Shirley Verrett |

Shirley Verrett

"Black Callas" adịkwaghị. Ọ hapụrụ ụwa a na Nọvemba 5, 2010. Mfu nke Shirley Verret site na usoro enweghị atụ.

Onye ọ bụla maara akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a ma ama nke South, ma ọ bụrụ Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind ma ọ bụ Maurice Denouzier's Louisiana, ga-ama ọtụtụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ndụ Shirley Verrett. A mụrụ ya na May 31, 1931 na New Orleans, Louisiana. Nke a bụ ezigbo South America! Ihe nketa omenala nke ndị colonialists French (ya mere iwu na-enweghị atụ nke asụsụ French, bụ nke na-adọrọ mmasị mgbe Shirley na-abụ "Carmen"), okpukpere chi kachasi ike: ezinụlọ ya bụ nke Seventh-day Adventist, na nne nne ya bụ ihe dị na ya. a shaman, animism n'etiti Creoles abụghị ihe ọhụrụ. Nna Shirley nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ihe, mgbe ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Los Angeles. Shirley bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka ise. N'ihe ndekọ ya, o dere na nna ya bụ ezigbo mmadụ, mana iji eriri na-ata ụmụaka ahụhụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nye ya. Ihe dị iche iche nke mmalite Shirley na njikọ okpukpe nyere ya nsogbu mgbe atụmanya nke ịghọ onye na-agụ egwú na-adakwasị na mbara igwe: ezinụlọ ahụ kwadoro nhọrọ ya, ma mesoo opera ahụ n'amamikpe. Ndị ikwu agaghị egbochi ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ maka ọrụ onye na-agụ egwú dị ka Marian Anderson, mana opera! Ọ malitere ịmụ egwu na obodo ya Louisiana wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Los Angeles iji gụchaa akwụkwọ na Juilliard School na New York. Ihe ngosi mbụ o mere bụ na Britten's The Rape of Lucrezia na 1957. N'oge ahụ, ndị na-abụ opera na-acha odo odo na-adịkarị ụkọ. Shirley Verrett ga-enwe mmetụta ilu na mmechuihu nke ọnọdụ a n'akpụkpọ ahụ nke ya. Ọbụna Leopold Stokowski enweghị ike: ọ chọrọ ka ya na ya bụrụ abụ "Gurr's Songs" Schoenberg na egwu egwu na Houston, mana ndị otu egwu bilitere na ọnwụ megide onye na-ese ojii. O kwuru banyere nke a n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya bụ I Never Walked Alone.

N'afọ 1951, Verret na-eto eto lụrụ James Carter, bụ onye dị afọ iri na anọ karịa ya ma gosipụta onwe ya dị ka nwoke nwere ike ịchịkwa na enweghị ndidi. Na akwụkwọ mmado nke oge ahụ, a na-akpọ onye na-agụ egwú Shirley Verrett-Carter. Alụmdi na nwunye ya nke abụọ, ya na Lou LoMonaco, kwụsịrị na 1963 wee dịgide ruo mgbe onye na-ese ihe nwụrụ. Ọ bụ afọ abụọ ka ọ nwesịrị mmeri nke Metropolitan Opera.

N'afọ 1959, Verrett mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na Europe, na-eme mpụta mbụ ya na Cologne na Nicholas Nabokov's Death of Rasputin. Oge mgbanwe na ọrụ ya bụ 1962: ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka ọ rụrụ dị ka Carmen na Ememme nke Ụwa Abụọ na Spoleto na n'oge na-adịghị anya mere ya mpụta mbụ na New York City Opera (Irina na Weil's Lost in the Stars). Na Spoleto, ezinụlọ ya gara ihe ngosi nke "Carmen": ndị ikwu ya gere ya ntị, daa n'ala ma rịọ mgbaghara n'aka Chineke. Na 1964, Shirley bụrụ abụ Carmen na ogbo nke Bolshoi Theatre: nnọọ ahụkebe eziokwu, na-atụle na nke a mere na nnọọ elu nke Agha Nzuzo.

