Ụda fretted |

Echiche egwu egwu-echiche nke BL Yavorsky mepụtara. Ná mmalite (ebe ọ bụ na 1908) a na-akpọ ya "usoro nke okwu egwu", ebe 1918 - "echiche nke ike ndọda"; L. r. - aha ya kacha ewu ewu ( ewepụtara na 1912). Isi mmalite nke tiori nke L. River. mepụtara na mmalite afọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Okwu LR” pụtara mkpughe nke ọnọdụ n'oge. Isi mmalite nke tiori nke LR: ịdị adị nke abụọ na-emegide ụdị mmekọrịta ụda - ejighị n'aka na kwụsie ike; mmasị nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi na mkpebi n'ime nkwụsi ike bụ isi na muses. ike na karịsịa maka ewu frets. Dị ka Yavorsky si kwuo, ụda ike ndọda nwere njikọ chiri anya na nghazi nke mmadụ n'ime oghere gbara ya gburugburu, dị ka ọ na-egosi na ọnọdụ nke akụkụ ahụ nke nguzozi - ọwa mmiri semicircular na akụkụ anụ ahụ nke na-aghọta egwu. Ihe dị iche na dissonance na consonance bụ na ụda na-adịghị akwụsi ike na etiti oge nwere ike ịgbakọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, hd atọ ma ọ bụ fa na C-dur) na, n'aka nke ọzọ, consonances kwụsiri ike (tonics) nke mode nwere ike ịgbasa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba na mbelata triads) . Yavorsky na-ahụ isi iyi nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi na etiti nke triton (" isii-luton ratio"). Na nke a, ọ na-adabere n'echiche nke tritone dị ka ihe mkpali dị mkpa maka mmepe modal, nke SI Taneev kwadoro na con. Narị afọ 19 (ọrụ "Analysis of modulation plans in Beethoven's sonatas") wee mepụta ya ka e mesịrị (akwụkwọ ozi NN Amani, 1903). Ahụmahụ nke nyochaa ihe atụ bunks dugakwara n'echiche nke mkpa pụrụ iche nke Yavorsky's newt. egwu. Tinyere mkpebi ya na isi atọ, triton na-etolite isi ịdị n'otu nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi na nkwụsi ike - "otu usoro symmetrical"; Sistemu abụọ dị otu a n'ebe dị anya na-agbakọta n'ime "usoro symmetrical okpukpu abụọ", ebe mkpebi ahụ bụ obere nke atọ. Nchikota nke usoro ndị a na-etolite decomp. frets, na enweghị ike nke otu usoro na-ewebata ọrụ ("oge modal") nke na-achị, na usoro abụọ na-ewebata subdominants. Ọnọdụ nke ụda kwekọrọ na-ekpebi ogo nke ike ha ("ọkụ").

N'ihi ya, a na-eche n'otu n'otu dị ka usoro gravitations ("conjugations") nke ụda na-adịghị akwụsi ike ghọọ ndị kwụsiri ike na-edozi ha. Site ebe a na-abịa n'ozuzu anabata na ikwiikwii. musicology, echiche nke mode dị ka a ukwuu haziri ụkpụrụ nke ike. agwa, dị ka mgba nke ndị agha na-emegide. Nkọwa nke mode dị nnọọ omimi ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ (ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ adịghị egosi nhazi nke ime nke ọnọdụ ahụ).

Tinyere isi na obere, tiori nke linear r. substantiates na ụdịdị, tonics nke na-adịghị na-anọchi anya consonant consonances: mụbara, ibelata, yinye (njikọ nke abụọ buru ibu ụzọ atọ, ọmụmaatụ, ce-es-g, ntụgharị isi-obere nke otu aha). Otu pụrụ iche mejupụtara ụdịdị mgbanwe, ebe otu ụda ahụ nwere ike inwe ihe abụọ pụtara - ejighị n'aka na nke kwụsiri ike, nke bụ ihe kpatara nkwụsị nke tonic. Ihe kachasị mgbagwoju anya bụ "ụdị ụzọ abụọ" nke na-ebilite mgbe a na-edozi nsogbu ahụ ugboro abụọ - "n'ime na n'èzí" (mkpebi abụọ ahụ na-ekewapụ ibe ha site na tritone, nke mere na okpukpu abụọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ejikọta ihe ịrịba ama nke ihe ịrịba ama. C-dur na Fis-dur).

