Joan Sutherland |

Joan Sutherland kwuru

Olu dị ịtụnanya nke Sutherland, na-ejikọta mastery coloratura na ụbara dị egwu, ịba ụba nke agba timbre na nchapụta nke olu na-eduga, dọtara ndị hụrụ n'anya na ndị ọkachamara n'ịkụ ụda olu ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Afọ iri anọ nọrọ ya n'ọrụ ihe nkiri na-aga nke ọma. Ole na ole ndị na-abụ abụ nwere ụdị ụdị na palette mara mma. Ọ na-enwekwa ahụ iru ala ọ bụghị nanị na Italian na Austro-German repertoire, kamakwa na French. Site na mmalite 60s, Sutherland abụrụla otu n'ime ndị na-abụ abụ kachasị n'oge anyị. N'ime akụkọ na nyocha, a na-akpọkarị ya site n'okwu Italian sonorous La Stupenda ("Ihe ịtụnanya").

A mụrụ Joan Sutherland n'obodo Sydney nke Australia na November 7, 1926. Nne nke onye na-agụ egwú n'ọdịnihu nwere ezigbo mezzo-soprano, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ghọghị onye na-agụ egwú n'ihi nkwụsị nke nne na nna ya. N'iṅomi nne ya, nwa agbọghọ ahụ rụrụ ụda olu Manuel Garcia na Matilda Marchesi.

Nzukọ ahụ ya na onye nkụzi ụda olu Sydney bụ Aida Dickens dị ezigbo mkpa maka Joan. Ọ chọtara ezigbo soprano dị egwu n'ime nwa agbọghọ ahụ. Tupu nke a, Joan kwenyesiri ike na ya nwere mezzo-soprano.

Sutherland nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ọkachamara ya na Sydney Conservatory. Mgbe Joan ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ọrụ egwu ya, ebe ọ gara ọtụtụ obodo dị ná mba ahụ. Ọ na-esokarị ya bụ onye pianist Richard Boning. Ònye ga-eche na nke a bụ mmalite nke duet okike nke ghọrọ onye a ma ama n'ọtụtụ mba ụwa.

Na iri abụọ na otu, Sutherland bụrụ abụ akụkụ operatic mbụ ya, Dido na Purcell's Dido na Aeneas, na egwu egwu na Sydney's Town Hall. N'afọ abụọ sochirinụ, Joan na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ekere òkè na asọmpi ịbụ abụ Australia niile ma buru ụzọ n'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ. Na opera ogbo, Sutherland mere ya mpụta mbụ na 1950 n'obodo ya, na aha ọrụ na opera "Judith" nke J. Goossens.

Na 1951, mgbe Bonynge gasịrị, Joan kwagara London. Sutherland na Richard na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu, na-ehichapụ mkpụrụokwu olu ọ bụla. Ọ gụkwara Clive Carey otu afọ na Royal College of Music na London.

Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ naanị na nnukwu ihe isi ike Sutherland na-abanye n'òtù Covent Garden. N'October 1952, onye na-eto eto na-abụ abụ na-abụ obere akụkụ nke First Lady na Mozart's The Magic Flute. Ma mgbe Joan mechara rụọ ọrụ nke ọma dị ka Amelia na Un ballo na maschera site Verdi, dochie onye na-agụ egwú German na mberede Elena Werth, ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri kwenyere na ikike ya. Ugbua na oge mpụta mbụ, Sutherland tụkwasịrị obi ọrụ nke Countess ("Wedding of Figaro") na Penelope Rich ("Gloriana" Britten). Na 1954, Joan na-abụ aha aha na Aida na Agatha na mmepụta ọhụrụ nke Weber's The Magic Shooter.

N'otu afọ ahụ, ihe omume dị mkpa na-ewere ọnọdụ na ndụ Sutherland - ọ lụrụ Boninj. Di ya malitere iduzi Joan n'akụkụ akụkụ lyric-coloratura, na-ekwere na ha kacha kwekọọ n'ụdị talent ya. Onye na-ese ihe nwere obi abụọ na nke a, ma agbanyeghị, kwetara na na 1955 ọ bụrụ abụ ọtụtụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ. Ọrụ kacha adọrọ mmasị bụ akụkụ teknụzụ siri ike nke Jennifer na opera Midsummer Night's Wedding site n'aka onye dere Bekee nke oge a Michael Tippett.

Site na 1956 ruo 1960, Sutherland so na Ememme Glyndebourne, ebe ọ bụrụ abụ akụkụ nke Countess Almaviva (The Marriage of Figaro), Donna Anna (Don Giovanni), Madame Hertz na Mozart's vaudeville Theatre Director.

