Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |

Vladimir Dranishnikov

Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke RSFSR (1933). Na 1909 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na regency klas nke Court Singing Chapel na aha nke regent, na 1916 na St. Petersburg Conservatory, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (na-eduzi ihe). ). Na 1914 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-egwu pianist na Mariinsky Theatre. Ebe ọ bụ na 1918 onye nduzi, ebe ọ bụ na 1925 onyeisi nduzi na onye isi nke akụkụ egwu nke ihe nkiri a.

Dranishnikov bụ onye nduzi opera pụtara ìhè. Nkpughe miri emi nke ihe nkiri egwu egwu nke arụmọrụ opera, mmetụta dị nro nke ogbo ahụ, ihe ọhụrụ na ịdị ọhụrụ nke nkọwa jikọtara ya na echiche ziri ezi nke nguzozi n'etiti ụkpụrụ ụda olu na ngwá ọrụ, ike choral - na oke cantilena ọgaranya. nke ụda orchestral.

N'okpuru nduzi nke Dranishnikov, e mere operas oge ochie na Mariinsky Theatre (gụnyere Boris Godunov, na nsụgharị onye edemede nke MP Mussorgsky, 1928; The Queen of Spades, 1935, na operas ndị ọzọ nke PI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), ọrụ nke Soviet ("Eagle nnupụisi" Pashchenko, 1925; "Ịhụnanya maka Oranges Atọ" Prokofiev, 1926; "Ọkụ nke Paris" Asafiev, 1932) na ndị na-ede egwú Western Europe nke oge a ("Mgbanaka dị anya" nke Schreker dere. , 1925; “Wozzeck” nke Berg, 1927).

Ebe ọ bụ na 1936 Dranishnikov bụ onye nduzi nka na onye isi nduzi nke Kyiv Opera Theatre; eduzi mmepụta nke Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (mbipụta ọhụrụ nke BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eduzi symphony na pianist (na USSR na ná mba ọzọ).

Onye dere edemede, ọrụ egwu (“Symphonic etude” maka piano nwere orc., ụda olu, wdg) na ndegharị. MF Rylsky raara onwe ya nye sonnet "Ọnwụ nke dike" na ebe nchekwa Dranishnikov.

Ngwakọta: Opera "Ịhụnanya maka Oranges atọ". Maka mmepụta nke opera nke S. Prokofiev, na: Ịhụnanya maka oranges atọ, L., 1926; Ndị egwú Symphony Modern, na: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Artist EB Wolf-Israel a na-asọpụrụ. Ruo afọ 40 nke ọrụ nka ya, L., 1934; Egwuregwu egwu egwu nke Queen of Spades, na mkpokọta: Queen of Spades. Opera nke PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Onye na-ese ihe dị egwu na oke iwe, onye na-eme ihe ọhụrụ, onye na-achọpụta ọhụụ ọhụrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu - otu a ka Dranishnikov si bata nka nka. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ mepụtara ihe nkiri opera Soviet, otu n'ime ndị nduzi mbụ nke ọrụ ya bụ nke oge anyị.

Dranishnikov mere mpụta mbụ ya na podium mgbe ọ ka bụ nwata akwụkwọ n'oge egwu okpomọkụ na Pavlovsk. N'afọ 1918, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Petrograd Conservatory dị ka onye nduzi (ya na N. Cherepnin), onye na-egwu pianist na onye na-ede egwú, ọ malitere iduzi na Mariinsky Theatre, bụ ebe ọ na-arụbu ọrụ dị ka onye na-eso ya. Kemgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ibe na-egbuke egbuke na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu a jikọtara aha Dranishnikov, bụ onye na 1925 ghọrọ onye isi nduzi ya. Ọ na-adọta ndị nduzi kachasị mma na-arụ ọrụ, na-emelite repertoire. Mpaghara niile nke ụlọ ihe nkiri egwu dị n'okpuru ikike ya. Ọrụ kacha amasị Dranishnikov gụnyere operas nke Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, na karịsịa Tchaikovsky (ọ mebere The Queen of Spades, Iolanta, na Mazeppa, ihe opera nke, n'okwu Asafiev, ọ "chọpụtara ọzọ, na-ekpughe obi mgbakasị ahụ, obi ụtọ nke ihe a na-egbuke egbuke. egwu juicy, pathos ya nwere obi ike, ịdị nwayọọ ya, lyricism nwanyị”. Dranishnikov tụgharịrị gaa na egwu ochie ("The Water Carrier" nke Cherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" nke Rossini), sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Wagner ("Gold of the Rhine", "Ọnwụ nke Chi", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi. ("Il trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello"), Wiese ("Carmen"). Ma o ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a, na nke mbụ gosipụtara Leningraders Strauss's The Rosenkavalier, Lovehụnanya Prokofiev maka Oranges Atọ, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Nnupụisi Ugo Pashchenko, na Deshevov's Ice na Steel. N'ikpeazụ, ọ weghaara akwụkwọ akụkọ ballet n'aka onye agadi Drigo, na-emelite Nights Egypt, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, na-esetịpụ ọkụ nke Paris. Nke a bụ ụdị ọrụ omenkà a.

