Eugène Ysaÿe |

Eugene Ysaÿe

Art bụ ihe si na nchikota echiche na mmetụta zuru oke. E. Izai

E. Isai bụ onye na-ede egwú virtuoso ikpeazụ, ya na F. Kleisler, bụ onye gara n'ihu ma mepụta omenala nke nkà ịhụnanya nke ndị violin pụtara ìhè na narị afọ nke XNUMX. The nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke echiche na mmetụta, ọgaranya fantasy, improvisational nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, virtuosity mere Izaya otu n'ime pụtara ìhè nsụgharị, kpebisiri ike na mbụ ọdịdị nke ya ịrụ na composing ọrụ. Nkọwa ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịma ewu ewu nke ọrụ S. Frank, C. Saint-Saens, G. Fauré, E. Chausson.

A mụrụ Izai n'ime ezinụlọ nke onye violin, bụ onye malitere ịkụziri nwa ya nwoke mgbe ọ dị afọ 4. Nwa nwoke dị afọ asaa na-egwuri egwu n'otu egwuregwu ihe nkiri ma n'otu oge ahụ mụọ na Liège Conservatory na R. Massard. mgbe ahụ na Brussels Conservatory na G. Wieniawski na A. Vietnam. Ụzọ Izaya si gaa n'ọgba egwu adịghị mfe. Ruo 1882. ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na orchestras - ọ bụ onye na-egwu egwu nke Bilse Orchestra na Berlin, bụ ndị a na-eme ihe nkiri na cafe. Naanị na nkwusi ike nke A. Rubinstein, onye Izai kpọrọ "ezi onye nkuzi nkọwa", ọ hapụrụ òtù egwú ahụ wee soro na njem nlegharị anya nke Scandinavia na Rubinstein, bụ nke kpebiri ọrụ ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị violin kacha mma n'ụwa. .

Na Paris, a na-enwe mmasị n'ịrụ ọrụ Aịzaya n'ụwa niile, dị ka ihe ndị mbụ o dere, n'ime ya bụ "Elegiac Poem". Franck nyefere ya Violin Sonata ama ama ya, Saint-Saens the Quartet, Fauré the Piano Quintet, Debussy the Quartet na ụdị violin nke Nocturnes. N'okpuru mmetụta nke "Elegiac Poem" maka Izaya, Chausson na-emepụta "Poem". Na 1886 Ysaye biri na Brussels. N'ebe a, ọ na-emepụta quartet, bụ nke ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma na Europe, na-ahazi egwu egwu egwu (nke a na-akpọ "Izaya Concerts"), ebe ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na-eme ihe, na-akụzikwa na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa.

N'ihi na ihe karịrị 40 afọ Izaya nọgidere ya concert ọrụ. N'ịbụ onye nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ na-eme ọ bụghị nanị dị ka onye na-akụ violin, kamakwa dị ka onye nduzi pụtara ìhè, karịsịa maka ọrụ ya nke L. Beethoven na ndị French na-ede egwú. Na Covent Garden ọ duziri Beethoven's Fidelio, site na 1918-22. ghọrọ onye isi nduzi nke ndị egwu egwu na Cincinnati (USA).

N'ihi ọrịa shuga na ọrịa aka, Izaya na-ebelata ọrụ ya. Oge ikpeazụ ọ na-egwu na Madrid na 1927 bụ egwu egwu Beethoven nke P. Casals na-eduzi, ọ na-eduzi Symphony Heroic na Concerto triple nke A. Cortot, J. Thibaut na Casals mere. N'afọ 1930, ọrụ ikpeazụ Izaya mere. N'elu prosthesis mgbe e bepụsịrị ụkwụ ya, ọ na-eduzi otu egwu egwu 500 na Brussels na ememe a raara nye maka ncheta 100th nke nnwere onwe nke obodo ahụ. Ná mmalite nke afọ na-abịa, Izaya na-arịa ọrịa ugbua na-ege ntị na arụmọrụ nke opera ya bụ Pierre the Miner, nke e dechara obere oge tupu. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ọ nwụrụ.

Izaya nwere ihe egwu egwu karịrị iri atọ, nke edere ya maka violin. N'ime ha, uri 30 bụ otu n'ime ụdị kacha nso na ụdị ọrụ ya. Ihe ndị a bụ ihe mejupụtara otu akụkụ, nke ọdịdị na-adịghị mma, dị nso n'ụdị nkwupụta echiche. Tinyere "Elegiac Poem" a ma ama, "Scene at the Spinning Wheel", "Winter Song", "Ecstasy", nke nwere àgwà mmemme, na-ewu ewu.

Ihe egwu kachasị ọhụrụ nke Izaya bụ isii Sonatas maka violin solo, bụkwa nke usoro mmemme. Izaya nwekwara ọtụtụ iberibe, gụnyere mazurkas na polonaises, kere n'okpuru mmetụta nke ọrụ nke onye nkụzi ya G. Wieniawski, na Solo Cello Sonata, cadenzas, ọtụtụ transcriptions, nakwa dị ka orchestral mejupụtara "Evening Harmonies" na solo quartet.

Izai banyere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà egwu dị ka onye na-ese ihe nke ndụ ya niile na-etinye aka na ọrụ ọ hụrụ n'anya. Dị ka Casals dere, “aha Eugène Isaiah ga na-apụtara anyị mgbe nile ihe kasị dị ọcha, kasị mara mma nke onye na-ese ihe.”

V. Grigoriev

Eugene Ysaye na-eje ozi dị ka njikọ n'etiti nka violin nke Franco-Belgian nke ngwụcha narị afọ nke XNUMX na mmalite narị afọ nke XNUMX. Ma narị afọ nke XNUMX welitere ya; Izai bufere baton nke nnukwu ọdịnala ịhụnanya nke narị afọ a nye ọgbọ na-echegbu onwe ya na nke nwere obi abụọ nke violin nke narị afọ nke XNUMX.

