Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich (Mstislav Rostropovich) |

Mstislav Rostropovich

Ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR (1966), onye mmeri nke Stalin (1951) na Lenin (1964) Nrite nke USSR, State Prize nke RSFSR (1991), State Prize nke Russian Federation (1995). Amara ọ bụghị naanị dị ka onye na-egwu egwu, kamakwa dị ka onye ọha na eze. Akwụkwọ akụkọ London Times kpọrọ ya onye egwu dị ndụ kachasị ukwuu. Aha ya gụnyere na "iri anọ anwụghị anwụ" - ndị otu nsọpụrụ nke French Academy of Arts. Onye otu Academy of Sciences and Arts (USA), Academy of Santa Cecilia (Rome), Royal Academy of Music of England, Royal Academy of Sweden, Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts, onye mmeri nke Imperial Prize nke Japan. Art Association na ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị ọzọ. Enyere ya nzere doctorate site na mahadum ihe karịrị iri ise na mba dị iche iche. Nwa amaala asọpụrụ nke ọtụtụ obodo nke ụwa. Ọchịagha nke Orders of the Legion of Honor (France, 50, 1981), Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Serene Order of the British Empire. Enyere ya na ọtụtụ onyinye steeti sitere na mba 1987. Na 29 ọ e nyere Great Russian Prize "Slava/Gloria".

Amụrụ na March 27, 1927 na Baku. Egwu pedigree sitere na Orenburg. Ma ndị nna ochie ma ndị nne na nna bụ ndị egwu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ọ kụzirilarị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, na-amụ ihe na M. Chulaki, bụ onye a chụpụrụ na Orenburg n'oge agha. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ banyere Moscow Conservatory na klas nke cellist Semyon Kozolupov. Rostropovich rụrụ ọrụ malitere na 1945, mgbe ọ natara mbụ ihe nrite na All-Union Competition of Musicians. Nkwenye mba ụwa bịara na 1950 ka ha meriri asọmpi ahụ. Hanus Vigan na Prague. Mgbe o meriri asọmpi All-Union, Slava Rostropovich, nwa akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nchekwa ahụ, bufere n'afọ nke abụọ ya ruo n'afọ nke ise. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kụziiri na Moscow Conservatory afọ 26, na 7 afọ na Leningrad Conservatory. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị a ma ama na-eme ihe nkiri, ọtụtụ n'ime ha mechara ghọọ ndị ọkachamara nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu egwu ụwa: Sergei Roldygin, Iosif Feigelson, Natalia Shakhovskaya, David Geringas, Ivan Monighetti, Eleonora Testelets, Maris Villerush, Misha Maisky.

Dị ka ya si kwuo, ndị na-ede egwú atọ, Prokofiev, Shostakovich na Britten, nwere mmetụta siri ike na nhazi nke àgwà Rostropovich. Ọrụ ya mepụtara n'akụkụ abụọ - dịka onye na-egwu egwu (soloist na ensemble player) na dịka onye nduzi - opera na symphony. N'ezie, ihe nkiri niile nke egwu cello dara na arụmọrụ ya. O mere ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ede egwú kacha mma na narị afọ nke 20. imepụta ọrụ karịsịa maka ya. Shostakovich na Prokofiev, Britten na L. Bernstein, A. Dutilleux, V. Lyutoslavsky, K. Penderetsky, B. Tchaikovsky - na ihe niile, ihe dị ka 60 ndị na-ede egwú n'oge a raara onwe ha nye Rostropovich. Ọ rụrụ na nke mbụ 117 ọrụ maka cello ma nye 70 orchestral premieres. Dị ka onye na-egwu egwu ụlọ, ọ rụrụ na otu S. Richter, na trio na E. Gilels na L. Kogan, dị ka pianist na otu G. Vishnevskaya.

Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na 1967 na Bolshoi Theatre (o mere mpụta mbụ ya na P. Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, sochiri mmepụta nke Semyon Kotko na Prokofiev's War and Peace). Otú ọ dị, ndụ n'ụlọ adịchaghị mma. Ọ dabara n'ime ihere na ihe si na ya pụta bụ ọpụpụ na-amanye na USSR na 1974. Na 1978, maka ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ (karịsịa, maka nkwado nke A. Solzhenitsyn), ya na nwunye ya G. Vishnevskaya napụrụ ụmụ amaala Soviet. . N'afọ 1990, M. Gorbachev nyere iwu kagbuo mkpebi nke Presidium nke Council Supreme Council maka ịweghasị ịbụ nwa amaala ha na mweghachi nke aha nsọpụrụ ewepụrụ. Ọtụtụ mba nyere Rostropovich ka ọ bụrụ nwa amaala ha, ma ọ jụrụ, ọ nweghịkwa nwa amaala ọ bụla.

