mkpụrụedemede egwu |
Mkpụrụedemede egwu - usoro iwu Russian oge ochie. ohere (aha "mkpụrụedemede" malitere itinye ha naanị na narị afọ nke 18). Ndị mbụ n'ime ha malitere na narị afọ nke 15. E tinyere ha n'akwụkwọ abụ, na-eji peeji 2-3 na quarto. Nke mbụ A.m. e nwere oke na ndepụta nke akara egwu - ọkọlọtọ (lee. Znamenny chant). Na narị afọ nke 16, na ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka, agbakwunyere "nkọwa nke ọkọlọtọ" na ndepụta ahụ, nke nwere nkọwa nke "otu esi abụ" na nkesa "dị ka olu" (lee Osmoglasie). E nwekwara ihe dabara na A.m., ya bụ egwu. usoro e dere site n'enyemaka nke pụrụ iche, "nzuzo mechiri emechi" nke akara nke Znamenny odide. Fits rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụda olu, na-enyere aka ịzụlite ebe nchekwa egwu, iku ume, na nka n'ịkpọ nnukwu cantilena na nkebi okwu. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dabara mụbara (na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 16, e nwere ihe karịrị otu narị n'ime ha), ọ bịara na-esiwanye ike icheta ha. E nwere mkpa maka ụgwọ ọrụ pụrụ iche - nke a na-akpọ. ihe mgbatị ahụ; e nyere ha ihe odide dabara adaba na aha ha, ma nyekwa okwu ndị ahụ, bụ́ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n’ịbụ abụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, a malitere iwebata “nkewa” n'ime fitniks, ya bụ, ndekọ nke otu dabara na ndetu nko a na-emebu. Site na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 17, akwụkwọ ntuziaka ndị a na-ahụ anya na-egosi usoro egwu egwu nke malitere ntọala nke abụ Znamenny - "kokizniki" (site na kokiza - aha ochie Russian maka abụ). E kesara Kokiza dịka olu si dị. N'akụkụ ihe odide kokiza na aha ya, otu okwu ma ọ bụ akpaokwu sitere na Ph.D. egwu kachasị ama nke ejiri ya mee ihe.
Kacha zuru ezu na usoro usoro iwu. Ntuziaka maka ịbụ abụ Znamenny bụ Notice of Concordant Marks, nke otu ndị ọkachamara chịkọtara na 1668 site n'aka onye mọnk gụrụ akwụkwọ bụ Alexander Mezenets. N'ime ọrụ a, maka oge mbụ, usoro nke akara, ntụgharị, nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke mere ka ideographic doo anya. nko ide usoro.
Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 17, mgbe ejiri akara ahịrị ise mee ihe, e mepụtara ụdị ọzọ nke usoro ihe ọmụma. ohere - ọkọlọtọ okpukpu abụọ, nke, n'otu aka ahụ na ntinye nko nke kokiz na dabara, a na-enye nsụgharị ha n'ime usoro notolinear (lee ọkọlọtọ Double). N'ime afọ 90, mọnk Tikhon Makaryevsky chịkọtara "Igodo" iji gụọ akwụkwọ ozi nko, nke a na-akọwapụta nko, egwu na ihe dabara n'otu n'otu site na iji akara akara ise.
Ịbụ abụ nke ụdị ochie gara n'ihu dị ka narị afọ nke 18, ma ndị kwere ekwe ochie jiri ya mee ihe mgbe e mesịrị, ma enwekwaghị otu ihe ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na mmepe nke egwu znamenny n'onwe ya kwụsịrị na mmalite nke 17 na 18th. ọtụtụ narị afọ.
Ihe odide nke A. m. na-echekwara na steeti. na-edebe akwụkwọ akụkọ ma na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ omenala egwu Russia oge ochie.
References: ABC nke Znamenny Sing (Ọkwa nke Concordant Marks) nke Okenye Alexander Mezenets. E bipụtara ya na nkọwa na ndetu nke St. Smolensky, Kazan, 1888; Uspensky N., nka egwu egwu ochie nke Russia, M., 1965, 1971; Brazhnikov MV, Ozizi egwu nke Russian ochie, L., 1972.
ND Uspensky