Isai bụ mpako mba nke ndị Belgium; Ruo ugbu a, asọmpi violin mba ụwa na-eme na Brussels na-aza aha ya. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe n'ezie nke mba nke ketara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ violin nke Belgium na ndị metụtara ya bụ àgwà ha - ọgụgụ isi na mmejuputa echiche nke echiche ịhụnanya kachasị mma, idoanya na ịdị iche, ịdị mma na amara nke ngwá ọrụ na nnukwu mmetụta uche dị n'ime nke na-egosipụtakarị egwu egwu ya mgbe niile. . Ọ nọ nso na isi iyi nke omenala egwu Gallic: ọnọdụ ime mmụọ dị elu nke Cesar Franck; idoanya egwu egwu, ịma mma, ịma mma nke ọma na eserese mara mma nke ihe ndị Saint-Saens; ndozigharị ihe onyonyo Debussy na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. N'ime ọrụ ya, ọ si na classicism, nke nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na egwu nke Saint-Saens, gaa na sonatas-romantic sonatas maka solo violin, nke e debere ọ bụghị nanị site na impressionism, kamakwa site na oge post-impressionist.

A mụrụ Ysaye na Julaị 6, 1858 na mpaghara ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na Liège. Nna ya Nikola bụ onye na-egwu egwu egwu, onye nduzi nke salon na ụlọ ihe nkiri; N'oge ntorobịa ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, ma nsogbu ego ekweghị ya gụchaa ya. Ọ bụ ya ghọrọ onye nkụzi mbụ nwa ya nwoke. Eugene malitere ịmụ ịkụ violin mgbe ọ dị afọ 4, mgbe ọ dị afọ 7, ọ banyere n'òtù egwú. Ezinụlọ ahụ buru ibu (ụmụaka ise) ma chọkwuru ego.

Eugene ji ekele cheta ihe mmụta nna ya: “Ọ bụrụ na n’ọdịnihu Rodolphe Massard, Wieniawski na Vietanne megheere m nghọta banyere nkọwa na usoro, mgbe ahụ papa m kụziiri m nkà nke ime ka violin na-ekwu okwu.”

Na 1865, e kenyere nwa nwoke ahụ na Liege Conservatory, na klas Desire Heinberg. A ghaghị ijikọta nkuzi na ọrụ, nke metụtara ihe ịga nke ọma n'ụzọ dị njọ. Na 1868 nne ya nwụrụ; nke a mere ka ndụ sikwuoro ezinụlọ ike. Otu afọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, a manyere Eugene ịhapụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ahụ.

Ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ malitere n'onwe ya - ọ na-egwu violin nke ukwuu, na-amụ ọrụ Bach, Beethoven na violin na-emekarị; Agụrụ m ọtụtụ ihe - na ihe a niile na etiti oge n'etiti njem na Belgium, France, Switzerland na Germany na ndị egwu egwu nna m duziri.

Ọ dabara nke ọma, mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Vietang nụrụ ya wee sie ọnwụ ka nwa okoro ahụ laghachi na conservatory. Oge a Izai nọ na klas Massara ma na-enwe ọganihu ngwa ngwa; N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ meriri ihe nrite mbụ na asọmpi Conservatory na nrite ọla edo. Mgbe afọ 2 gachara, ọ hapụrụ Liege gaa Brussels. Isi obodo Belgium bụ onye ama ama maka ụlọ nchekwa ya n'ụwa niile, na-asọ mpi Paris, Prague, Berlin, Leipzig na St. Petersburg. Mgbe Izai na-eto eto bịarutere Brussels, Venyavsky na-edu ndị òtù violin na conservatory. Eugene mụụrụ ya ihe maka afọ 2, wee gụchaa akwụkwọ na Vieuxtan. Vietang gara n'ihu ihe Venyavsky malitere. O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe nke echiche aesthetic na nka nka nke onye na-eto eto violin. N’ụbọchị nke narị afọ nke iri nke ọmụmụ Vietanne, Eugene Ysaye, n’okwu o kwuru na Verviers, kwuru, sị: “O gosiri m ụzọ, meghee anya na obi m.”

Ụzọ onye na-eto eto violin na-enweta amara siri ike. Site na 1879 ruo 1881, Isai rụrụ ọrụ na Berlin orchestra nke W. Bilse, onye egwu ya na-eme na cafe Flora. Naanị mgbe ụfọdụ ka ọ na-enwe ezigbo akụ iji nye egwu egwu naanị. Ndị nta akụkọ oge ọ bụla gosipụtara àgwà ndị mara mma nke egwuregwu ya - nkwuwa okwu, mkpali, usoro enweghị atụ. Na Bilse Orchestra, Ysaye mekwara dị ka onye na-agụ egwú; nke a dọtara ọbụna ndị kasị ibu egwú na Flora cafe. N'ebe a, iji gee egwu egwu violin dị ebube, Joachim kpọtara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya; Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann, Anton Rubinstein gara kafe ahụ; ọ bụ ya kwusiri ike na ọpụpụ nke Izaya site na egwu egwu ma kpọọ ya na njem nka nke Scandinavia.

