Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke clarinet

Clarinet bụ ngwá ọrụ ifufe egwu e ji osisi mee. Ọ nwere ụda dị nro na oke ụda obosara. A na-eji clarinet mepụta egwu nke ụdị ọ bụla. Clarinetists nwere ike ịrụ ọ bụghị naanị solo, kamakwa na egwu egwu egwu.

Akụkọ ya dị ihe karịrị narị afọ anọ. E kere ngwá ọrụ ahụ na narị afọ nke 4-17. A maghị kpọmkwem ụbọchị ngosipụta nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ. Ma ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kwenyere na ọ bụ Johann Christoph Denner mere clarinet na 18. Ọ bụ onye omenkà na-eji ngwá ọrụ ikuku eme ihe. Ka ọ na-emezigharị French Chalumeau, Denner mepụtara ngwa egwu ọhụrụ zuru oke nke nwere oke dị iche iche. Mgbe mbụ ọ pụtara, chalumeau nwere ihe ịga nke ọma ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka akụkụ nke ngwá ọrụ maka ndị egwú. Chalumeau Denner kere n'ụdị tube nwere oghere 7. Ogo nke clarinet mbụ bụ naanị otu octave. Na iji meziwanye àgwà ahụ, Denner kpebiri iji dochie ihe ụfọdụ. O jiri okpete na-ewepụ ọkpọkọ squeaker. Ọzọkwa, iji nweta oke obosara, clarinet nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe mpụga. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti clarinet na chalumeau bụ valvụ dị n'azụ ngwá ọrụ. A na-arụkwa valvụ ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke valvụ, oke nke clarinet na-agbanwe na octave nke abụọ. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 17, a na-eji chalumeau na clarinet mee ihe n'otu oge. Ma ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 18, chalumeau na-efunahụ ewu ewu ya.

Mgbe Denner nwụsịrị, nwa ya nwoke bụ́ Jekọb ketara azụmahịa ya. Ọ hapụghị azụmahịa nna ya wee nọgide na-emepụta ma na-emeziwanye ngwa ikuku egwu. N'oge a, e nwere nnukwu ngwá ọrụ 3 na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ụwa. Ngwa ya nwere 2 valves. A na-eji Clarinets nwere valvụ 2 ruo na narị afọ nke 19. N'afọ 1760, onye egwu Austria a ma ama bụ Paur gbakwunyere valvụ ọzọ na ndị dị adị. valvụ nke anọ, n'aha ya, tụgharịrị Brussels clarinetist Rottenberg. Na 1785, Briten John Hale kpebiri itinye valvụ nke ise n'ime ngwá ọrụ ahụ. valvụ nke isii ka onye French clarinetist Jean-Xavier Lefebvre gbakwunyere. N'ihi nke a na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ngwá ọrụ na 6 valves.

Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 18, clarinet gụnyere na ndepụta nke ngwá egwú oge ochie. Ụda ya dabere na nka onye na-eme ihe. A na-ewere Ivan Muller dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ gbanwere nhazi nke ọnụ ọnụ. Mgbanwe a metụtara ụda timbre na oke. Na kpamkpam edozi ebe clarinet na ụlọ ọrụ egwu.

Akụkọ banyere mmalite nke ngwá ọrụ anaghị akwụsị ebe ahụ. Na narị afọ nke 19, prọfesọ Conservatory Hyacinth Klose, ya na onye na-emepụta egwu bụ Louis-Auguste Buffet, kwalitere ngwá ọrụ ahụ site n'ịwụnye valve mgbanaka. A na-akpọ clarinet dị otú ahụ "clarinet French" ma ọ bụ "Boehm clarinet".

Adolphe Sax na Eugène Albert mere mgbanwe na echiche ndị ọzọ.

Onye German chepụtara Johann Georg na clarinetist Karl Berman nyekwara aka n'echiche ha. Ha gbanwere ọrụ nke usoro valvụ. N'ihi nke a, ihe nlereanya German nke ngwá ọrụ pụtara. Ụdị German dị nnọọ iche na nsụgharị French nke na-egosipụta ike nke ụda na elu elu. Kemgbe 1950, ewu ewu nke ihe nlereanya German agbadala nke ọma. Ya mere, ọ bụ naanị ndị Austria, German na Dutch na-eji clarinet a. Na ewu ewu nke ụdị French abawanyela nke ukwuu.

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, na mgbakwunye na ụdị German na French, a malitere ịmepụta "Albert's clarinets" na "Ngwaọrụ Mark". Ụdị dị otú ahụ nwere oke dị iche iche, nke na-ebuli ụda na octaves kachasị elu.

N'oge a, ụdị nke clarinet nke oge a nwere usoro mgbagwoju anya na ihe dịka 20 valves.