Ụdị nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara njirimara nke ya (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọnọdụ na-abawanye - mkpebi nke triad kwekọrọ, usoro na isi ụzọ atọ ma ọ bụ obere isii, kọlụm nwere oke nke isii, ntọala mgbakwasa na etiti oge nke atọ na-ebelata, wdg. ). Nweta nkọwa. akpịrịkpa: ọnụ ọgụgụ pentatonic (isi ma ọ bụ obere na tritone na-ada ụda), "Ọnọdụ Hungary" (mmụba ọkụ nke usoro abụọ nke otu), ụda ụda dum na ụda-semitone (mmụba na mbelata frets, yana okpukpu abụọ).

Nchọpụta nke "ụdị ọhụrụ" bụ otu n'ime sayensị kachasị mkpa. merit nke Yavorsky, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'ezie na egwu nke narị afọ nke 19-20, karịsịa na ọrụ F. Liszt, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AN Scriabin. Yavorsky gosikwara akpịrịkpa a na-ewu oge (nke a na-akpọ ụdịdị nwere oke ntụgharị), nke o jiri rụọ ọrụ okike ya ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị. eme O. Mesaịa. Echiche nke mgbanwe modal na-akọwa ọtụtụ. phenomena nke ndị mmadụ music; n'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-enyere aka ịkọwa akụkụ ụfọdụ nke polytonality. Nkwuputa nke ekwe omume nke modal formations na-aga n'ofè isi-obere bụ fundamentally mkpa antithesis ka echiche, dị ka nke isi na obere nwere ike dochie naanị site negation nke modal nzukọ n'ozuzu, ntụgharị atonality.

Akụkụ adịghị ike nke ụkpụrụ modal nke Yavorsky bụ usoro nke ịmepụta frets na ndabere tritone. Ọ dịghị ihe mere na-ahụ na tritone a eluigwe na ala isi iyi nke iwe iwe; Nke a na-egosipụta nke ọma site na frets ochie, na-enweghị triton, to-rye, megidere usoro nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. a ga-atụgharịrịrị mmepe dị ka ụdị ezughị ezu nke nhazi siri ike karị. Ihe nke dogmatism dịkwa na nkọwa nke ime. ihe owuwu iwe iwe, nke na-eduga mgbe ụfọdụ na-emegiderịta onwe ya na eziokwu. Ka o sina dị, uru nke echiche Yavorsky bụ nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha kpebisiri ike ma site n'ụzọ bụ isi maka nsogbu ahụ n'onwe ya na site na mgbasawanye nke ụdịdị nke a maara.

A na-atụle mmekọrịta nke Ladotonal (okwu ahụ bụ "tonality" nke Yavorsky webatara) na-atụle n'ụdị na rhythmic. oke (dịka ọmụmaatụ, "deviation na nkeji nke atọ nke ụdị"). Ihe kachasị mmasị bụ "ntụnyere ụda ụda na nsonaazụ", nke ụda abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-enweghị njikọ na-emepụta esemokwu, nkwubi okwu sitere na ya na-aghọ "nsonaazụ" - ụda nke na-ejikọta ndị niile gara aga. Yavorsky mepụtara ebe a echiche nke "ịdị n'otu tonality nke usoro dị elu" nke Taneyev gosipụtara na mbụ. A na-aghọtakwa ụkpụrụ nke "ịtụnyere nsonaazụ" nke ọma, dịka nkukota nke oge na-emegiderịta onwe ya na nsonaazụ n'ozuzu ya. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-emesi ihe kpatara esemokwu ndị na-esote na nke gara aga.

Ebe buru ibu na tiori nke L. r. na-enwe nsogbu nke nbibi nke ọrụ ahụ. Yavorsky mepụtara echiche nke caesura na ụdị ya. Dabere na ntụnyere na okwu ọnụ, echiche nke caesuria na-eme ka echiche nke ịrụ ọrụ dịkwuo mma, ọkachasị nkuzi nke nkebiokwu. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ - nkwupụta okwu - chọtara okwu na "usoro njikọ" (njikọ dị n'ebe dị anya), na echiche nke "overlay" dị ka ihe na-eme ka adhesion, adhesion. A na-ewebata echiche nke innation dị ka cell bụ isi nke muses. ụdị na nkwuputa; ọ dabeere na mmekọrịta nke ụda decomp. modal pụtara. Otu akụkụ (iwu na otu ọrụ) na akụkụ abụọ (mgbanwe nke ọrụ abụọ) dị iche iche; na akụkụ abụọ, a na-amata predicate - oge nkwadebe (echiche nke ghọworo ebe niile) na ikt - oge ikpeazụ na nke akọwapụtara.