Njem ahụ na Scandinavia gara nke ọma. Izai na-egwukarị Rubinstein, na-enye mgbede sonata. Mgbe ọ nọ na Bergen, o jisiri ike mata Grieg, onye atọ nke sonata violin ya na Rubinstein mere. Rubinstein ghọrọ ọ bụghị naanị onye mmekọ, kamakwa enyi na onye ndụmọdụ nke onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe. "Ekwenyela ihe ngosi nke ihe ịga nke ọma n'èzí," ka ọ kụziri, "na-enwe otu ebumnuche mgbe niile n'ihu gị - ịkọwa egwu dịka nghọta gị siri dị, àgwà gị, na, karịsịa, obi gị, ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ya. Ezi ọrụ nke onye na-egwu egwu abụghị ịnara, kama inye ... "

Mgbe njem Scandinavia gasịrị, Rubinstein na-enyere Izaya aka imechi nkwekọrịta maka ihe nkiri na Russia. Nleta mbụ ya mere n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1882; A na-eme egwuregwu n'ụlọ mgbakọ na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ nke St. Petersburg - Pavlovsk Kursaal. Isaị nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọbụna ndị nta akụkọ jiri ya tụnyere Venyavsky, mgbe Yzai na-egwuri egwu Mendelssohn's Concerto na August 27, ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-ege ntị kpubere ya okpueze laurel.

Nke a si malite njikọ ogologo oge nke Izaya na Russia. Ọ na-apụta ebe a na oge ọzọ - na January 1883, na mgbakwunye na njem nleta Moscow na St. Petersburg na Kyiv, Kharkov, Odessa, n'oge oyi. Na Odessa, o nyere concerts ọnụ na A. Rubinstein.

Otu akụkọ dị ogologo pụtara na Odessa Herald, nke e dere na ya: “Mr. Aisaia ji ezi obi, ihe ngosi na ihe bara uru nke egwuregwu ya dọọrọ mmasị ma jide ya. N'okpuru aka ya, violin na-atụgharị ghọọ ngwá ọrụ dị ndụ, nke na-eme ihe nkiri: ọ na-abụ abụ dị ụtọ, na-akwa ákwá ma na-akwa ákwá na-emetụ n'ahụ, na-atụgharịkwa n'ịhụnanya, na-asụ ude nke ukwuu, na-aṅụrị ọṅụ n'olu, na okwu na-enye ihe niile dị ntakịrị shades na oke mmetụta. Nke a bụ ike na ịma mma dị egwu nke egwuregwu Aisaia…”

Mgbe afọ 2 gachara (1885) Izai alọtala Russia. Ọ na-eme njem ọhụrụ buru ibu n'obodo ya. Na 1883-1885, ọ maara ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwú Russia: na Moscow na Bezekirsky, na St. Petersburg na C. Cui, bụ onye ọ gbanwere akwụkwọ ozi banyere arụmọrụ nke ọrụ ya na France.

Ọrụ ya na Paris, n'otu n'ime ihe nkiri Edouard Colonne na 1885, dị ezigbo mkpa maka Ysaye. Onye na-eto eto violin bụ K. Saint-Saens tụrụ aro kọlụm a. Ysaye mere Symphony Spanish nke E. Lalo na Rondo Capriccioso nke Saint-Saens mere.

Mgbe egwu ahụ gasịrị, ọnụ ụzọ nke mpaghara egwu kachasị elu nke Paris meghere n'ihu onye na-eto eto violin. Ya na Saint-Saens na Cesar Franck a na-amaghị nke ọma na-akpakọrịta, onye malitere n'oge ahụ; ọ na-ekere òkè ná mgbede egwú ha, na-eji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-adọtara onwe ya ihe ọhụrụ. Belgian na-ewe iwe na-adọta ndị na-ede egwú na nkà ya dị ịtụnanya, yana ịdị njikere nke ọ na-etinye onwe ya n'ịkwalite ọrụ ha. Site na ọkara nke abụọ nke 80s, ọ bụ ya meghere ụzọ maka ọtụtụ violin kachasị ọhụrụ na ihe eji eme ụlọ nke ndị French na Belgium dere. N'ihi ya, na 1886 Cesar Franck dere Violin Sonata - otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ọrụ nke ụwa violin repertoire. Franck zigara Sonata na Arlon na Septemba 1886, n'ụbọchị Aịzaya lụrụ Louise Bourdeau.

Ọ bụ ụdị onyinye agbamakwụkwọ. Na December 16, 1886 Ysaye egwuri ọhụrụ sonata maka oge mbụ na mgbede na Brussels "Artist's Circle", usoro ihe omume nke mejupụtara kpamkpam nke ọrụ Franck. Aisaị wee kpọọ ya na mba niile nke ụwa. Vensant d'Andy dere, sị: “Sonata ahụ Eugene Ysaye buru gburugburu ụwa bụụrụ Frank ihe ọṅụ dị ụtọ. Ọrụ Izaya na-enye otuto ọ bụghị naanị ọrụ a, kamakwa onye kere ya, n'ihi na tupu mgbe ahụ, mmadụ ole na ole maara aha Frank.

Ysaye mere ọtụtụ ihe maka Chausson. Na mmalite 90s, onye violin dị ịrịba ama rụrụ piano trio na Concerto maka Violin, Piano na Bow Quartet (na nke mbụ na Brussels na March 4, 1892). Karịsịa maka Isaiah Chausson dere "Poem" a ma ama, nke onye violin rụrụ maka oge mbụ na Disemba 27, 1896 na Nancy.

Nnukwu ọbụbụenyi, nke dịruru 80-90s, jikọtara Isai na Debussy. Isai bụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka egwu Debussy, mana, mana ọ na-arụkarị ọrụ nke enwere njikọ na Franck. Nke a metụtara n'ụzọ doro anya àgwà ya n'ebe quartet, nke onye na-ede egwú na-agụta Izaya dere. Debussy raara ọrụ ya nye mkpokọta quartet Belgian nke Ysaye na-edu ya. Emere nke mbụ mere na Disemba 29, 1893 na egwu egwu nke National Society na Paris, na na Machị 1894 kwa, e megharịrị quartet ahụ na Brussels. "Izay, onye nwere mmasị na Debussy, gbalịsiri ike ime ka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ kwenye na nchịkọta ya nke nkà na uru nke egwu a.

N'ihi na Isaiah Debussy dere "Nocturnes" na naanị mgbe e mesịrị megharịa ha ka ọ bụrụ a symphonic ọrụ. “Ana m arụ ọrụ na Nocturnes atọ maka solo violin na orchestra,” ka o degaara Ysaye na Septemba 22, 1894; - egwu egwu nke mbụ na-anọchi anya ụdọ, nke abụọ - site na ọjà, mpi anọ, ọkpọkọ atọ na ụbọ akwara abụọ; egwu egwu nke atọ na-ejikọta ma. N'ozuzu, nke a bụ ịchọ njikọ dị iche iche nwere ike inye otu agba, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ese ihe osise na ụda isi awọ ... "

Ysaye nwere ekele nke ukwuu Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande na na 1896 gbalịrị (n'agbanyeghị na emeghi nke ọma) ka opera haziri na Brussels. Isai raara quartets ha nye d'Andy, Saint-Saens, piano quintet nye G. Fauré, ị nweghị ike ịgụta ha niile!

Ebe ọ bụ na 1886, Izai biri na Brussels, ebe ọ na-adịghị anya sonye na "Club of Twenty" (ebe 1893, ọha mmadụ "Free Aesthetics") - otu òtù nke elu artists na egwú. Mmetụta mmetụta uche na-achị klọb ahụ, ndị otu ya nwere mmasị na usoro kachasị ọhụrụ maka oge ahụ. Isai na-eduzi akụkụ egwu nke klọb ahụ, na-ahazi ihe nkiri na ntọala ya, nke, na mgbakwunye na oge ochie, ọ kwalitere ọrụ ọhụrụ site na ndị Belgium na ndị na-ede egwú mba ọzọ. E ji ọmarịcha quartet mara mma nke Izaya na-edu. Ọ gụnyekwara Mathieu Krikbum, Leon van Gut na Joseph Jacob. Ensembles Debussy, d'Andy, Fauré rụrụ na nke a mejupụtara.

Na 1895, a na-agbakwunye ihe nkiri Izaya Concertos na nchịkọta ụlọ, nke dịruru ruo 1914. The orchestra na-eduzi Ysaye, Saint-Saens, Mottl, Weingartner, Mengelberg na ndị ọzọ, n'etiti soloists dị ka Kreisler, Casals, Thibault. Capet, Punyo, Galirzh.

Ejikọtara mmemme egwu Izaya na Brussels na nkuzi. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na conservatory, site na 1886 ruo 1898 ọ na-eduzi klas violin ya. N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, e mechara bụrụ ndị ama ama: V. Primroz, M. Krikbum, L. Persinger na ndị ọzọ; Isai nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọtụtụ ndị na-akụ violin bụ ndị na-agụghị akwụkwọ na klas ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na J. Thibaut, F. Kreisler, K. Flesch. Y. Szigeti, D. Enescu.

A manyere onye na-ese ihe ka ọ hapụ ụlọ nchekwa ahụ n'ihi nnukwu ọrụ egwu ọ na-eme, bụ nke ọchịchọ nke okike masịrị ya karịa ka nkuzi. Na 90s, o nyere concerts na karịsịa ike, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ malitere ọrịa aka. Aka ekpe ya na-agbakasị ahụ́ karịsịa. “Ọdachi ndị ọzọ niile bụ ihe ọ bụla ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe aka na-arịa ọrịa nwere ike ịkpata,” ka o degaara nwunye ya n’oké nchegbu na 1899. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ pụghị iche n’echiche ndụ n’èzí n’egwuregwu egwú, n’abụghị egwú, sị: “Ọ na-aka m enwe obi ụtọ mgbe m na-egwu egwu. Mgbe ahụ, m hụrụ ihe niile n'anya n'ụwa. A na m ekwupụta mmetụta na obi… ”…

Dị ka a ga-asị na ahụ ọkụ na-eme ya jidere ya, ọ gara gburugburu obodo ndị dị na Europe, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1894, o mere ihe nkiri na America maka oge mbụ. Aha ya na-aghọ n'ezie n'ụwa nile.

N'ime afọ ndị a, ọ ọzọ, ugboro abụọ ọzọ, bịarutere Russia - na 1890, 1895. Na March 4, 1890, maka oge mbụ maka onwe ya Izai n'ihu ọha rụrụ Beethoven's Concerto na Riga. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ naghị anwa anwa itinye ọrụ a n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. N'oge nleta ndị a, onye violin ahụ kpọbatara ọha na eze Russia na ụlọ ensembles d'Andy na Fauré, na Franck's Sonata.

N'ime 80s na 90s, akwụkwọ akụkọ Izaya gbanwere nke ukwuu. Na mbụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ Wieniawski, Vietaine, Saint-Saens, Mendelssohn, Bruch. N'ime afọ 90, ọ na-atụgharị na egwu nke ndị nna ochie ochie - sonatas nke Bach, Vitali, Veracini na Handel, concertos nke Vivaldi, Bach. N'ikpeazụ wee bịa na Beethoven Concerto.

Ọrụ nke ndị na-ede French kacha ọhụrụ na-emejupụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. N'ime mmemme egwu ya, Izai ji obi ya tinye ọrụ nke ndị na-ede egwú Russia - egwuregwu nke Cui, Tchaikovsky ("Melancholic Serenade"), Taneyev. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 900s ọ na-egwuri concertos site Tchaikovsky na Glazunov, nakwa dị ka ụlọ ensembles site Tchaikovsky na Borodin.

