Samuil Abramovich Samosud (Samuil Samosud) |

Samuil Samosud

Soviet eduzi, ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR (1937), onye mmeri nke atọ Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1952). “A mụrụ m n’obodo Tiflis. Papa m bụ onye nduzi. Ọchịchọ egwú pụtara ìhè n'oge m bụ nwata. Nna m kụziiri m ịkpọ cornet-a-piston na cello. Ihe nkiri solo m malitere mgbe m dị afọ isii. Mgbe e mesịrị, na Tiflis Conservatory, amalitere m iso Prọfesọ E. Gijini mụọ ngwá ọrụ ikuku na cello na Prọfesọ A. Polivko.” Ya mere Samosud na-amalite ndetu akụkọ ndụ ya.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na 1905, onye na-eto eto na-egwu egwu gara Prague, bụ ebe ọ na-amụ ihe na onye na-ahụ maka cellist G. Vigan, yana onye isi nduzi nke Prague Opera K. Kovarzovits. Mgbanwe ọzọ nke SA Samosud mere na Parisian "Schola Cantorum" n'okpuru nduzi nke onye na-ede egwú V. d'Andy na onye nduzi E. Colonne. Ma eleghị anya, ọbụna mgbe ahụ o mere mkpebi itinye onwe ya n'omume. Ka o sina dị, ruo oge ụfọdụ ka o si mba ọzọ lọta, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú n'ụlọ ndị mmadụ St. Petersburg.

Kemgbe 1910, Samosud rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi opera. N'ụlọ ndị mmadụ, n'okpuru ya, e nwere Faust, Lakme, Oprichnik, Dubrovsky. Na 1916 ọ duziri "Mermaid" na òkè nke F. Chaliapin. Samosud chetara, sị: “Galinkin, bụ́ onye na-emekarị ihe nkiri Shalyapin, ahụ́ adịchaghị m mma, ndị egwú gbakwara m ume. N'ihi na m bụ ntorobịa, Chaliapin enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'atụmatụ a, mana n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ kwetara. Omume a rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ na ndụ m, ebe ọ bụ na n'ọdịnihu, m na-eduzi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe omume niile nke Chaliapin, na ugbua na nkwenye ya. Mkparịta ụka kwa ụbọchị na Chaliapin - onye na-agụ egwu na-egbuke egbuke, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi - bụụrụ m nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe nke meghere ọhụụ ọhụrụ na nkà.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Samosud nwere onwe ya, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, kewara ụzọ abụọ - Leningrad na Moscow. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ na Mariinsky Theatre (1917-1919), onye nduzi na-eduzi ìgwè egwu a mụrụ na October - Maly Opera Theatre na Leningrad ma bụrụ onye nduzi nkà ya ruo 1936. Ọ bụ ekele maka uru Samosud na ihe nkiri a nwetara n'ụzọ ziri ezi. aha nke "laboratory nke Soviet opera." Ihe ngosi mara mma nke opera oge gboo (The Abduction from the Seraglio, Carmen, Falstaff, Snow Maiden, The Golden Cockerel, wdg) na ọrụ ọhụrụ nke ndị edemede si mba ọzọ (Krenek, Dressel, wdg)). Otú ọ dị, Samosud hụrụ ọrụ ya bụ isi n'ịmepụta ihe nkiri Soviet nke oge a. Ọ gbalịkwara ịrụzu ọrụ a n'esepụghị aka na nzube ya. Laa azụ n'ime afọ iri abụọ, Malegot tụgharịrị gaa na ngosi na gburugburu mgbanwe mgbanwe - "Maka Red Petrograd" nke A. Gladkovsky na E. Prussak (1925), "Iri abụọ na ise" nke S. Strassenburg dabeere na uri Mayakovsky "Ezigbo" (1927), Otu ìgwè ndị na-eto eto gbadoro ụkwụ na gburugburu Samosud Leningrad composers bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na opera genre - D. Shostakovich ("The imi", "Lady Macbeth nke Mtsensk District"), I. Dzerzhinsky ("Quiet Flows na Don"), V. Zhelobinsky ("Kamarinsky Muzhik", "Aha Day"), V Voloshinov na ndị ọzọ.