Ka anyị tinye na Dranishnikov rụrụ mgbe nile na concerts, ebe ọ karịsịa ihe ịga nke ọma na Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, na-arụ ọrụ site French Impressionists. Na arụmọrụ ọ bụla, ihe nkiri ọ bụla nke Dranishnikov mere na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime ikuku nke ụtọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na-esote ihe omume dị oke mkpa nka. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị nkatọ jisiri ike 'jide' ya na obere mmejọ, enwere mgbede mgbe onye na-ese ihe chere na ọ bụghị ọnọdụ, mana ọ nweghị onye nwere ike ịgọnarị talent ya na-adọrọ adọrọ.

Ọkammụta B. Asafiev, bụ́ onye nwere ekele dị ukwuu maka nkà Dranishnikov, dere, sị: “Omume ya nile “megidere ihe dị ugbu a,” megidere ndị ọkà mmụta na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. N'ịbụ onye, ​​nke mbụ, onye na-egwu egwu na-emetụ n'ahụ, nke nwere nkà, onye nwere ntị dị mma nke dị n'ime, nke mere ka ọ nụ akara ahụ tupu ọ na-ada ụda na orchestra, Dranishnikov na arụmọrụ ya si na egwu na-eduzi, ma ọ bụghị nke ọzọ. Ọ mepụtara usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke mbụ, na-adabere kpamkpam na atụmatụ, echiche na mmetụta uche, ọ bụghịkwa naanị usoro nke mmegharị plastik, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emekarị maka mmasị ọha na eze.

Dranishnikov, bụ onye na-enwe nchegbu mgbe nile banyere nsogbu nke egwu egwu dị ka okwu ndụ, ya bụ, nke mbụ, nkà nke intonation, nke ike nke ịkpọ okwu, nkwupụta okwu, na-ebu isi okwu nke egwu a ma na-agbanwe ụda anụ ahụ n'ime a. onye na-ebu echiche - Dranishnikov chọrọ ime aka onye nduzi - usoro onye nduzi - iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma na nke dị nro, dị ka akụkụ ahụ nke okwu mmadụ, nke mere na egwu na-ada ụda na arụmọrụ bụ isi dị ka ntinye ndụ, nke na-ekpo ọkụ nke mmetụta uche, ihe nrịbama. nke na-enye nkọwa n'ezie. Ọchịchọ ya ndị a nọ n'otu ụgbọ elu yana echiche nke nnukwu ndị okike nke nka n'ezie…

… Mgbanwe nke “aka na-ekwu okwu” bụ ihe pụrụ iche, asụsụ nke egwu, ihe omimi ya dị n'aka ya site na nka na nka niile. Ọ bụghị otu ụda nke na-emetụ n'ozuzu pụtara ọrụ na ọ bụghị otu ụda nke onyinyo ahụ, site na ihe ngosi nka nke echiche na nke ndụ innation - nke a bụ otú mmadụ nwere ike isi mepụta credo Dranishnikov onye ntụgharị okwu. .

Onye nwere nchekwube site n'okike, ọ na-achọ egwu egwu, nke mbụ, nkwenye ndụ - ya mere ọbụna ọrụ ndị kachasị njọ, ọbụna na-arụ ọrụ ndị na-akpata obi abụọ, malitere ịda ụda dị ka onyinyo nke enweghị olileanya ka metụrụ ha aka, "ma na isi ịhụnanya ebighi ebi nke ndụ na-abụ abụ gbasara onwe ya mgbe niile” … Dranishnikov nọrọ afọ ikpeazụ ya na Kyiv, ebe site na 1936 ọ gara Opera na Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya rụrụ ebe a bụ mmepụta nke "Taras Bulba" nke Lysenko, "Shchors" nke Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" nke Meitus, Rybalchenko na Titsa. Ọnwụ na-egbughị oge ruru Dranishnikov na-arụ ọrụ - ozugbo mmalite nke opera ikpeazụ.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.