Jussi Björling |

Jussi Björling

Ndị nkatọ na-akpọ Swede Jussi Björling ka ọ bụrụ naanị onye iro nke nnukwu Italian Beniamino Gigli. A na-akpọkwa otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwu egwu "Jussi hụrụ n'anya", "Apollo bel canto". VV Timokhin kwuru, sị: “Björling nwere olu mara mma pụrụ iche, nke nwere àgwà Ịtali pụrụ iche. "Oge ya ji nchapụta na ọkụ dị ịtụnanya merie, ụda ahụ n'onwe ya dị iche site na plasticity na-adịghị ahụkebe, ịdị nro, mgbanwe ma n'otu oge ahụ bara ọgaranya, na-egbuke egbuke, na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ime ebe niile, olu onye na-ese ihe na-ada ọbụna n'efu - ndetu elu ya na-egbuke egbuke ma mara mma, ndekọ etiti na-adọrọ mmasị na nro dị ụtọ. Na n'ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-agụ egwú, mmadụ nwere ike na-enwe mmetụta nke Italian obi ụtọ, mkpali, obi ụtọ imeghe, ọ bụ ezie na ụdị ọ bụla nke mmetụta uche ikwubiga okwu ókè bụ mgbe niile ọbịa na Björling.

Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịnala nke Italian bel canto ma bụrụ onye ọbụ abụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ịma mma ya. Ndị nkatọ ndị ahụ na-ahọpụta Björling n'etiti ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ nke ndị na-azụ ahịa Italian a ma ama (dị ka Caruso, Gigli ma ọ bụ Pertile) ziri ezi, maka onye ịma mma nke abụ abụ, plasticity nke sayensị ụda, na ịhụnanya maka okwu legato bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ime ihe nkiri ahụ. ọdịdị. Ọbụna n'ọrụ nke ụdị veristic, Björling ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kpafuru akpafu na mmetụta, melodramatic strain, ọ dịghị mgbe mebiri mma nke a olu nkebi ahịrịokwu na-abụ abụ ma ọ bụ ikwubiga okwu ókè. Site na ihe a niile, ọ naghị agbaso ma ọlị na Björling abụghị onye na-agụ egwu nke ọma. Na ihe animation na mmasị olu ya na-ada na-egbuke egbuke dị egwu nkiri nke operas site Verdi na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke veristic - ma ọ bụ njedebe nke Il trovatore ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke Turiddu na Santuzza si Rural Honor! Björling bụ onye na-ese ihe nwere echiche nke ọma mepere emepe, nkwekọ n'ime ya dum, onye na-agụ egwú Sweden a ma ama wetara ọmarịcha nka, ụda akụkọ gbadoro anya n'ụdị arụmọrụ Italiantali yana ike mmụọ ya na-emesi ike.

Olu nke Björling (yana olu nke Kirsten Flagstad) nwere ndò pụrụ iche nke elegiacism ọkụ, nke e ji mara ebe ugwu, egwu Grieg na Sibelius. Ịdị nro a dị nro nyere cantilena Ịtali pụrụ iche na-emetụ n'ahụ, ihe nkiri egwu nke Björling ji ụda mgbaasị, ịma mma anwansi.

Yuhin Jonatan Björling mụrụ na February 2, 1911 na Stora Tuna n'ime ezinụlọ egwu. Nna ya, David Björling, bụ onye ama ama nke ọma, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Vienna Conservatory. Nna ahụ rọrọ nrọ na ụmụ ya Olle, Jussi na Yesta ga-abụ ndị na-abụ abụ. Ya mere, Jussi nwetara nkuzi mbụ ya nke ịbụ abụ n'aka nna ya. Oge eruola mgbe nwa nwoke di ya nwụrụ nke mbụ David kpebiri ịkpọrọ ụmụ ya gaa n'ebe egwu egwu iji nye ezinụlọ ya nri, ma n'otu oge ahụ webata ụmụ okorobịa ahụ na egwu. Nna ya haziri otu ọgbakọ olu ezinụlọ akpọrọ Björling Quartet, nke obere Jussi bụrụ akụkụ soprano.

Anọ ndị a rụrụ na chọọchị dị iche iche, klọb, agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ na mba. Ihe nkiri ndị a bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị mma maka ndị na-agụ egwú n'ọdịnihu - ụmụ nwoke site na nwata na-ejikarị na-ewere onwe ha ndị na-ese ihe. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ka ọ na-erule oge a na-eme ihe nkiri na quartet, e nwere ihe ndekọ nke otu obere nwa Jussi dị afọ itoolu, nke e mere na 1920. Ọ malitere ịdekọ mgbe nile site na 18 afọ.