Na 1902, Isai zụtara villa n'akụkụ mmiri nke Meuse wee nye ya aha uri "La Chanterelle" (nke ise bụ eriri elu na-adọrọ mmasị na nke na-atọ ụtọ na violin). N'ebe a, n'oge ọnwa okpomọkụ, ọ na-ezumike site na egwu egwu, ndị enyi na ndị na-amasị ya gbara ya gburugburu, ndị egwu a ma ama bụ ndị ji obi ha bịa ebe a ka ha na Izaya nọ ma banye n'ime egwu egwu nke ụlọ ya. F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut, D. Enescu, P. Casals, R. Pugno, F. Busoni, A. Cortot bụ ndị ọbịa ugboro ugboro na 900s. N'uhuruchi, quartets na sonatas na-egwuri egwu. Ma ụdị ezumike a Izai kwere onwe ya naanị n'oge okpomọkụ. Ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ike egwu egwu ya adaghị mbà. Naanị na England ọ nọrọ oge 4 n'usoro (1901-1904), duziri Beethoven's Fidelio na London wee sonye na mmemme a raara nye Saint-Saens. Ndị Philharmonic London nyere ya ihe nrite ọla edo. N'ime afọ ndị a ọ gara Russia ugboro 7 (1900, 1901, 1903, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1912).

Ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya, jiri njikọ nke ọbụbụenyi dị ukwuu mechie ya, ya na A. Siloti, onye o mere ihe nkiri ya. Siloti dọtara ndị ọrụ nka mara mma. Izai, onye gosipụtara onwe ya n'oke egwu n'akụkụ mmemme egwu dị iche iche, bụụrụ ya naanị akụ. Ọnụ ha na-enye mgbede sonata; na concerts Ziloti Ysaye rụrụ na Casals, na ama St. Petersburg violinist V. Kamensky (na Bach si okpukpu abụọ concerto), onye duru Mecklenburg-Strelitzky quartet. Site n'ụzọ, na 1906, mgbe Kamensky dara ọrịa na mberede, Izai dochie ya impromptu ch na quartet na otu n'ime concerts. Ọ bụ mgbede mara mma, bụ nke ndị nta akụkọ St. Petersburg ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nyochaa ya.

Na Rachmaninov na Brandukov Izai mere otu ugboro (na 1903) Tchaikovsky atọ. N'ime ndị isi egwu Russia, onye pianist A. Goldenweiser (anyasị sonata na Jenụwarị 19, 1910) na onye violin B. Sibor nyere Yzai egwu.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1910, ahụ́ ike Izaya akwụsịla. Ọrụ egwu kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ kpatara ọrịa obi, ịrụbiga ọrụ ụjọ ụjọ, ọrịa shuga malitere, na ọrịa aka ekpe ka njọ. Ndị dọkịta na-akwadosi ike ka onye na-ese ihe kwụsị egwuregwu ahụ. “Ma ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ ndị a na-apụta ọnwụ,” Izai degaara nwunye ya na January 7, 1911. – Ọ bụghị! Agaghị m agbanwe ndụ m dị ka onye na-ese ihe ma ọ bụrụhaala na enwere m otu atom nke ike fọdụrụ; ruo mgbe m na-eche ọdịda nke uche na-akwado m, ruo mgbe mkpịsị aka m, ụta, isi jụrụ m.

Dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na aka aka akara aka, na 1911 Ysaye na-enye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke concerts na Vienna, na 1912 ọ njem gburugburu Germany, Russia, Austria, France. Na Berlin na January 8, 1912, F. Kreisler, bụ onye e gbutere oge pụrụ iche na Berlin, gara ihe nkiri ya, A. Pechnikov, M. Elman. Izai mere ihe nkiri Elgar, bụ́ nke ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla amaghị n'oge ahụ. Egwuregwu ahụ gara nke ọma. "Egwuru m "obi ụtọ", m, mgbe m na-egwu egwu, na-ahapụ echiche m ka ọ pụta dị ka ebe bara ụba, dị ọcha na nke doro anya ..."

Mgbe njem 1912 nke mba Europe gasịrị, Izai gara America wee nọrọ oge abụọ n'ebe ahụ; ọ laghachiri Yurop n'abalị bọtara ụbọchị Agha Ụwa.

N'ịbụ onye gụchara njem America ya, Izaya ji obi ụtọ na-enwe ntụrụndụ. Na mmalite nke oge okpomọkụ tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Isai, Enescu, Kreisler, Thibaut na Casals guzobere okirikiri egwu mechiri emechi.

Casals na-echeta, "Anyị na-aga Thibault.

- Ị nọ naanị gị?

“E nwere ihe kpatara nke ahụ. Anyị ahụla ndị mmadụ zuru oke na njegharị anyị… na anyị chọrọ ịme egwu maka obi ụtọ anyị. Ná nzukọ ndị a, mgbe anyị na-eme quartets, Izai na-enwe mmasị ịkụ viola. Na dị ka onye violin, ọ na-egbuke egbuke na-enweghị atụ.

Agha Ụwa Mbụ hụrụ Ysaye ezumike na villa "La Chanterelle". Ọdachi na-abịanụ tụrụ Izaya maa jijiji. Ya onwe ya bụkwa nke ụwa dum, nwere njikọ chiri anya site n'ọrụ ya na ọdịdị nka ya na omenala obodo dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, n'ikpeazụ, mmetụta ịhụ mba n'anya jupụtakwara n'ime ya. Ọ na-ekere òkè na egwu egwu, nchịkọta sitere na nke e bu n'obi maka ọdịmma ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Mgbe agha ahụ rutere nso na Belgium, Ysaye, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya rutere Dunkirk, gafere n'ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ na England na ebe a na-agbalịkwa inyere ndị Belgium gbara ọsọ ndụ aka na nkà ya. Na 1916, o nyere concerts na Belgian n'ihu, na-egwu ọ bụghị nanị n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, kamakwa n'ụlọ ọgwụ, na n'ihu.