N'afọ 1957, Sutherland ghọrọ onye ama ama dị ka onye na-agụ egwú Handelian, na-abụ abụ aha na Alcina. "Onye na-abụ Handelian pụtara ìhè n'oge anyị," ka ha dere banyere ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ. N'afọ sochirinụ, Sutherland gara njem nleta mba ọzọ na nke mbụ: ọ bụrụ abụ soprano na Verdi's Requiem na Holland Festival, na Don Giovanni na Vancouver Festival na Canada.

Onye na-agụ egwú na-abịaru nso na ebumnuche ya - ịrụ ọrụ nke nnukwu ndị na-ede egwú Italian bel canto - Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti. Nnwale siri ike nke ike Sutherland bụ ọrụ Lucia di Lammermoor na opera Donizetti nke otu aha ahụ, nke chọrọ njiri mara nke ọma nke ụdị bel canto nke oge gboo.

Site n'iti mkpu ụda, ndị na-ege ntị na Covent Garden nwere ekele maka nka nke onye ọbụ abụ. Ọkà mmụta egwu Bekee a ma ama Harold Rosenthal kpọrọ arụmọrụ Sutherland “mkpughe”, na nkọwa nke ọrụ ahụ - ịtụnanya na ike mmetụta uche. Yabụ na mmeri London, ama ama ụwa na-abịa Sutherland. Kemgbe ahụ, ụlọ opera kacha mma na-achọsi ike ka ya na ya nwee nkwekọrịta.

Ọganihu ọhụrụ na-eweta ihe ngosi nka na Vienna, Venice, Palermo. Sutherland guzogidere ule nke ọha Parisia na-achọsi ike, na-emeri Grand Opera na Eprel 1960, ha niile nọ n'otu Lucia di Lammermoor.

"Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ gwara m naanị otu izu gara aga na m ga-ege Lucia ntị ọ bụghị naanị n'enwechaghị ike ọgwụgwụ, kama na mmetụta nke na-ebilite mgbe ị na-anụ ụtọ ọmarịcha ọrụ, nnukwu ọrụ e dere maka egwu egwu, ọ ga-eju m anya." Onye nkatọ France Marc Pencherl kwuru na nyocha.

N'April na-esote, Sutherland na-enwu na ogbo na La Scala na aha aha na Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke otu afọ, onye na-agụ egwú mere ya mpụta mbụ na nkebi nke atọ kasị ukwuu American opera ụlọ: San Francisco, Chicago na New York Metropolitan Opera. N'ịrụ ọrụ na Metropolitan Opera dị ka Lucia, ọ rụrụ ebe ahụ maka afọ 25.

Na 1963, nrọ ọzọ nke Sutherland mezuru - ọ bụrụ abụ Norma maka oge mbụ na ogbo nke ihe nkiri na Vancouver. Mgbe ahụ, onye na-ese ihe bụrụ akụkụ a na London na November 1967 na New York na ogbo nke Metropolitan na oge 1969/70 na 1970/71.

"Nkọwa nke Sutherland kpatara ọtụtụ esemokwu n'etiti ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị hụrụ nkà olu n'anya," ka VV Timokhin dere. - Na mbụ, o siri ike iche n'echiche na onyinyo nke nwanyị dike a, nke Kalas ji ihe nkiri dị ịtụnanya dị otú ahụ, nwere ike ịpụta n'echiche mmetụta uche ọ bụla!

Na nkọwa ya, Sutherland tinyere isi okwu na elegiac dị nro, ntụgharị uri. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla n'ime obi ike nke Callas n'ime ya. N'ezie, nke mbụ, usoro egwu egwu niile, nke na-amụ anya nrọ na ọrụ Norma - na karịa ekpere niile "Casta Diva" - dara Sutherland na-adọrọ mmasị. Otú ọ dị, otu onye enweghị ike ma kwenye na echiche nke ndị nkatọ ndị kwuru na ndị dị otú ahụ a re-eche echiche nke ọrụ Norma, shading uri mma nke Bellini music, ka o sina dị, na dum, ebumnobi, dara ogbenye agwa kere site na-ede egwú.

Na 1965, na nke mbụ ya mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ iri na anọ, Sutherland laghachiri Australia. Ọbịbịa nke onye na-agụ egwú bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ maka ndị hụrụ nkà olu na Australia, bụ ndị ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nabata Joan. Ndị nta akụkọ obodo lebara anya na njem onye ọbụ abụ mere. Kemgbe ahụ, Sutherland emeela ihe ugboro ugboro n'ala nna ya. Ọ hapụrụ ogbo ahụ na obodo ya Sydney na 1990, na-eme akụkụ nke Marguerite na Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.

