Karlheinz Stockhausen |
Ụlọ ọrụ Karlheinz Stockhausen
Onye na-ede German, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-eche echiche, otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya kasị ukwuu nke avant-garde musical post-agha. Amụrụ na 1928 n'obodo Medrat dị nso na Cologne. Na 1947-51 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Cologne Higher School of Music. Ọ malitere ịde ede na 1950 wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (ebe o mesịrị kụziere ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ). Na 1952-53 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Paris na Messiaen wee rụọ ọrụ na Studio "egwu egwu" nke Pierre Schaeffer. Na 1953, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na West German Radio's Electronic Music Studio na Cologne (emesịa duzie ya site na 1963-73). Na 1954-59 ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị editọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ egwu "Row" (Die Reihe), nke raara nye mbipụta nke egwu oge a. Na 1963 ọ tọrọ ntọala Cologne Courses for New Music na ruo mgbe 1968 jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nka ha. Na 1970-77 ọ bụ prọfesọ nke mejupụtara na Cologne Higher School of Music.
Na 1969 ọ tọrọ ntọala "Stockhausen Publishing House" nke ya (Stockhausen Verlag), ebe o bipụtara akara ọhụrụ ya niile, yana akwụkwọ, ndekọ, akwụkwọ nta, broshuọ na mmemme. Na 1970 Osaka World's Fair, ebe Stockhausen nọchitere West Germany, e wuru otu paịlụ bọọlụ pụrụ iche maka ọrụ Expo electro-acoustic ya. Kemgbe 1970s, ọ na-ebi ndụ na-enweghị atụ nke ezinụlọ na ndị na-egwu egwu gbara ya gburugburu n'obodo Kürten. Ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ya - ma ndị egwu egwu egwu na ndị otu "ezinụlọ" nke ya. O dere ma bipụta edemede na egwu egwu, anakọtara n'okpuru aha izugbe " Ederede "(na mpịakọta 10). Kemgbe 1998, International Courses in Composition and Interpretation of Stockhausen's Music na-eme n'oge okpomọkụ ọ bụla na Kürten. Onye dere ya nwụrụ na Disemba 5, 2007 na Kürten. Otu n'ime ogige obodo ahụ bụ aha ya.
Stockhausen gara ọtụtụ ntụgharị n'ọrụ ya. Na mmalite 1950, ọ tụgharịrị na serialism na pointilism. Ebe ọ bụ na n'etiti 1950s - na eletrọnịkị na "ohere" egwu. Otu n'ime ihe ọ rụzuru n'oge a bụ "Groups" (1957) maka otu egwu egwu egwu atọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere ịmalite "ụdị oge" (Momentform) - ụdị "ụdị oghe" (nke Boulez kpọrọ aleatoric). Ọ bụrụ na n'afọ 1950 - mmalite 1960 ọrụ Stockhausen malitere na mmụọ nke ọganihu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ nke oge ahụ, mgbe ahụ kemgbe etiti afọ 1960 ọ na-agbanwe n'okpuru mmetụta nke echiche esoteric. Onye na-ede egwú na-etinye onwe ya na egwu "mmetụta uche" na "ụwa nile", ebe ọ na-agbalịsi ike ijikọta ụkpụrụ egwu na nke ime mmụọ. Ihe odide ya na-ewe oge na-ejikọta ihe onwunwe nke ememe na ịrụ ọrụ, na "Mantra" maka pianos abụọ (1970) bụ nke e wuru na ụkpụrụ nke "usoro ụwa".
The grandiose opera okirikiri “Ìhè. Ụbọchị asaa nke izu" na ihe atụ-cosmogonic ibé, nke odee kere si 1977 ruo 2003. Ngụkọta oge nke okirikiri nke asaa operas (nke ọ bụla na aha nke ụbọchị ọ bụla nke izu - na-ezo aka anyị oyiyi nke ụbọchị asaa nke Creation) na-ewe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ awa 30 ma gafere Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. Ọrụ okike ikpeazụ nke Stockhausen na-emechabeghị bụ “ụda. 24 awa nke ụbọchị "(2004-07) - 24 mejupụtara, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ga-eme na otu n'ime 24 awa nke ụbọchị. Ụdị ọzọ dị mkpa nke Stockhausen bụ egwu piano ya, nke ọ kpọrọ "piano iberibe" (Klavierstücke). 19 na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha a, nke emepụtara site na 1952 ruo 2003, na-egosipụta oge niile nke ọrụ onye dere ya.
Na 1974, Stockhausen ghọrọ Ọchịagha nke Order nke Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany, mgbe ahụ, Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1985), laureate nke Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), asọpụrụ dọkịta nke Mahadum Free nke Berlin (1996), onye otu ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ mba ofesi. N'afọ 1990, Stockhausen bịara USSR na ndị na-egwu egwu ya na ngwá ọrụ egwu dị ka akụkụ nke ememe egwu ncheta maka afọ 40th nke FRG.
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