A na-aghọta ụda ụda dị ka akụkụ dum nke mmekọrịta oge - site na nke kacha nta ruo n'ókè n'etiti akụkụ buru ibu. N'otu oge ahụ, rhythmic phenomena jupụtara modal ọdịnaya; a kọwara n'echiche nke ụda dị ka "ikike ịnyagharị n'oge, n'ime ụda ike ndọda mgbe niile." Site ebe a, a generalizing echiche na-ebilite, nke nyere aha. Theory dum: modal rhythm dị ka usoro nke ikpughe ọnọdụ na oge.

A na-atụlekwa ụdị ahụ na njikọ chiri anya na nkwụsi ike na mmekọrịta enweghị ntụkwasị obi. E gosipụtara ya na nke mbụ ụdị na-anọchite anya mmejuputa ụkpụrụ nke n'ozuzu nke ịkpụzi. Echiche nke ụdị dị ka ụlọ nkwakọba ihe pụrụ iche n'otu n'otu yana atụmatụ dị ka usoro akọwapụtara n'ozuzu ya bụ oke. Otu akụkụ bara uru nke tiori L. River. - ọchịchọ ijikọ okwu nke nhazi na nka. echiche nke egwu. N'agbanyeghị ihe dị iche iche nke dogmatism nke pụtara ebe a, kwa, enwere ike ile egwu egwu dị ka okwu mmadụ na-egosipụta, ikpughe mma. pụtara ụdị, na-eme ka ha nso yiri. phenomena nke ikpe ndị ọzọ. Atụmatụ ndị a nwere mmetụta dị mma n'omume nke itinye data nke osimiri L.. maka nkuzi egwu, maka nkuzi "ige egwu egwu".

Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na echiche zuru oke nke LR, bụ nke na-esote ihe ngosi nke onye edemede, anọgideghị na ya, ọtụtụ n'ime echiche izugbe ya na-amị mkpụrụ, wdg. a na-eji echiche ndị a kapịrị ọnụ. Na ọrụ nke ikwiikwii. ndị ọkà mmụta egwú LV Kulakovsky, ME Tarakanov, VP Dernova chegharịrị ma ọ bụ maliteghachi usoro nyocha nke Nar. egwu, echiche nke LR, ụzọ abụọ.

References: Yavorsky BL, Ọdịdị nke okwu egwu. Ihe onwunwe na ndetu, akụkụ 1-3, M., 1908; nke ya, Mmega ahụ na nguzobe nke modal rhythm, akụkụ 1, M., 1915, M., 1928; ya, Ihe ndị bụ isi nke egwu, M., 1923; nke ya, Mwube nke usoro egwu egwu, n'akwụkwọ: Belyaeva-Ekzemplyarskaya S., Yavorsky B., Melody Ọdịdị, M., 1929; Bryusova N., Sayensị nke egwu egwu, ụzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, M., 1910; nke ya, Boleslav Leopoldovich Yavorsky, na nchịkọta: B. Yavorsky, vol. 1, M., 1964; Kulakovsky L., De-yaki zivchennya BL Yavorsky, "Egwu", 1924, akụkụ 10-12; nke ya, Na tiori nke modal rhythm na ọrụ ya, "Musical Education", 1930, No 1; Belyaev V., Nyocha nke modulations na Beethoven's sonatas, SI Taneev, na mkpokọta: Akwụkwọ Russian banyere Beethoven, M,, 1927; Protopopov S., Ihe nhazi nke okwu egwu egwu, akụkụ 1-2, M., 1930; Ryzhkin I., Theory of modal rhythm, n'akwụkwọ: Mazel L., Ryzhkin I., Essays on the History of theoretical musicology, vol. 2, M.-L., 1939; Akwụkwọ ozi SI Taneyev gaa na NN Amani, EF Napravnik, IA Vsevolozhsky, SM, 1940, Mba 7; Na ebe nchekwa Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev, 1856-1946. Sat. akụkọ na ihe ndị e ji eme ememe ncheta ọmụmụ nke 90th nke ọmụmụ ya, M.-L., 1947; Zukkerman V., Kulakovsky L., Yavorsky-theorist, "SM", 1957, Ọ dịghị 12; Lunacharsky AB, Okwu na ogbako on theory of modal rhythm February 5, 1930 na Moscow, na Sat: B. Yavorsky, vol. 1, M., 1964; Zukkerman VA, Yavorsky-theorist, ibid.; Kholopov Yu. N., Ụdị Symmetric na usoro usoro iwu nke Yavorsky na Messiaen, na: Egwu na Modernity, vol. Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 7, 1971.

VA Zuckerman