Na San Francisco ọ rụrụ (dị ka onye nduzi) Queen of Spades, na Monte Carlo The Tsar's Bride. Soro na ihe ngosi ụwa nke operas dị ka Life with an Idiot (1992, Amsterdam) na Gesualdo (1995, Vienna) nke A. Schnittke, Lolita R. Shchedrina (na Stockholm Opera). Nke a sochiri ihe ngosi nke Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth nke Mtsensk District (na mbipụta mbụ) na Munich, Paris, Madrid, Buenos Aires, Aldborough, Moscow na obodo ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Russia, o duziri Khovanshchina dị ka e degharịrị site Shostakovich (1996, Moscow, Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri). Na French Radio Orchestra na Paris, o dekọrọ operas War and Peace, Eugene Onegin, Boris Godunov, Lady Macbeth nke Mtsensk District.

Site na 1977 ruo 1994 ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke National Symphony Orchestra na Washington, DC, nke n'okpuru nduzi ya ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị egwu kachasị mma na America. Ọ na-akpọ ya site na ndị kasị ama orchestras nke ụwa - Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, USA, Japan na mba ndị ọzọ.

Onye na-ahazi ememe nke ya, otu n'ime ha na-arara nye egwu nke narị afọ nke 20. Nke ọzọ bụ ememme cello na obodo Beauvais (France). Ememme na Chicago raara nye Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Britten. Ọtụtụ ememme Rostropovich emeela na London. Otu n'ime ha, raara nye Shostakovich, dịruru ọtụtụ ọnwa (niile 15 symphonies nke Shostakovich na London Symphony Orchestra). Na New York Festival, a na-egwu egwu nke ndị na-ede egwú bụ ndị raara onwe ha nye ya. O so na mmemme "Ụbọchị Benjamin Britten na St. Petersburg" na emume ncheta afọ 90 nke ọmụmụ Britten. Na mbido ya, a na-emegharị asọmpi Pablo Casals Cello na Frankfurt.

Mepee ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, na-eduzi klaasị nna ukwu. Kemgbe 2004 ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Higher Musical Excellence na Valencia (Spain). Kemgbe 1998, n'okpuru nkwado ya, a na-eme asọmpi International Competition Masterprise, nke bụ mmekorita n'etiti BBC, London Symphony Orchestra na AMI Records. A na-eche asọmpi a dị ka ihe na-eme ka njikọ chiri anya n'etiti ndị hụrụ egwu egwu na ndị na-ede egwú n'oge a.

Egwuru ọtụtụ puku egwu egwu na ụlọ egwu egwu, ụlọ ọrụ, klọb na ebe obibi ndị eze (na Windsor Palace, ihe nkiri na-asọpụrụ 65th ncheta nke Queen Sophia nke Spain, wdg).

Nkà nka na-enweghị atụ, ịma mma nke ụda, nka nka, omenala stylistic, izi ezi dị egwu, mmetụta mmetụta na-efe efe, mkpali - enweghị okwu iji ghọta nke ọma onye ọ bụla na ọdịdị na-egbuke egbuke nke onye na-egwu egwu. Ọ na-ekwu, sị: “Ihe ọ bụla m na-egwu, ọ na-amasị m ịda mbà.

A makwaara ya maka ọrụ ebere ya: ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Charitable Foundation, nke na-enye aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụaka na Russian Federation. N'afọ 2000, ntọala ahụ malitere ịmalite mmemme maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ụmụaka na Russia. Onye isi oche nke Fund for Assistance to ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere onyinye nke Mahadum egwu na-aza aha ya, hiwere Fund for Assistance to Young Musicians na Germany, ego mmụta maka ụmụaka nwere nkà na Russia.

Eziokwu nke okwu ya na 1989 na mgbidi Berlin, yana ọbịbịa ya na Moscow na August 1991, mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị na-agbachitere ndị White House Russia, bụ ndị a maara nke ọma. Ọ natala ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka mbọ ọ na-agba maka ikike mmadụ, gụnyere onyinye nrite otu Human Rights League kwa afọ (1974). O kwuru, sị: "Ọ dịghị onye ga-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'esemokwu m na Russia, n'agbanyeghị ókè a wụsara m n'isi. Otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-akwado echiche nke ijide Sakharov International Arts Festival na Nizhny Novgorod, ọ bụ ọbịa nke II na onye so na nke IV ememme.

Àgwà na omume Rostropovich pụrụ iche. Dị ka ha na-ede n'ụzọ ziri ezi, "site n'ikike egwu anwansi ya na ọdịdị mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị egwu, ọ nakweere ụwa dum mepere emepe, na-emepụta okirikiri ọhụrụ nke "mmetụta ọbara" nke ọdịbendị na njikọ dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ." Ya mere, US National Recording Academy na February 2003 nyere ya onyinye Grammy Music Award "maka ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka onye na-ahụ maka cellist na onye nduzi, maka ndụ na ndekọ." A na-akpọ ya "Gagarin's cello" na "Maestro Slava".

Walida Kelle

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