Lynching ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na nraranye na-adịghị ahụkebe rụọ ọrụ. Onye na-ede egwú bụ I. Dzerzhinsky dere, sị: "Ọ maara ụlọ ihe nkiri dị ka ọ dịghị onye ọzọ ... Nye ya, ihe nkiri opera bụ ngwakọta nke ihe nkiri egwu na ihe nkiri dị egwu n'ime otu dum, ịmepụta ihe ngosi nka n'ezie n'ihu otu atụmatụ. , subordination nke ihe niile nke arụmọrụ na isi, na-eduga echiche nke uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe ọrụ ... ikike C A. Onwe-ikpe onwe dabeere na oké omenala, okike obi ike, ike na-arụ ọrụ na ike ime ka ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ya onwe ya na-abanye n'ime nkà niile "obere ihe" nke mmepụta. Enwere ike ịhụ ya ka ya na ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị ọrụ ogbo na-ekwurịta okwu. N'oge mmeghari, ọ na-ahapụkarị onye nduzi na, ya na onye nduzi, na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri mise en, na-akpali onye na-agụ egwú maka àgwà àgwà, na-adụ ọdụ ka onye na-ese ihe gbanwee nke a ma ọ bụ nke ahụ zuru ezu, kọwaara ndị ukwe otu ebe na-adịghị mma n'ime ụlọ. akara, wdg Samosud bụ ezigbo onye nduzi nke arụmọrụ, na-eke ya dị ka ejiri nlezianya chepụta - n'ụzọ zuru ezu - atụmatụ. Nke a na-enye obi ike na idoanya n'omume ya. "

Mmụọ nke ọchụchọ na ihe ọhụrụ na-ekewa ọrụ Samosud na post nke onye nduzi nke Bolshoi Theatre nke USSR (1936-1943). O kere ebe a n'ezie kpochapụla mmepụta nke Ivan Susanin na mbipụta akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na Ruslan na Lyudmila. Ka na orbit nke onye nduzi anya bụ opera Soviet. N'okpuru nduzi ya, I. Dzerzhinsky's "Virgin Soil Upturned" na-emebe na Bolshoi Theater, na n'oge Great Patriotic War, o mere D. Kablevsky opera "On Fire".

The ọzọ ogbo nke ihe okike ndụ Samosud jikọtara ya na Musical Ụlọ ihe nkiri aha ya bụ KS Stanislavsky na VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, ebe ọ bụ onye isi nke music ngalaba na onyeisi nduzi (1943-1950). "Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ichefu mmegharị nke Samosud," ka ndị na-ese ihe nkiri N. Kemarskaya, T. Yanko na S. Tsenin dere. - Ma a na-akwado operetta obi ụtọ "Onye arịrịọ" nke Millöker, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ume dị egwu - "Ịhụnanya Mmiri" nke Encke, ma ọ bụ egwu egwu egwu Khrennikov "Frol Skobeev" - n'okpuru nduzi ya - otú Samuel Abramovich si banye n'ime ya. nwee ike ileba anya na isi ihe oyiyi ahụ, lee ka o si jiri amamihe na aghụghọ duru onye na-eme ihe ngosi na ule niile, site na ọṅụ niile dị n'ọrụ ahụ! Dị ka Samuil Abramovich gosipụtara n'ụzọ nkà na mmeghari ahụ, ihe oyiyi nke Panova dị na Lyubov Yarovaya, nke dị mgbagwoju anya ma na egwu egwu na usoro omume, ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi na-akpali akpali ma na-ama jijiji nke Laura na nwa akwụkwọ arịrịọ! Na ya na nke a - ihe oyiyi nke Euphrosyne, Taras ma ọ bụ Nazar na opera "The Family of Taras" nke Kablevsky.

N'oge Great Patriotic War, Samosud bụ onye mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri nke D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony (1942). Na 1946, Leningrad music hụrụ ya ọzọ na akara panel nke Maly Opera Ụlọ ihe nkiri. N'okpuru nduzi ya, e mere ihe nkiri mbụ nke S. Prokofiev opera "Agha na Udo". Samosud nwere ezigbo enyi Prokofiev. Onye na-ede egwú nyere ya ikike igosi ndị na-ege ntị (ma e wezụga "Agha na Udo") Symphony Seventh (1952), oratorio "Guarding the World" (1950), "Winter Fire" suite (1E50) na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. . N’otu n’ime ozi teligram e zigara onye nduzi ahụ, S. Prokofiev dere, sị: “Eji m obi ụtọ na-echeta gị dị ka onye nwere nkà, nkà na onye na-enweghị atụ nke nsụgharị nke ọtụtụ ọrụ m.”

N'isi ụlọ ihe nkiri aha ya bụ KS Stanislavsky na VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Samosud na-eduzi n'otu oge na All-Union Radio Opera na Symphony Orchestra, na n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ọ nọwo na isi nke Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. Na ebe nchekwa nke ọtụtụ, a na-echekwa ihe ngosi ya mara mma nke operas na arụmọrụ egwu - Wagner's Lohengrin na Meistersingers, Rossini's The Thieving Magpies na The Italians in Algeria, Tchaikovsky's Enchantresses ... Na ihe niile Samosuda mere maka mmepe nke nkà Soviet agaghị adị. echefughị ​​​​ndị egwu ma ọ bụ ndị hụrụ egwu n'anya.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek