Gian Carlo Menotti |

Gian Carlo Menotti

Ọrụ G. Menotti bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a ma ama na opera America nke ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga. A pụghị ịkpọ onye na-ede egwú a onye na-achọpụta ụwa egwu ọhụrụ, ike ya dị n'ikike nke inwe mmetụta ihe ndị a chọrọ ma ọ bụ atụmatụ ahụ na-eme maka egwu na, ma eleghị anya, ihe kachasị mkpa, otú ndị mmadụ ga-esi aghọta egwu a. Menotti ji nkà mara nkà nke ihe nkiri opera n'ozuzu ya: ọ na-edekarị libretto nke operas ya n'onwe ya, na-emekarị ha dị ka onye nduzi ma na-eduzi arụmọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na-egbuke egbuke.

A mụrụ Menotti na Ịtali (ọ bụ onye Ịtali site na mba). Nna ya bụ onye ọchụnta ego na nne ya bụ onye na-akụ pianist. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, nwata ahụ dere opera, na 12 ọ banyere Milan Conservatory (ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ site na 1923 ruo 1927). Ndụ Menotti (ebe ọ bụ na 1928) jikọtara ya na America, ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ede egwú nọgidere na-abụ nwa amaala Ịtali ruo ogologo oge.

Site na 1928 ruo 1933 ọ kwalitere usoro nhazi ya n'okpuru nduzi nke R. Scalero na Curtis Institute of Music na Philadelphia. N'ime mgbidi ya, ọbụbụenyi chiri anya malitere na S. Barber, emesịa bụrụ onye na-ede egwú America a ma ama (Menotti ga-abụ onye edemede nke libretto nke otu n'ime operas Barber). Ọtụtụ mgbe, n'oge ezumike okpomọkụ, ndị enyi na-agakọ ọnụ na Europe, na-eleta ụlọ opera na Vienna na Ịtali. Na 1941, Menotti bịara ọzọ na Curtis Institute - ugbu a dị ka onye nkụzi nke mmepụta na nkà nke egwú dramaturgy. Akwụsịghị njikọ na ndụ egwu nke Ịtali, ebe Menotti na 1958 haziri "Ememme nke Ụwa Abụọ" (na Spoleto) maka ndị America na Ịtali.

Menotti dị ka onye na-ede egwú mere mpụta mbụ ya na 1936 na opera Amelia Goes to the Ball. Edere ya na mbụ n'ụdị opera buffa Italian wee sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee. Mpụta mbụ gara nke ọma butere ọrụ ọzọ, oge a sitere na NBC, maka opera redio The Old Maid and the Thief (1938). N'ịbụ onye malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede opera nwere atụmatụ nke atụmatụ akụkọ akụkọ na-atọ ụtọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya Menotti tụgharịrị gaa na isiokwu dị egwu. N'ezie, mgbalị mbụ ya nke ụdị a (opera The God of the Island, 1942) enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Ma ugbua na 1946, opera-tragedy Medium pụtara (afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, e sere ya wee nweta ihe nrite na Cannes Film Festival).

N'ikpeazụ, na 1950, ọrụ kachasị mma nke Menotti, ihe nkiri egwu The Consul, opera mbụ ya "nnukwu", hụrụ ìhè nke ụbọchị. Omume ya na-ewere ọnọdụ n'oge anyị na otu n'ime mba Europe. Enweghị ike, owu ọmụma na enweghị nchebe n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike niile na-eduga heroine igbu onwe ya. Esemokwu nke omume ahụ, mmezu nke mmetụta uche nke abụ abụ, ịdị mfe dị mfe na ịnweta asụsụ egwu na-eme ka opera a dịkwuo nso na ọrụ nke ndị Ịtali ikpeazụ ikpeazụ (G. Verdi, G. Puccini) na ndị na-ede egwú verist (R. Leoncavallo). , P. Mascagni). A na-enwekwa mmetụta nke agụgharị egwu M. Mussorgsky, na jazz intonations na-ada ụda ebe a na-egosi na egwu bụ nke narị afọ anyị. The eclecticism nke opera (ọdịiche nke ụdị ya) na-dịtụ smoothed site magburu onwe echiche nke ihe nkiri (mgbe pụtara na Menotti) na aku na uba ojiji nke expressive pụtara: ọbụna ndị egwú na ya operas na-anọchi anya otu ensemble nke ọtụtụ. ngwa. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi isiokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Consul nwetara ọmarịcha ewu ewu: ọ na-agba ọsọ na Broadway ugboro 8 n'izu, na-eme ya na mba 20 nke ụwa (gụnyere USSR), ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ 12.