Afọ abụọ tupu nna ya anwụọ, Jussi na ụmụnne ya kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma tupu ha enwee ike imezu nrọ ha nke ịbụ ndị ọkachamara n'ịgụ egwú. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Jussi jisiri ike banye Royal Academy of Music na Stockholm, na klas nke D. Forsel, mgbe ahụ onyeisi nke opera ụlọ.

Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, na 1930, Jussi rụrụ ọrụ mbụ na ogbo nke Stockholm Opera House. Onye na-eto eto na-abụ abụ bụrụ akụkụ nke Don Ottavio na Mozart's Don Giovanni ma nwee nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, Björling nọgidere na-amụ na Royal Opera School na Italian onye nkụzi Tullio Voger. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Björling ghọrọ onye na-agụ egwú na Stockholm Opera House.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1933, ama nke nkà na-agụ egwú agbasawo na Europe dum. A na-akwado nke a site na njem nlegharị anya ya na-aga nke ọma na Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo, Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Paris, Florence. Nnabata nke ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nke onye na-ese ihe na Swedish manyere ndị nduzi ụlọ ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ obodo iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngosi na nsonye ya dịkwuo elu. Onye nduzi a ma ama bụ Arturo Toscanini kpọrọ onye na-agụ egwú na Salzburg Festival na 1937, bụ ebe onye na-ese ihe rụrụ ọrụ Don Ottavio.

N'otu afọ ahụ, Björling mere nke ọma na USA. Mgbe arụmọrụ nke ihe omume solo na obodo Springfield (Massachusetts), ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ wetara akụkọ banyere egwu ahụ n'ihu ihu.

Dị ka ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe nkiri si kwuo, Björling ghọrọ tenor nke ọdụdụ onye Metropolitan Opera ya na ya bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ịrụ ọrụ na-edu ndú. Na Nọvemba 24, Jussi batara na ogbo nke Metropolitan nke mbụ, na-eme mpụta mbụ ya na nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na opera La bohème. Na December 2, onye na-ese ihe na-abụ abụ akụkụ nke Manrico na Il trovatore. Ọzọkwa, dị ka ndị nkatọ si kwuo, na "mma na ịma mma pụrụ iche" dị otú ahụ, nke kpaliri ndị America ozugbo. Nke ahụ bụ ezi mmeri nke Björling.

VV Timokhin na-ede, sị: "Björling mere mpụta mbụ ya na ogbo nke London's Covent Garden Theatre na 1939 na-enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma, na oge 1940/41 na Metropolitan meghere egwuregwu Un ballo in maschera, bụ́ nke onye na-ese ihe bụrụ akụkụ nke Richard. Site n'ọdịnala, ndị nlekọta ihe nkiri na-akpọ ndị na-agụ egwú bụ ndị na-ege ntị karịsịa ka ha bịa na mmeghe nke oge. Banyere opera Verdi a kpọtụrụ aha, emere ya ikpeazụ na New York ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke narị afọ gara aga! Na 1940, Björling rụrụ na nke mbụ ogbo nke San Francisco Opera (Un ballo in maschera na La bohème).

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, onye na-agụ egwú na-eme naanị na Sweden. N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1941, ndị ọchịchị German maara na Björling na-emegide ndị Fascist, jụrụ ya visa njem site na Germany, dị mkpa maka njem na United States; mgbe ahụ, a kagburu njem ya na Vienna, ebe ọ jụrụ ịbụ abụ na German na "La Boheme" na "Rigoletto". Björling rụrụ ọtụtụ oge na egwu egwu nke International Red Cross haziri iji kwado ndị Nazi tara ahụhụ, wee si otú ahụ nweta nkwanye ùgwù pụrụ iche na ekele site n'aka ọtụtụ puku ndị na-ege ntị.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị maara ọrụ nke onye nwe Swedish ekele maka ndekọ ahụ. Kemgbe 1938 ọ nọ na-edekọ egwu Ịtali n'asụsụ mbụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye na-ese egwú na-abụ abụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nnwere onwe na Ịtali, French, German na English: n'otu oge ahụ, ịma mma nke olu, nkà olu, izi ezi nke intonation adịghị arara ya. N'ozuzu, Björling metụtakwara onye na-ege ntị nke ọma site n'enyemaka nke ụda olu ya kasị baa ọgaranya na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na-emeghị ihe ngosi dị egwu na ọdịdị ihu na ogbo.