N'ikpeazụ, a gbajiri ice ahụ, ọnụ ụzọ nke ụlọ opera kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa meghere Shirley Verrett: na 60s, mpụta mbụ ya mere na Covent Garden (Ulrika in the Masquerade Ball), na Comunale Theatre na Florence na Opera Metropolitan dị na New York (Carmen), na ụlọ ihe nkiri La Scala (Dalila na Samson na Delilah). N'ikpeazụ, aha ya na-achọ mma akwụkwọ mmado nke ụlọ opera ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ụlọ egwu egwu na ụwa: Paris Grand Opera, Vienna State Opera, San Francisco Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Ụlọ Nzukọ Carnegie.

Na 1970s na 80s, Verrett nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na onye nduzi Boston Opera na onye nduzi Sarah Calwell. Ọ bụ obodo a ka ejikọtara Aida, Norma na Tosca. Na 1981, Verrett bụrụ abụ Desdemona na Othello. Mana mbido mbụ ya na soprano repertoire mere n'oge dị ka 1967, mgbe ọ bụrụ abụ akụkụ nke Elizabeth na Donizetti's Mary Stuart na ememme Florentine Musical May. "Ngbanwe" nke onye na-agụ egwú na ntụziaka nke ọrụ soprano kpatara nzaghachi dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ nwere mmasị lere nke a anya dị ka ihie ụzọ. A na-arụ ụka na arụmọrụ mezzo-soprano na soprano pianos mere n'otu oge mere ka olu ya "kewapụ" n'ime ndekọ abụọ dị iche iche. Mana Verrett nwekwara ọrịa nrịanrịa nke butere mgbochi nke bronchi. Mwakpo nwere ike 'gbutu' ya na mberede. Na 1976, ọ bụrụ abụ akụkụ nke Adalgiza na Met na, nanị izu isii ka e mesịrị, na njem ya na ndị otu ya, Norma. Na Boston, a nabatara Norma ya nke ukwuu. Ma afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, na 1979, mgbe o mesịrị pụta dị ka Norma na ogbo nke Met, ọ nwere ihe nfụkasị ahụ ọgụ, na nke a na-emetụta na-adịghị mma na-abụ abụ. Na mkpokọta, ọ rụrụ na ogbo nke ihe nkiri a ma ama 126 ugboro, na, dị ka a na-achị, bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma.

Na 1973 meghere Metropolitan Opera na mmalite nke Les Troyens site Berlioz na John Vickers dị ka Aeneas. Ọ bụghị nanị na Verrett bụrụ abụ Cassandra na akụkụ mbụ nke opera duology, ma dochie Christa Ludwig dị ka Dido na akụkụ nke abụọ. Omume a ka dịgidere ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na opera annals. Na 1975, na otu Met, ọ meriri ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka Neocles na Rossini's The Siege of Corinth. Ndị mmekọ ya bụ Justino Diaz na Beverly Sills: n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ ọ bụ mpụta mbụ na-egbu oge na ogbo nke ụlọ opera a ma ama na United States. Na 1979 ọ bụ Tosca na Cavaradossi ya bụ Luciano Pavarotti. Emere ihe omume a na telivishọn wee wepụta ya na DVD.

Verrett bụ kpakpando nke Paris Opera, onye mebere Rossini's Moses, Cherubini's Medea, Verdi's Macbeth, Iphigenia na Tauris na Gluck's Alceste. Na 1990, o sonye na mmepụta nke Les Troyens, raara onwe ya nye maka ememe ncheta nke iri abụọ nke oké ifufe nke Bastille na mmeghe nke Bastille Opera.

Mmeri ihe nkiri nke Shirley Verrett egosipụtaghị nke ọma na ndekọ ahụ. Na mmalite nke ọrụ ya, o dekọrọ na RCA: Orpheus na Eurydice, The Force of Destiny, Luisa Miller na Carlo Bergonzi na Anna Moffo, Un ballo na maschera na otu Bergonzi na Leontine Price, Lucrezia Borgi na nsonye Montserrat Caballe na Alfredo Kraus. Mgbe ahụ naanị ya na RCA kwụsịrị, ebe ọ bụ na 1970 ka ewepụtara ndekọ operas na nsonye ya n'okpuru akara nke EMI, Westminster Records, Deutsche Grammophon na Decca. Ndị a bụ Don Carlos, Anna Boleyn, Norma (akụkụ Adalgisa), Siege nke Kọrịnt (akụkụ Neocles), Macbeth, Rigoletto na Il trovatore. N'ezie, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-edekọ ihe etinyebeghị ya anya.

