Egwu nnwale |
egwu nnwale (site na lat. experimentum - ule, ahụmahụ) - egwu e dere iji nwalee ihe ọhụrụ mejupụtara. usoro, ọnọdụ ọhụrụ nke arụmọrụ, ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ụda, wdg. Echiche nke E. m. bụ ebighị ebi; ọ na-abata na okwu ndị dị ka "nchọ ihe okike", "ihe ọhụrụ", "ahụmahụ obi ike" ma ọ bụ (nke nwere nkọwa na-adịghị mma) "ụzọ nke tụgharịrị bụrụ enweghị olileanya". Njikọ nke echiche ndị a na njikọ aka ha napụrụ okwu ahụ "E. m." ókè doro anya na nke na-adịgide adịgide. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọrụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka E.m., ka oge na-aga, na-abanye n'omume ma tụfuo mbụ ha. mmetụ nke nnwale (“atonality” na Liszt's Bagatelle Without Key, 1885; ngagharị nke akwa ụda dị na mpempe Ives maka ọnụ ụlọ The Unanswered Question, 1908; nke mepere emepe dodecaphonic nke ukwuu na Webern's miniature Orchestral Piece No. 1, 1913 “piano akwadoro” na Cage's Bacchanalia, 1938, wdg). Nlele-njakịrị nwekwara ike ịsị na E.m. dịka ọmụmaatụ. Egwu e dere dịka ntụziaka nke akwụkwọ nke nwa akwụkwọ Bach Kirnberger si kwuo "Onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke Polonaises na Minuets nke Hourly" (1757) ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Mozart "Nduzi na-edepụta Waltzes n'ụdị ọ bụla na-eji dice abụọ, na-enweghị obere echiche. nke Music na mejupụtara" (1793).
N'ime afọ 50. 20th century Concrete music, electronic music, bụ tumadi na-akpọ electronic music (na 1958, initiator nke concrete music, P. Schaeffer, duru First International Decade of Experimental Music na Paris). Kedu ka E.m. tụleekwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọ ọkụ na egwu (egwu ọkụ), egwu igwe.
Nnwale egwu. art-ve, na-ekepụta mmetụta nke nchapụta na nka ọhụrụ. nnabata, ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-eduga na aesthetically zuru ezu n'ihi, ya mere ndị na-egwu egwu na-enwekarị obi abụọ E. m .: "Nnwale pụtara ihe na sayensị, ma ọ pụtara ihe ọ bụla na (egwu) mejupụtara" (Ọ BỤRỤ na Stravinsky, 1971, p. 281).
References: Zaripov R. Kh., Ural abụ ọma (na usoro nke ịmepụta egwu na kọmputa kọmputa nke Ural), Ihe ọmụma bụ Ike, 1961, Mba 2; nke ya, Cybernetics na egwu, M., 1963, 1971; Galeev B., Scriabin na mmepe nke echiche nke egwu egwu, na: Music na Modernity, vol. 6, M., 1969; nke ya, egwu egwu: nhazi na isi ihe nka ọhụrụ, Kazan, 1976; Kirnberger J. Ph., Der allezeit fertige Polonoisen- und Menuttencomponist, B., 1757; Vers une musique experimentale, “RM”, 1957, Numéro spécial (236); Patkowski J., Zzagadnien muzyki eksperimentalnej, “Muzyka”, 1958, rok 3, mba 4; Stravinsky I., Craft R., Mkparịta ụka ya na Igor Stravinsky, NY, 1959 ( ntụgharị asụsụ Russia – Stravinsky I., Mkparịta ụka…, L., 1971); Cage J., Zur Geschichte der experimentellen Musik na den Vereinigten Staaten, “Darmstädter Beiträge zur neuen Musik”, 2, 1959; Hiller LA, Isaacson LM, egwu nnwale, NY, 1959; Moles A., Les musiques experimentales, P.-Z.-Bruz., 1960; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, n'okpuru aha: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (nsụgharị Russian – Kohoutek Ts., Usoro ihe mejupụtara na Music nke 1976). ; Schdffer B., onye na-enye ozi Maly muzyki XX wieku, Kr., 1975. Hụkwa ọkụ. n'okpuru isiokwu Concrete music, Electronic music.
Yu. N. Kholopov