Afọ ndị agha gachara bụ ịrị elu ọhụrụ nke nkà dị egwu nke onye na-ese ihe, na-ewetara ya akara ngosi ọhụrụ. Ọ na-eme na ụlọ opera kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-enye ọtụtụ ihe nkiri.

Ya mere, na oge 1945/46, onye na-agụ egwú na-abụ abụ na Metropolitan, na-eme njem na ọkwa nke ụlọ opera na Chicago na San Francisco. Mgbe ahụ ruo afọ iri na ise, ụlọ ọrụ opera America ndị a na-anabatakarị onye na-ese ihe ama ama. N'ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri Metropolitan kemgbe oge ahụ, naanị oge atọ agafeela na-enweghị òkè nke Björling.

N'ịbụ onye a ma ama, Björling emebighị, Otú ọ dị, ya na obodo ya, nọgidere na-eme ihe mgbe nile na Stockholm. N'ebe a, ọ na-enwu ọ bụghị nanị na okpueze Ịtali, kamakwa ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ihe iji kwalite ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú Swedish, nke a rụrụ na operas The Bride site na T. Rangstrom, Fanal nke K. Atterberg, Engelbrecht nke N. Berg.

Mma na ike nke lyrical-dị egwu tenor, ịdị ọcha nke innation, kristal doro anya akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na impeccable pronunciation n'asụsụ isii aghọwo n'ezie kpara. N'ime ihe ndị kachasị elu nke onye na-ese ihe, nke mbụ, bụ ọrụ na operas nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ịtali - site na oge ochie ruo na verists: The Barber of Seville na William Tell nke Rossini; "Rigoletto", "La Traviata", "Aida", "Trovatore" nke Verdi dere; "Tosca", "Cio-Cio-San", "Turandot" nke Puccini dere; "Clowns" nke Leoncavallo dere; Ime obodo Sọpụrụ Mascagni. Ma na nke a, ya na ndị magburu onwe Belmont na The abduction si Seraglio na Tamino na Magic Flute, Florestan na Fidelio, Lensky na Vladimir Igorevich, Faust na Gounod si opera. N'otu okwu, oke okike Björling dị obosara ka oke olu ya siri ike. Na repertoire ya e nwere ihe karịrị iri anọ akụkụ opera, o dekọrọ ọtụtụ irighiri ndekọ. N'ime ihe nkiri, Jussi Björling na ụmụnne ya na-eme oge ụfọdụ, bụ ndị ghọkwara ndị na-ese ihe ama ama, na mgbe ụfọdụ ya na nwunye ya, onye ọbụ abụ nwere nkà Anne-Lisa Berg.

Ọrụ mara mma nke Björling kwụsịrị na zenith ya. Ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa obi malitere ịpụta ugbua na etiti afọ 50, ma onye na-ese ihe gbalịrị ka ọ ghara ịhụ ha. Na March 1960, o nwetara nkụchi obi n'oge ọrụ London nke La bohème; Ekwesịrị ịkagbu ihe ngosi ahụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ onye na-agbake nke ọma, Jussi pụtara ọzọ na ogbo mgbe ọkara otu awa gachara, mgbe opera gwụchara, e nyere ya otuto na-enweghị atụ.

Ndị dọkịta siri ọnwụ na ọgwụgwọ ogologo oge. Björling jụrụ ịla ezumike nká, na June nke otu afọ ahụ, o mere ndekọ ikpeazụ ya - Verdi's Requiem.

Na 9th nke August o nyere egwu egwu na Gothenburg, nke a kara aka na ọ ga-abụ ọrụ ikpeazụ nke nnukwu onye na-agụ egwú. Arias sitere na Lohengrin, Onegin, Manon Lesko, egwu Alven na Sibelius mere. Björling nwụrụ izu ise ka e mesịrị na Septemba 1960, XNUMX.

Onye na-agụ egwú enweghị oge iji mejuputa ọtụtụ atụmatụ ya. Ugbua na ọdịda, onye na-ese ihe na-eme atụmatụ isonye na mmeghari ohuru nke opera Puccini Manon Lescaut na ogbo nke Metropolitan. N'isi obodo Italy, ọ ga-emecha ndekọ nke akụkụ Richard na Un ballo na maschera. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dekọtara akụkụ Romeo na opera Gounod.