Onye na-ede egwú tụgharịrị ọzọ n'ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị na operas The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954) na Maria Golovina (1958).

Omume nke opera Nwoke Kacha Mkpa (1971) na-ewere ọnọdụ na ndịda Africa, dike ya, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Negro na-eto eto, nwụrụ n'aka ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ. Opera Tamu-Tamu (1972), nke n'asụsụ Indonesian pụtara ndị ọbịa, ji ọnwụ ike mebie. Edere opera a site n'usoro ndị nhazi International Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists dere.

Agbanyeghị, isiokwu dị egwu anaghị agwụcha ọrụ Menotti. Ozugbo opera "Ọkara", na 1947, e kere na-atọ ọchị ọchị "Telephone". Nke a bụ opera dị mkpụmkpụ, ebe enwere naanị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri atọ: Ya, Ya na ekwentị. N'ozuzu, nkata nke operas Menotti dị iche iche.

Edere teleopera "Amal na ndị ọbịa abalị" (1951) dabere na eserese nke I. Bosch "Adoration of the Magi" (ọdịnala nke ihe ngosi ya kwa afọ na Krismas amalitela). Egwu nke opera a dị mfe nke na enwere ike ịhazi ya maka ịrụ ọrụ amateur.

Na mgbakwunye na opera, isi ụdị ya, Menotti dere 3 ballet (gụnyere egwu egwu ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon na Manticore, nke e mepụtara na mmụọ nke Renaissance), Cantata Death of a Bishop on Brindisi (1963), uri egwu egwu. maka orchestra "Apocalypse" (1951), concertos maka piano (1945), violin (1952) na orchestra na Triple Concerto maka atọ egwu (1970), ụlọ ensembles, asaa songs na onwe ederede maka pụtara ìhè na-agụ egwú E. Schwarzkopf. Nlebara anya na onye ahụ, na abụ abụ olu ụtọ, iji ọnọdụ ihe nkiri dị egwu mere ka Menotti nọrọ ebe a ma ama na egwu America nke oge a.

K. Zenkin

Ngwakọta:

opera – Okenye odibo na onye ohi (Ochie nwanyị na onye ohi, 1st ed. maka redio, 1939; 1941, Philadelphia), Island God (The Island God, 1942, New York), Ọkara (The medium, 1946, New York ), Ekwentị (ekwentị, New York, 1947), Consul (The consul, 1950, New York, Pulitzer Ave.), Amal na abalị ọbịa (Amahl na abalị ọbịa, teleopera, 1951), Holy with Bleecker Street ( The senti nke Bleecker Street, 1954, New York), Maria Golovina (1958, Brussels, International ngosi), The ikpeazụ obi ọjọọ (The ikpeazụ obi ọjọọ, 1963), telivishọn opera Labyrinth (Labyrinth, 1963), Martin ụgha (ụgha Martin, 1964). , Bath, England), Nwoke kacha mkpa (Onye kacha mkpa, New York, 1971); ballet – Sebastian (1943), Njem n’ime maze (Errand n’ime maze, 1947, New York), ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon na Manticore (The unicorn, Gorgon na Manticore, 1956, Washington); cantata — Ọnwụ nke bishọp nke Brindisi (1963); maka orchestra - uri symphonic Apọkalips (Apocalypse, 1951); concerts na ndị egwú - piano (1945), violin (1952); Ihe egwu okpukpu atọ maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri 3 (1970); Pastoral maka piano na string orchestra (1933); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - 4 iberibe maka eriri. quartet (1936), Trio maka oriri ụlọ (Trio maka oriri na-ekpo ọkụ nke ụlọ; maka ọjà, vlch., fp., 1936); maka piano - okirikiri maka ụmụaka "Obere uri maka Maria Rosa" (Poemetti kwa Maria Rosa).

Edemede edemede: Ekwetaghị m na avant-gardism, "MF", 1964, Mba 4, p. 16.