Ọrụ puru iche nke Verrett bịara na njedebe na mbido 1990s. Na 1994, Shirley mere Broadway mpụta mbụ dị ka Netti Fowler na Rodgers na Carousel egwu Hammerstein. Ọ na-amasịkarị ụdị egwu a. Ihe njedebe nke ọrụ Natty bụ egwu "Ị gaghị aga ije naanị gị". Okwu ndị a tụgharịrị wee bụrụ aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ Shirley Verrett, I Never Walked Alone, na egwuregwu n'onwe ya meriri Tony Awards ise.

Na Septemba 1996, Verrett malitere nkuzi ịbụ abụ na Mahadum nke Michigan's School of Music, Theater and Dance. O nyela klaasị masters na United States na Europe.

Olu Shirley Verrett bụ olu pụrụ iche, nke pụrụ iche. A pụghị iwere olu a dị ka nnukwu, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ kọwara ya dị ka "dị ike". N'aka nke ọzọ, onye na-agụ egwú nwere timbre dị egwu, mmepụta ụda na-enweghị atụ na otu timbre (ọ bụ kpọmkwem na enweghị ya bụ isi nsogbu nke ndị na-agụ opera nke oge a!). Verrett bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga mezzo-sopranos nke ọgbọ ya, nkọwa ya maka ọrụ ndị dị ka Carmen na Delilah ga-anọgide ruo mgbe ebighị ebi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke opera. Agaghị echefu bụ Orpheus ya na opera Gluck nke otu aha ahụ, Leonora na The Favorite, Azucena, Princess Eboli, Amneris. N'otu oge ahụ, enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla na ndekọ elu na sonority mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na soprano repertoire. Ọ bụrụ abụ Leonora na Fidelio, Celica na Nwanyị Afrịka, Norma, Amelia na Un ballo na maschera, Desdemona, Aida, Santuzza na Rural Honour, Tosca, Judit na Bartók's Bluebeard Duke's Castle, Madame Lidoin na "Dialogues of the Carmelites" Poulenci. Ọganiihu pụrụiche so ya n'ọrụ nke Lady Macbeth. Site na opera a, o mepere oge 1975-76 na Teatro alla Scala nke Giorgio Strehler duziri yana Claudio Abbado duziri ya. Na 1987, Claude d'Anna sere ihe nkiri opera na Leo Nucci dị ka Macbeth na Riccardo Chailly dị ka onye nduzi. Ọ gaghị abụ ikwubiga okwu ókè ikwu na Verrett bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke ọrụ Lady na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke opera dum, na goosebumps ka na-agba ọsọ site na akpụkpọ anụ nke onye na-ege ntị na-ekiri ihe nkiri ahụ.

Enwere ike ekewa olu Verrett dị ka soprano "falcon", nke na-adịghị mfe ịkọwapụta nke ọma. Ọ bụ obe n'etiti soprano na mezzo-soprano, olu nke ndị na-ede egwú French narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na ndị Ịtali dere operas maka ogbo Paris; akụkụ maka ụdị olu a gụnyere Celica, Delilah, Dido, Princess Eboli.

Shirley Verret nwere ọdịdị mara mma, ịmụmụ ọnụ ọchị mara mma, amara ọkwa, ezigbo onyinye ime ihe. Ma ọ ga-anọgide na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu nakwa dị ka onye na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na-eme nchọpụta na ubi nke nkebi ahịrịokwu, accents, shades na ọhụrụ ụzọ okwu. O tinyere okwu ahụ mkpa karịsịa. Àgwà ndị a niile emeela ka e jiri ya tụnyere Maria Callas, na Verrett na-akpọkarị "La nera Callas, Black Callas".

Shirley Verrett kwuru nke ọma na ụwa na Nọvemba 5, 2010 na Ann Arbor. Ọ gbara afọ iri asaa na itoolu. Ndị hụrụ olu n'anya enweghị ike ịdabere na ọdịdị olu dị ka olu ya. Ọ ga-esikwara ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume, maka ndị na-agụ egwú ime dị ka Lady Macbeth.