Sistemụ Chromatic |
Sistemụ chromatic - usoro nke iri na abụọ, ụda ụda agbatị, - usoro nke nkwekọrịta ụda nke na-enye ohere, n'ime ụda olu nyere, ụda nke usoro ọ bụla na nke ọ bụla n'ime nzọụkwụ iri na abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ chromatic.
Kpọtụrụ maka X. nwere. bụ usoro nke anaghị etinye na sistemụ diatonic ma ọ bụ nnukwu obere (lee Diatonic, Major-minor) na abụghị nkwekọ nke subsystems (deviations) n'ime ha; n'ihe atụ a na-eji oji ndetu akara:
Ngwa nlele nke nkwekọ sitere na X. nwere:
SS Prokofiev. "Betrothal in a Monastery" ("Duenna"), ọnọdụ 1. (Chord X. s. n II arụ ọrụ na-anọchi DV ebe a dị ka ụkpụrụ nke tritone dochie.)
Harmony X. s. nwee nnukwu nchapụta na nchapụta ụda. Enwere ụdị isi abụọ X. c. - na nchekwa nke mono-mode ndabere (chromatic isi ma ọ bụ chromatic obere; na ọrụ nke SS Prokofiev) na na ịjụ ya (chromatic tonality na-enweghị ịkọwapụta mode; site P. Hindemith). A na-eji usoro nke ụdị abụọ ahụ ma na etiti n'ụdị consoner. consonance (lee ihe atụ dị n'elu; nakwa fugue na C sitere na Ludus tonalis nke Hindemith), yana enweghị isi. etiti (isi isiokwu nke "Great Sacred Dance" sitere na "The Rite of Spring" nke Ọ BỤRỤ na Stravinsky; isi isiokwu nke akụkụ nke abụọ nke "Lyrical Suite" site Berg). Dep. ngosipụta nke X. na. achọpụtalarị na egwu nke narị afọ nke 2. (AP Borodin, mmechi mmechi nke "Polovtsian Dances" sitere na opera "Prince Igor": HV-I), mana ọ bụ ụdị egwu egwu nke narị afọ nke 19. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern na ndị ọzọ).
Na music sayensị echiche X. na. Ọ bụ SI Taneev (1880, 1909) na BL Yavorsky (1908) wepụtara. Schoenberg ji okwu a "tonality chromatic" (1911). Nkọwa nke oge a X. s. nyere VM Belyaev (1930). N'ụzọ zuru ezu tiori X. na. mepụtara na 60s. narị afọ nke 20 (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, wdg).
References: Taneev SI, Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara PI Tchaikovsky nke dị na August 6, 1880, n'akwụkwọ: PI Tchaikovsky – SI Taneev, Akwụkwọ Ozi, (M.), 1951; nke ya, Mkpegharị Mgbanwe nke ederede siri ike, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Ọdịdị nke okwu egwu, akụkụ 1, M., 1908; Catuar GL, Usoro nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta, akụkụ 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" nke Mussorgsky dere. Ahụmahụ nke isiokwu na usoro nyocha, n'akwụkwọ: Mussorgsky, Akụkọ na nyocha, vol. 1, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Okwu mmalite nke echiche egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, M.-L., 1946; Skorik MM, Prokofiev na Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, Mba 1; nke ya, Ladovaya usoro S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Symphonies Prokofiev. Ahụmahụ nyocha, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Chromatic Sistemu, “Egwu egwu”, vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Ụdị nke Prokofiev's symphonies, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Nsụgharị Russian - Kohoutek Ts., Usoro ihe mejupụtara na egwu nke narị afọ 1976, M., XNUMX).
Yu. N. Kholopov