Na June 1966, na Covent Garden Theatre, ọ rụrụ na nke mbụ dị ka Maria na Donizetti's opera Daughter of the Regiment, nke dị nnọọ ụkọ na ọgbara ọhụrụ. Emere opera a maka Sutherland na New York na February 1972. Sunny, ịhụnanya, na-enweghị onwe ya, na-adọrọ adọrọ - ndị a bụ nanị ole na ole n'ime nkọwa nke onye na-agụ egwú kwesịrị na ọrụ a na-agaghị echefu echefu.

Onye na-abụ abụ ebelataghị ọrụ okike ya na 70s na 80s. Yabụ na Seattle, USA na Nọvemba 1970, Sutherland rụrụ ọrụ nwanyị anọ niile na opera na-atọ ọchị Offenbach The Tales of Hoffmann. Nkatọ kwuru na ọrụ a nke onye na-agụ egwú bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị mma ya.

N'afọ 1977, onye na-agụ egwú na-abụ abụ maka oge mbụ na Covent Garden Mary Stuart na opera Donizetti nke otu aha ahụ. Na London, na 1983, ọ bụrụkwa otu akụkụ ya kacha mma - Esclarmonde na opera Massenet nke otu aha ahụ.

Site na mmalite 60s, Sutherland na-eme ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile na mgbakọ ya na di ya, Richard Boninge. Ya na ya mere ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndekọ ya. Nke kacha mma n'ime ha: "Anna Boleyn", "Daughter of Regiment", "Lucretia Borgia", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Ịhụnanya Potion" na "Mary Stuart" nke Donizetti; "Beatrice di Tenda", "Norma", "Puritanes" na "Sleepwalker" nke Bellini dere; Rossini's Semiramide, Verdi's La Traviata, Meyerbeer's Huguenots, Massenet's Esclarmonde.

Onye na-abụ abụ mere otu n'ime ndekọ kacha mma na opera Turandot na Zubin Meta. Ndekọ opera a so na nke kacha mma n'ime ụdị ọdịyo iri atọ nke ọmarịcha Puccini. Sutherland, bụ onye n'ozuzu ya abụghị ụdị ụdị oriri a, ebe a chọrọ okwu, mgbe ụfọdụ na-eru obi ọjọọ, jisiri ike kpughee atụmatụ ọhụrụ nke ihe oyiyi Turandot ebe a. Ọ tụgharịrị bụrụ "kristal", nke na-adụpu ma bụrụ nke enweghị ihe nchebe. N'azụ ịdị njọ na oke oke nke adaeze ahụ, mkpụrụ obi ya na-ata ahụhụ malitere inwe mmetụta. Site n'ebe a, mgbanwe dị ebube nke ịma mma obi siri ike ghọọ nwanyị na-ahụ n'anya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya.

Nke a bụ echiche nke VV Timokhin:

"Ọ bụ ezie na Sutherland agụghị akwụkwọ n'Ịtali na enweghị ndị na-agụ egwú Ịtali n'etiti ndị nkụzi ya, onye na-ese ihe mere onwe ya aha bụ isi maka nkọwa ya pụtara ìhè nke ọrụ na operas Italian nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. Ọbụna n'olu Sutherland - ngwá ọrụ na-adịghị ahụkebe, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe na ịma mma na ụdị agba agba dị iche iche - ndị nkatọ na-achọta àgwà ndị Ịtali mara mma: na-egbuke egbuke, anwụ na-egbuke egbuke, juiciness, na-egbuke egbuke. Ụda nke ndekọ elu ya, nke doro anya, nke na-egbuke egbuke na ọlaọcha, dị ka ọjà, ndekọ etiti, na-ekpo ọkụ na njupụta ya, na-enye echiche nke egwu egwu oboe na-agụ mkpụrụ obi, na ndetu dị nro na velvety dị ala yiri ka ọ si na cello. Ụdị dị otú ahụ bara ụba nke ụda ụda bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ruo ogologo oge Sutherland rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka mezzo-soprano, mgbe ahụ dị ka soprano dị egwu, na n'ikpeazụ dị ka coloratura. Nke a nyeere onye na-agụ egwú aka ịghọta nke ọma ihe niile nwere ike ime nke olu ya, ọ na-etinye uche pụrụ iche na ndekọ elu, ebe ọ bụ na mbụ njedebe nke ikike ya bụ "ruo" nke atọ octave; ugbu a ọ dị mfe na n'efu na-ewere "fa".

Sutherland nwere olu ya dị ka virtuoso zuru oke na ngwa ya. Ma maka ya ọ dịghị mgbe a Usoro n'ihi na-egosi na Usoro n'onwe ya, ya niile delicately gburu kasị mgbagwoju amara dabara n'ime mkpokọta mmetụta uche Ọdịdị nke ọrụ, n'ime n'ozuzu music ụkpụrụ dị ka akụkụ ya.