Na London, Ysaye bi na iche, na-abụkarị edezi cadences maka concertos nke Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart's Symphony Concerto maka violin na viola, na-edegharị iberibe maka violin site n'aka ndị nna ukwu oge ochie.

N'ime afọ ndị a, ya na onye na-ede uri Emil Verharn na-akpachi anya. O yiri ka àgwà ha dị nnọọ iche maka ọbụbụenyi chiri anya dị otú ahụ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge nke oké ọdachi ụmụ mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ndị mmadụ, ọbụna ndị dị nnọọ iche, na-ejikọtakarị ọnụ site n'ịdị n'otu nke àgwà ha na ihe omume na-eme.

N'oge agha ahụ, ndụ egwu egwu na Europe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị. Izai gara Madrid naanị otu ugboro na egwu egwu. N’ihi ya, o ji obi ya nakwere ihe e nyere ya ịga America gaa ebe ahụ ná ngwụsị afọ 1916. Otú ọ dị, Izaya adịlarị afọ 60, ọ pụghịkwa imeli ihe omume egwú kpụ ọkụ n’ọnụ. N'afọ 1917, ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Na post a, ọ chọtara njedebe nke agha ahụ. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ, Izai na ndị egwú na-arụ ọrụ ruo 1922. N'otu oge, na 1919, ọ bịara Belgium maka okpomọkụ, ma ọ nwere ike ịlaghachi ebe ahụ nanị na njedebe nke nkwekọrịta ahụ.

Na 1919, Ysaye Concerts maliteghachiri ọrụ ha na Brussels. Mgbe ọ laghachiri, onye na-ese ihe gbalịrị, dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, ịghọ onye isi nke nzukọ egwu a ọzọ, ma ahụike ya na-ada ada na nká ekweghị ya rụọ ọrụ nke onye nduzi ruo ogologo oge. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, o tinyere onwe ya karịsịa n'ịmepụta ihe. Na 1924 o dere 6 sonatas maka solo violin, nke ugbu a gụnyere na ụwa violin repertoire.

Afọ 1924 siri ike nke ukwuu Izaya - nwunye ya nwụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgideghị n’alụmdi na nwunye ruo ogologo oge ma lụọkwa nwa akwụkwọ ya bụ́ Jeanette Denken. O mere ka afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ agadi nwoke ahụ dị mma, jiri ikwesị ntụkwasị obi lekọta ya mgbe ọrịa ya kasiri ike. N'ime ọkara mbụ nke 20s, Izai ka na-enye egwu egwu, mana a manyere ya ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri kwa afọ.

N'afọ 1927, Casals kpọrọ Aịzaya ka o sonye na ihe nkiri egwu egwu egwu ọ haziri na Barcelona, ​​​​na mgbede gala maka ịsọpụrụ afọ 100 nke ọnwụ Beethoven. Casals na-echeta, sị: “Na mbụ ọ jụrụ (anyị agaghị echefu, na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na onye na-akụ violin ahụ emebeghị ihe dị ka onye na-agụ egwú ruo ogologo oge). M siri ọnwụ. "Ma ọ ga-ekwe omume?" – ọ jụrụ. “Ee,” ka m zaghachiri, “ọ ga-ekwe omume.” Izaya metụrụ m aka n'aka ya wee gbakwụnye: "A sị na ọrụ ebube a mere!".

Ọ fọdụrụ ọnwa 5 tupu egwu egwu ahụ. Ka oge na-aga, nwa Izaya degaara m akwụkwọ, sị: “Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ahụ nna m ọ hụrụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, ruo ọtụtụ awa, ka ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akụ ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀! Anyị enweghị ike ile ya anya ma ọ bụrụ na anyị akwaghị ákwá.”

… “Izaya nwere oge dị ịtụnanya na arụmọrụ ya bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe ọ gwuchara, ọ chọrọ m n'azụ. Ọ dara n’ikpere ya, jide m aka, na-ekwu, sị: “O bilie! Akpọlitere n’ọnwụ!” Ọ bụ oge na-akpụ akpụ a na-apụghị ịkọwa akọwa. N'echi ya, agara m ịhụ ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. O si na windo ụgbọ ala gbatuo, ma mgbe ụgbọ oloko ahụ na-aga, ọ ka jidere m aka, dị ka a ga-asị na ụjọ na-atụ m ịhapụ ya.

N'ọgwụgwụ 20s, ahụ ike Izaya mechara daa; ọrịa shuga mellitus, ọrịa obi amụbawo nke ukwuu. Na 1929, e bepụrụ ya ụkwụ. N'ịbụ onye dina n'àkwà, o dere ọrụ ikpeazụ ya - opera "Pierre Miner" na olumba Walloon, ya bụ, n'asụsụ nke ndị ọ bụ nwa ha nwoke. Emechara opera ahụ ngwa ngwa.

Dị ka onye na-agụ egwú, Izai anaghịzi eme ihe. O mere ka ọ pụta na ogbo otu ugboro ọzọ, ma ugbua dị ka onye nduzi. Na Nọvemba 13, 1930, o duziri na Brussels na ememe a raara nye maka ncheta 100th nke nnwere onwe Belgian. Ndị egwu ahụ nwere mmadụ 500, onye na-agụ egwú bụ Pablo Casals, onye rụrụ egwu Lalo na abụ nke anọ nke Ysaye.

