnd (karịa oke a, mmetụta nke ịdị elu na-efunahụ), ogologo oge (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda pedal nke akụkụ ahụ) nwere ike ịdịru ọtụtụ. nkeji; nani n'ihe gbasara timbre o siri ike iguzobe k.-l. physiological ókè, ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nchikota nke pitch, oké ụda, temporal na ndị ọzọ components, site na echiche nke timbre (elementary si n'ókè nke nghọta) na-mepụtara, bụ fọrọ nke nta enweghi ngwụcha.

N'ime usoro egwu Z. omume nke m. na-ahaziri na muses. Sistemu. Yabụ, na octave ọ bụla, naanị ugboro 12 l na-ejikarị. dị ka elu nke ụda kewapụrụ site a semitone onye ọ bụla ọzọ (lee. System). Onyunyo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-edobere n'oke oke ụda olu (dịka, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff), nke na-enweghị ụkpụrụ zuru oke (lee Dynamics). N'ọtụtụ oge nke oge a na-ahụkarị, ụda dị n'akụkụ dị na nha 1: 2 (nke asatọ na-emetụta akụkụ anọ, dị ka nkeji iri na ise, wdg), oke nke 1: 3 ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya na-ejikarị eme ihe. A na-amata timbres nke ụda ụda site n'otu n'otu pụrụ iche. Ụda nke violin na trombone, piano. na Bekee. mpi dịgasị iche iche na timbre; ihe dị mkpa, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụkwa ọdịiche ndị ọzọ dị nro na timbres nke ngwá ọrụ nke otu ụdị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụdọ agbada). Usoro ụda nke ụda ụda dị mgbagwoju anya. Onye ọ bụla Z.m. enwere ike ịtụle ya na egwu egwu. akụkụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ. dị ka ma e nwere a harmonic na ya mejupụtara. (ọtụtụ njirimara Z.m.) ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma. ọtụtụ ụda olu, ma enwere ndị na-emepụta ihe na ya, kedu akụkụ ya bụ mkpọtụ, wdg; enwere ike iji ya mara ya site n'ụdị ngwá ọrụ, nke a na-esi na ya amịpụta (stringed plucked, electromusical, etc.); enwere ike itinye ya na otu ma ọ bụ usoro ọzọ na-adabere na ohere nke ijikọta na ụda ndị ọzọ (lee Instrumentation).

Ọ bụ ezie na n'ime ederede egwu a na-edozi ụda ọ bụla dị ka ihe na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya, n'ezie ụda na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ime ime mkpanaka, na e ji ọtụtụ mara ya. usoro na-adịru nwa oge ma ọ bụ na-abụghị nke kwụ ọtọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime usoro ndị a na-agafe agafe bụ ihe dị n'ime ya na Z.m. ma bụrụ ihe sitere na ụda olu. atụmatụ nke egwu. ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ usoro mmepụta ụda - dị otú ahụ bụ attenuation nke ụda nke fp., Harp, decomp. ụdị ọgụ na ụda nke eriri. kpọọrọ na mmụọ. ngwá ọrụ, dị iche iche aperiodic na oge. mgbanwe na timbre na ụda nke usoro ịkụ aka. ngwa - dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbịrịgba, tam-tama. Akụkụ ọzọ nke usoro na-agafe agafe bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, Ch. arr. iji nweta nnukwu njikọta nke ụda ma ọ bụ gosipụta iche. na-ada ụda kwekọrọ na nka. site imewe. Ndị a bụ glissando, portamento, vibrato, ike. ụda olu, Dec. mgbanwe rhythmic na timbre, nke mejupụtara usoro mgbagwoju anya nke innation (ụda-elu), ike. (olu dara ụda), agogic. (obere oge na uda) na ndo timbre.

Ewepụtara Z.m iche iche. enweghị k.-l. ga-ekwupụta. Njirimara, ma na-ahazi na otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ muses. usoro na gụnyere na egwu. ákwà, ịrụ awara awara. ọrụ. Ya mere, ọtụtụ mgbe Z.m. na-nyere ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe; ha, dị ka akụkụ, na-kwuru na Njirimara nke dum. N'ime egwu egwu (ọkachasị nkuzi) ewepụtala akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu sara mbara nke okwu, nke a na-egosipụtakwa n'ọhụụ. Ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ZM Ụkpụrụ ndị a, agbanyeghị, a na-ekpebi akụkọ ihe mere eme ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na ụdị egwu.

References: Mutli AF, ụda na ịnụ ihe, na: Ajụjụ nke nkà mmụta egwu, vol. 3, M., 1960; Acoustics egwu, mkpokọta. ed. Na Garbuzova deziri ya. Moscow, 1954. Helmholtz H. v., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen…, Braunschweig, 1863 na mbipụta ọzọ; Stumpf, C., Tonpsychologie, Bd 1-2, Lpz., 1883-90; Waetzmann R., Ton, Klang und sekundäre Klangerscheinungen, “Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie”, Bd XI, B., 1926, S. 563-601; Handschin J., Der Toncharakter, Z., 1948; Eggebrecht HH, Musik als Tonsprache, “AfMw”, Jg. XVIII, 1961.

Ụdị YH