Mgbagwoju anya counterpoint |
Mgbagwoju anya counterpoint – a polyphonic Nchikota nke melodically mepụtara olu (iche ma ọ bụ yiri na-eṅomi), nke e mere maka contrapuntal gbanwetụrụ ugboro ugboro, mmeputakwa na mgbanwe nke ruru nke ndị a olu (ma megide mfe counterpoint – German einfacher Kontrapunkt – polyphonic nchikota nke olu eji. naanị n'ime otu e nyere n'ime njikọ ha).
Mba ọzọ, okwu ahụ bụ "S. na." adịghị etinye aka; n'ime ya. akwụkwọ egwu egwu na-eji echiche mehrfacher Kontrapunkt nwere njikọ, na-egosipụta naanị ụzọ okpukpu atọ na anọ kwụ ọtọ. Na S. ka., njikọ mbụ (nyere, nke mbụ) nke ụda olu dị iche. olu na otu ma ọ bụ karịa ogige mmepụta - polyphonic. nhọrọ mbụ. Dabere na ọdịdị nke mgbanwe, e nwere, dị ka ozizi nke SI Taneyev, atọ isi ụdị counterpoint: mobile counterpoint (kewara n'ime vertical mobile, horizontally mobile na ugboro abụọ mobile), reversible counterpoint (kewara n'ime zuru ezu na-ezughị ezu reversible). na counterpoint, nke na-enye ohere okpukpu abụọ (otu n'ime ụdị counterpoint mobile). Ụdị ndị a niile S. ka. na-ejikọtakarị; dịka ọmụmaatụ, na fugue Credo (Ọ dịghị 12) site na JS Bach's mass na h-moll, okwu mmeghe abụọ nke azịza (n'usoro 4 na 6) na-emepụta njikọ mbụ - stretta nwere oghere ntinye nke 2 jikoro (emepụtaghachi na ya. jikoro 12-17), na n'ime ogwe 17-21, a na-emepụta njikọ na-ada na ugboro abụọ mbughari counterpoint (ebe dị anya nke okwu mmeghe bụ 11/2 jikoro na vetikal mgbanwe nke ala olu nke mbụ njikọ elu site a duodecime, na olu elu gbadaa site na nke atọ), n'usoro 24-29, a na-emepụta njikọ sitere na njikọ ahụ n'usoro 17-21 na ebe a na-ebugharị kwụ ọtọ (Iv = - 7 - okpukpu abụọ nke octave; megharịa ya n'ogo dị iche na ụlọ mmanya 29 -33), site na mmanya 33 na-esote stretta na olu 4 nwere mmụba na isiokwu dị na bass: n'elu. Otu ụzọ olu na-anọchi anya ngwakọta ewepụtara na stretta mbụ n'ime ebe a na-ebugharị ugboro abụọ (Oghere mmalite 1/4 mmanya; akpọre n'ụdị ọkwa dị iche na ogwe 38-41) yana okpukpu abụọ n'elu. olu site na nke isii site na ala (n'ihe atụ, ụda polyphonic na-adịghị etinye n'ime njikọ ndị a dị n'elu, yana olu 8 na-esote, na-ahapụ). Cheta ihe atụ hụ col. 94.
Na fp. quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva, a na-arụ ọrụ nke mbụ site na njikọ nke isiokwu nke isi ihe na nsụgharị ntụgharị ya na mmalite nke nkwụghachi nke akụkụ 1st (2nd ihe mgbe ọnụọgụ 72 gasịrị);
Ngwakọta mgbochi na Credo (Mba 12) sitere na Mass in h-moll nke JS Bach dere.
a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta n'ụdị canon (nọmba 78) n'ihi ngbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma n'otu oge ahụ na-ejide olu elu na mmụba; na mmalite nke coda (ihe atụ nke atọ mgbe ọnụọgụ 3 gasịrị) ihe mgbapụ na ọnụọgụ abụọ nke mbughari (ebe dị anya nke ntinye bụ nha 100, ụda ala na-emegharị site na decima, nke elu site na quintdecima ala); Mgbanwe mgbochi na-agwụ na coda ikpeazụ, ebe na-emegharị ụda canonical. usoro (ọnụọgụ 1), na-anọchi anya njikọ mpụta n'akụkụ ihu abụọ enwere ike ibughari (ntụgharị mmalite 219, olu abụọ na mmegharị ahụ kpọmkwem); n'ihu (Ogwe nke anọ mgbe ọnụọgụgụ 2 gasịrị) njikọ agbakwunyere bụ canon nwere mmegharị kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ na n'otu oge yana mmụba okpukpu anọ na bass (a na-ahapụ ụda olu na nke abụọ na ihe atụ):
Ngwakọta mgbochi na piano quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva.
mechie. Canon na-agbanwe site na b-moll fugue site na olu nke abụọ nke JS Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier bụ ihe atụ nke nkwụghachi azụ na-ezughị ezu nke nwere okpukpu abụọ. Nọmba nke ise sitere na “onyinye egwu” nke Bach bụ akwụkwọ ikike na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke na-eso olu a, ebe njikọ mbụ na-emepe n'elu. olu na nke dị mfe (P), ihe mgbagha na nkwụghachi azụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nke enwere ike ibughari - n'otu olu na risposta (R Compound counterpoint):
S. na - mpaghara nke doro anya jikọtara ya na akụkụ ezi uche nke imepụta ihe. usoro nke onye na-ede egwú, nke na-ekpebi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ihe oyiyi kwekọrọ na muses. okwu. S. na - ndabere nke ịkpụzi na polyphony, otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị mkpa nke polyphonic. mmepe na mgbanwe. Achọpụtara ohere ya ma mepụta ndị nna ukwu nke ụdị siri ike; na-esote oge mmepe nke egwu. ikpe na n'oge a. A na-eji egwu S. eme ihe na polyphonic. na ụdị homophonic.
Ihe atụ egwu sitere na ụdị mmalite nke Taneyev's Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing.
nnwere onwe harmonic nke egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enye ndị na-ede egwú ohere itinye ihe mgbagwoju anya na teknụzụ. gbasara ụdị S. ka. na nchikota ha. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na No. 23 si na Shchedrin's Polyphonic Notebook, nchikota mmalite nke ma isiokwu abụọ nke fugue abụọ (ogwe 1-5) na-enye setịpụ (lee Ogwe 9, 14, 19 na 22, 30, 35., 40). .
Ụdị atọ a egosipụtara S. ka. SI Taneyev weere isi, ma ọ bụghị naanị ndị nwere ike. Mpempe akwụkwọ a na-ebipụta site na nsụgharị nke mmeghe nke akwụkwọ "Mobile counterpoint of strict writing" na-egosi na Taneyev gụnyere na mpaghara uXNUMXbuXNUMXbS. k. nakwa ụdị ya, ebe a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe n'ihi iji mmegharị rakish.
N'akwụkwọ ya, SI Taneev echeghị na ọ ga-agbanwe agbanwe (ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ nke nchọpụta sayensị ya) ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi (dị ka, o doro anya na ọ nweghị ihe bara uru n'oge ahụ). Ozizi nke polyphony, na-eburu n'uche atụmatụ nke oge a. omume onye dere, gbasaa echiche nke S. ka. na-ewere dị ka onwe ya ụdị a rakohodny counterpoint, na-ekwe ka mmụba ma ọ bụ ibelata na a ewepụtara ogige ka. site na ụda olu ụtọ nke mbụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na njedebe nke rondo nke Karaev's 3rd symphony, e dere nkwụsị mbụ n'ụdị ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ. ihe mepụtara ebe a na-agbakwunye ụda olu mbata (nke yiri isiokwu ahụ) yana mgbakwunye mgbochi sitere na ụda usoro dodecaphone; Njide nke abụọ nke nkwụchi (nọmba 3) bụ ngwakọta ewepụtara na ebe nkwụghachi azụ; na nkeji nke abụọ, nke e dere n'ụdị fugue, reprise stretta (2 jikoro ruo na ọnụ ọgụgụ 4) mejupụtara na-eme isiokwu na n'ihu na n'akụkụ mmegharị; na mmalite nke reprise nke 2st akụkụ nke symphony (nọmba 16), 10rd mgbaru ọsọ na-ada. Canon na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ebe elu dị. olu bụ usoro isiokwu n'ụzọ ziri ezi, olu etiti dị na mmegharị èbè, na nke dị ala na-atụgharị na-atụgharị azụ.
Counterpoint, na-enye ohere mmụba ma ọ bụ ibelata na otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ. olu, theoretically mụrụ ntakịrị.
Ha Rimsky-Korsakov. “Akụkọ nke obodo Kitezh a na-adịghị ahụ anya…”, omume 3, ọnọdụ 2.
Ọtụtụ ihe atụ sitere na egwu oge gboo na nke oge a na-egosi na nchikota na mmụba ma ọ bụ ibelata na-ebilite na-enweghị mgbako mbido, n'amaghị ama (lee ihe atụ dị n'elu sitere na Bach's Credo; "Mwepụ" - akụkụ nke abụọ nke L. Grabowski's "Little Chamber Music No. 2" - bụ nke na-eduzi isiokwu dodecaphonic, nke a na-agbakwunye ụdị ya na mbelata 1-2). Otú ọ dị, n'ọrụ ụfọdụ, inweta ngwakọta nke ụdị a, doro anya, bụ akụkụ nke ebumnobi mbụ nke onye dere ya, nke na-egosi na ha bụ isi na mpaghara nke s. Bach; na akụkụ 15st nke Glazunov's 1th symphony, mwepu (nọmba 1) dabeere na mbụ ogige (nọmba 8) na ezughị ezu reverpoint counterpoint na-abawanye na otu n'ime olu; ngwakọta mgbagwoju anya na isiokwu na-abawanye na-etolite ogige mmepụta ihe na FP. Taneyev's g-moll quintet (nọmba 30 na 31; lee ihe atụ na Kọl. 78).
V. Tormis. “Gịnị mere ha ji na-eche Jaan” ( Ee e 4 si n’usoro ukwe “Abụ nke ụbọchị Jan”).
Ozizi nke oge a nke polyphony na-eme mgbanwe na nkọwa nke counterpoint, nke na-enye ohere okpukpu abụọ, ebe ọ bụ na kwekọrọ. ụkpụrụ egwu nke narị afọ nke 20. ma kpachie ojiji nke mbịgharịgharị na.-l. def. etiti oge ma ọ bụ ụdọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, na 2nd scene nke 3rd omume nke opera "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" nke Rimsky-Korsakov (nọmba 210), na-eṅomi nke Tatar 'leitmotif na-egosipụta site yiri uche. Ụdọ nke asaa (lee ihe atụ a); na song "Ihe mere ha ji na-eche Yaan" (Ọ dịghị 4 si chorus cycle "Songs of Yaan's Day" site V. Tormis), olu na-akpali n'otu n'otu n'ụzọ ise ("kwụ ọtọ n'ụzọ kwekọrọ ekwekọ", dị ka SS Grigoriev kọwara; lee. ọmụmaatụ b), na Mba 7 nke otu okirikiri okpukpu abụọ nwere ọdịdị ụyọkọ (lee ihe atụ c);
V. Tormis. “Abụ nke ụbọchị Jan” (Mba 7 sitere na okirikiri ukwe “Abụ nke ụbọchị Jan”).
na “Abalị” sitere na “Scythian Suite” nke Prokofiev, olu ndị dị n'ụdị owuwu canon na-enweghị ngwụcha ka ejiri kọrọd nke ụlọ dị iche iche sụgharịa (lee ihe atụ d, Kọl. 99).
SS Prokofiev. “Scythian Suite”, akụkụ nke atọ (“abalị”).
Tebụl nke ụdị usoro s. ka.
References: Taneev SI, ebe a na-emegharị emegharị nke ederede siri ike, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Taneev SI, Site na ihe nketa sayensị na nkuzi, M., 1967; Bogatyrev SS, Ntụgharị atụgharị, M., 1960; Korchinsky E., Maka ajụjụ nke tiori nke iṅomi canonical, L., 1960; Grigoriev SS, Na egwu nke Rimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; Yuzhak K., Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke nhazi nke fugue site na JS Bach, M., 1965; Pustylnik I. Ya., Mkpegharị mbugharị na ederede efu, L., 1967. Leekwa ọkụ. n'okpuru isiokwu Movable counterpoint, Reversible counterpoint, Rakokhodny ije.
VP Frayonov