N'afọ 1931, ọ dara ọdachi ọhụrụ - ọnwụ nwanne ya nwanyị na nwa ya nwanyị. Ọ kwadoro naanị site n'echiche nke mmepụta nke opera na-abịa. Ihe ngosi ya, nke mere na Machị 4 na Royal Theatre na Liege, ọ gere ntị n'ụlọ ọgwụ na redio. N'April 25, e mere opera na Brussels; a kpọgara onye na-ede egwú na-arịa ọrịa n'ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri na akwa akwa. Ọ ṅụrịrị ọṅụ na ihe ịga nke ọma nke opera dị ka nwatakịrị. Ma nke ahụ bụ ọṅụ ikpeazụ o nwere. Ọ nwụrụ na May 12, 1931.

Omume Izaya bụ otu n'ime ibe kachasị mma na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke violin ụwa. Ụdị egwuregwu ya bụ ihunanya; Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-atụnyere ya na Wieniawski na Sarasate. Otú ọ dị, nkà egwu ya nyere ohere, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị iche iche, ma n'ụzọ doro anya na n'ụzọ doro anya, ịkọwa ọrụ oge ochie nke Bach, Beethoven, Brahms. A ghọtara nkọwa ya banyere ihe odide ndị a ma nwee ekele dị ukwuu. Ya mere, mgbe ihe nkiri nke 1895 na Moscow gasịrị, A. Koreshchenko dere na Izai rụrụ Sarabande na Gigue Bach "na nghọta dị ịtụnanya nke ụdị na mmụọ" nke ọrụ ndị a.

Ka o sina dị, na nkọwa nke ọrụ oge ochie, a pụghị itinye ya na Joachim, Laub, Auer. Ọ bụ ihe e ji mara na V. Cheshikhin, onye dere ntụlegharị nke arụmọrụ nke egwu egwu Beethoven na Kyiv na 1890, tụnyere ya na Joachim ma ọ bụ Laub, kama… na Sarasate. O dere na Sarasate “tinyere ọkụ na ike dị ukwuu n'ọrụ a na-eto eto nke Beethoven nke na ọ na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị mara nghọta dị iche iche nke egwuregwu ahụ; otu o sila dị, ụzọ amara na nke dị nro e si ebufe Aịsaịa na-adọrọ nnọọ mmasị.

Na ntụleghachi J. Engel, Yzai na-emegide Joachim: “Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akụ violin n'oge a kasị mma, ọbụnadị onye mbụ n'ime ndị mbụ n'ụdị ya. Ọ bụrụ na Joachim enweghị ike iru dị ka ihe a ma ama, Wilhelmi bụ onye a ma ama maka ike ya na-enweghị atụ na ụda olu ya na-enweghị atụ, mgbe ahụ, egwu Mr. Isaiah nwere ike bụrụ ihe atụ magburu onwe ya nke amara dị mma na nke dị nro, mmecha kacha mma nke nkọwa, na ikpo ọkụ nke ịrụ ọrụ. E kwesịghị ịghọta nkwubi okwu a ma ọlị n'ụzọ na Maazị Aisaia enweghị ike ịme izu oke oge gboo ma ọ bụ na ụda ya enweghị ike na njupụta - n'akụkụ a ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe dị ịrịba ama, nke pụtara ìhè, n'etiti. Ihe ndị ọzọ, sitere na Romance Beethoven na egwu nke anọ Vietana…”

N'akụkụ a, nyocha A. Ossovsky, bụ nke mesiri ọdịdị ịhụnanya nke nkà Izaya ike, na-etinye ntụpọ niile na "na" na nke a. "N'ime ụdị ndị na-egwu egwu abụọ a pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche," Ossovsky dere, "ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ihe nke ụdị," E. Izai, n'ezie, bụ nke mbụ. Ọ gbara egwu egwu oge gboo site na Bach, Mozart, Beethoven; Anyị nụkwara egwu ụlọ n'aka ya - Mendelssohn's na Beethoven's quartets, M. Reger's suite. Mana n'agbanyeghị aha ole m gụrụ, ebe niile na mgbe ọ bụ Izaya n'onwe ya. Ọ bụrụ na Hans Bülow's Mozart na-apụta mgbe niile dị ka naanị Mozart, na Brahms naanị Brahms, na àgwà nke onye na-eme ihe ngosi gosipụtara nanị na njide onwe onye a karịrị nke mmadụ na oyi na-atụ dị ka nyocha ígwè, mgbe ahụ Bülow adịghị elu karịa Rubinstein, dịka ọmụmaatụ. ugbu a J. Joachim na-elekọta E. Ysaye…”

Ụda nlegharị anya n'ozuzu ya na-agba akaebe na Izai bụ ezigbo onye na-ede uri, onye na-ahụ n'anya nke violin, na-ejikọta nchapụta nke mmụọ na ịdị mfe dị ịtụnanya na egwu egwu, amara na nchacha na lyricism na-abanye. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile na nyocha ha dere banyere ụda ya, nkwupụta nke cantilena, banyere ịbụ abụ na violin: "Olee otú o si bụrụ abụ! N'otu oge, violin nke Pablo de Sarasate na-abụ abụ nke aghụghọ. Mana ọ bụ ụda soprano coloratura, mara mma, mana obere na-egosipụta mmetụta. Ụda Izaya, na-adị ọcha mgbe niile na-enweghị njedebe, n'amaghị ihe njirimara ụda "creaky" nke ekrypkch bụ, mara mma ma na piano na forte, ọ na-agba ọsọ mgbe niile ma na-egosipụta ntakịrị gbagọọ nke okwu egwu. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbaghara onye edemede nke nyochaa okwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "okwu na-ehulata", mgbe ahụ n'ozuzu ọ kọwapụtara n'ụzọ doro anya njirimara njirimara nke ụzọ Izaya dị mma.

Na nyocha nke 80s na 90s mmadụ nwere ike na-agụkarị na ụda ya adịghị ike; na 900s, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke reviews na-egosi dị nnọọ iche: "Nke a bụ nnọọ ụfọdụ ụdị ibu onye, ​​na ya dị ukwuu obosara ụda, na-emeri gị site na mbụ ndetu ..." Ma ihe bụ indisputable na Izaya maka onye ọ bụla bụ ya nkà na mmetụta mmetụta uche. - na-emesapụ aka n'ịdị mma nke ọdịdị ime mmụọ sara mbara na ọtụtụ akụkụ, na-eju anya.

“O siri ike ịkpọlite ​​ire ọkụ ahụ, mkpali Izaya. Aka ekpe dị ịtụnanya. Ọ tụrụ egwu mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu egwu Saint-Saens na ọ bụghị ihe pụrụ iche mgbe ọ na-egwu Franck sonata. Onye na-adọrọ mmasị ma na-enupụ isi, ọdịdị siri ike nke ukwuu. Ezi nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ na-amasị m. O kwuru na onye na-ese ihe na-etinye ike dị ukwuu n'oge a na-eme ihe nkiri nke na ọ ga-eweghachi ha. Ọ makwa ka esi eweghachi ha, asim unu! N’otu uhuruchi, mgbe m rutere n’ọnụ ụlọ ejiji ya iji gosi mmasị m nwere, o ji njakịrị nkpu zaa m, sị: “Obere Enescu, ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ igwu egwu dị ka m n’afọ ndụ m, lee anya, abụla onye na-anụ ọkụ n’obi!”

Izai juru onye ọ bụla maara ya n'anya site n'ịhụnanya ndụ ya na oke agụụ ya. Thibaut na-echeta na mgbe a kpọtaara ya na Izaya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, a na-akpọ ya na mbụ ka ọ bịa n'ọnụ ụlọ iri nri, ọnụ ọgụgụ nri nke nnukwu ahụ na-eri na agụụ Gargantua juru ya anya. Mgbe Izaya richara nri, ọ gwara nwa okoro ahụ ka ọ kpọọrọ ya violin. Jacques rụrụ Wieniawski Concerto, na Izai so ya na violin, na n'ụzọ na Thibaut nụrụ n'ụzọ doro anya timbre nke ọ bụla nke orchestral ngwá. "Ọ bụghị onye na-akụ violin - ọ bụ ìgwè ndị egwú. Mgbe m kwuchara, o tinye aka ya n'ubu m, wee sị:

“Ee, nwa, pụọ ebe a.

M laghachiri n'ọnụ ụlọ iri ihe, bụ́ ebe ndị na-eje ozi nọ na-ekpocha tebụl.

Enwere m oge iji gaa obere mkparịta ụka ndị a:

"Ka o sina dị, onye ọbịa dị ka Izaya-san nwere ike ịme nnukwu oghere na mmefu ego!"

– Ma o kwetara na o nwere enyi na-eri ọbụna ihe.

– MA! Kedu onye ọ bụ?

"Nke a bụ onye pianist aha ya bụ Raul Pugno..."

Mkparịta ụka a mere Jacques nke ukwuu, ma n’oge ahụ Izai kwupụtara nna ya, sị: “Ị maara, ọ bụ eziokwu— nwa gị nwoke na-egwuri egwu karịa m!”

Okwu Enescu na-adọrọ mmasị: “Izai… bụ nke ndị amamihe ha na-agafe obere adịghị ike. N’ezie, anaghị m ekweta na ya n’ihe niile, ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dị m ka m jiri echiche m na-emegide Izaya. Gị na Zeus adịghị arụrịta ụka!

K. Flesh mere nchọpụta bara uru banyere usoro violin Isai, sị: “N'ime afọ 80 nke narị afọ gara aga, ndị na-akụ violin na-eme ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara ejighị nanị ịma jijiji, kama ha na-eji nanị ihe a na-akpọ ịma jijiji mkpịsị aka, bụ́ nke e ji ụda olu bụ́ isi mee ihe. naanị imperceptible vibrations. A na-ewere ịma jijiji na ndetu ndị na-adịghị akọwapụta, ma ọ bụghị naanị akụkụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma na nke na-adịghị mma. Izai bụ onye mbụ webatara ịma jijiji ka ukwuu n'ime omume, na-achọ iku ume ndụ na usoro violin.

Ọ ga-amasị m imecha ndepụta nke ihe oyiyi nke Izaya onye violin na okwu nke ezigbo enyi ya bụ Pablo Casals: "Lee nnukwu onye na-ese ihe bụ Izaya! Mgbe ọ pụtara n'elu ikpo okwu, ọ dị ka ụdị eze na-apụta. Ọ mara mma ma dị mpako, nke nwere nnukwu ihe oyiyi na ọdịdị nwa ọdụm, na-egbuke egbuke n'anya ya, mmegharị ahụ na-egbuke egbuke na ọdịdị ihu - ya onwe ya aghọworị ihe ngosi. Ejighị m echiche nke ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ibe m bụ ndị ji nnwere onwe gabigara ókè n'egwuregwu ahụ na echiche efu gabigara ya ụta ụta. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche usoro na mmasị nke oge a na-emepụta Izaya. Ma ihe kacha mkpa bụ na ọ na-adọta ndị na-ege ntị ozugbo na ike nke ọgụgụ isi ya.

Izai nwụrụ na May 12, 1931. Ọnwụ ya webatara Belgium n'ime iru újú mba. Vincent d'Andy na Jacques Thibault si France bịa olili ozu ahụ. Igbe ozu na ozu onye na-ese ihe na otu puku mmadụ so. E wuru ihe ncheta n’ili ya, nke e ji ihe enyemaka Constantine Meunier chọọ ya mma. E bugara obi Izaya n'ime igbe bara uru na Liege wee lie ya n'ala nna nke nnukwu onye na-ese ihe.

L. Raaben