Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Ọdịmma kachasị elu… abụghị ihe ọzọ karịa ịmara nke eziokwu sitere na ihe mbụ ya. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ede egwú Soviet a ma ama nke ọgbọ agha mgbe agha gasịrị. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke ndị ballet a ma ama "Yaroslavna", "Iri na Abụọ"; Ogbo na-arụ ọrụ dabere na okwu nke K. Chukovsky: "The Fly-Sokotukha", "The Stolen Sun", "Cockroach". Onye na-ede egwú dere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọrụ egwu egwu - 5 na-abụghị mmemme symphonies (gụnyere na ọdụ site M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", egwu egwu "Chronicle nke Siege"; ihe nkiri maka piano, cello, violin, harp; 5 eriri quartets; 8 piano sonatas (gụnyere nke asaa - nwere mgbịrịgba); 2 violin sonatas, wdg. Egwu olu Tishchenko gụnyere egwu ise na St. O. Driz; Ihe achọrọ maka soprano, tenor na ndị egwu na St. A. Akhmatova; “Ọgbụgba ndụ” maka soprano, ụbọ akwara na akụkụ na St. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Ogige egwu" na St. A. Kushner. Ọ haziri "Poems anọ nke Captain Lebyadkin" nke D. Shostakovich dere. Onye na-ede egwú Peru gụnyekwara egwu maka ihe nkiri "Suzdal", "Ọnwụ nke Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", maka egwuregwu "Obi nke nkịta".

Tishchenko gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), ndị nkụzi ya na mejupụtara bụ V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, na ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ - D. Shostakovich, na piano - A. Logovinsky. Ugbu a, ya onwe ya bụ prọfesọ na Leningrad Conservatory.

Tishchenko tolitere dị ka onye na-ede egwú n'oge - mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, o dere Violin Concerto, na 20 - Quartet nke Abụọ, bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mma ya. N'ọrụ ya, ahịrị ndị mmadụ na usoro mmetụta mmetụta nke oge a pụtara nke ọma. N'ụzọ ọhụrụ, na-amụba ihe oyiyi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia oge ochie na akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Russia, onye na-ede egwú na-enwe mmasị na agba nke archaic, na-achọ ịkọwapụta echiche ụwa na-ewu ewu nke mepụtara kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Symphony nke atọ - 1966, akụkụ nke Nke abụọ (1959), Quartets nke atọ (1970), Piano Sonata nke atọ - 1965). Abụ nke Russia maka Tishchenko bụ ma ihe ime mmụọ na ọmarịcha mma. Nghọta nke omimi dị omimi nke omenala mba mere ka onye na-ede egwú na Symphony nke atọ mepụta ụdị egwu egwu ọhụrụ - dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, "ihe egwu egwu"; ebe a na-akpa akwa orchestral site na ụdị ngwá ọrụ. Egwú egwu na-adọrọ adọrọ nke njedebe nke egwu egwu na-ejikọta ya na ihe oyiyi nke abụ N. Rubtsov - "ala nna m dị jụụ". Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na echiche ụwa oge ochie dọtara Tishchenko nakwa n'ihe gbasara omenala ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, karịsịa n'ihi ọmụmụ ihe egwu Japan nke oge ochie "gagaku". N'ịghọta ihe dị iche iche nke ndị Russia na oge ochie nke ụwa Eastern Eastern, onye na-ede egwú mepụtara n'ụdị ya ụdị mmepe egwu pụrụ iche - meditative statics, nke mgbanwe na àgwà nke egwu na-eme nwayọọ nwayọọ na nwayọọ nwayọọ (ogologo cello solo na mbụ Cello). Concerto - 1963).

Na embodiment nke ahụkarị nke XX narị afọ. oyiyi nke mgba, imeri, grotesque dị egwu, esemokwu ime mmụọ kachasị elu, Tishchenko na-eme dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ihe nkiri symphonic nke onye nkụzi ya Shostakovich. Nke kacha pụta ìhè na nke a bụ Symphonies nke anọ na nke ise (1974 na 1976).

Symphony nke anọ nwere oke oke - edere ya maka ndị egwu 145 na onye na-agụ ya nwere igwe igwe ma nwee ogologo ihe karịrị otu awa na ọkara (ya bụ, egwu egwu egwu niile). A na-arara Symphony nke ise nye Shostakovich ma na-aga n'ihu na onyonyo nke egwu ya ozugbo - nkwupụta okwu na-adịghị mma, nrụgide ahụ ọkụ, njedebe dị egwu, yana nke a - ogologo monologues. Ọ na-ejupụta na motif-monogram nke Shostakovich (D- (e) S-С-Н), na-agụnye nhota si ọrụ ya (site na asatọ na iri Symphonies, Sonata maka Viola, wdg), yana site na Ọrụ Tishchenko (site na Symphony nke atọ, Piano Sonata nke ise, Piano Concerto). Nke a bụ ụdị mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti onye na-eto eto na onye toro eto, "ọsọ agbụrụ nke ọgbọ".

Mmetụta sitere na egwu Shostakovich gosikwara na sonata abụọ maka violin na piano (1957 na 1975). Na Sonata nke abụọ, isi ihe oyiyi na-amalite ma kwụsị ọrụ bụ okwu ọnụ na-emetụ n'ahụ. Nke a sonata bụ ihe pụrụ iche na mejupụtara - ọ nwere akụkụ 7, nke ndị na-adịghị mma mebere "usoro" ezi uche dị na ya (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), na ọbụna ndị ahụ na-egosipụta "nkeji" (Intermezzo I, II). , III na presto tempo). Edere ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") dabere na ihe ncheta akwụkwọ edemede pụtara ìhè nke Russia oge ochie - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (free site O. Vinogradov).

A na-emeju ndị egwu egwu na ballet site na akụkụ choral nke na-eme ka ekpomeekpo innation nke Russia dịkwuo mma. N'adịghị ka nkọwa nke nkata ahụ na A. Borodin's opera "Prince Igor", onye na-ede egwú nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. a na-ekwusi ike na ọdachi nke mmeri nke ndị agha Igor. Asụsụ egwu mbụ nke ballet na-agụnye abụ ọjọọ na-ada site na ukwe nwoke, egwu egwu na-akpasu iwe nke mkpọsa agha, iru újú "mkpu" sitere na ndị egwú egwú ("Stepe nke Ọnwụ"), ụda ifufe na-atụ egwu, na-echetara ụda nke ọmịiko.

Ihe nkiri mbụ maka Cello na Orchestra nwere echiche pụrụ iche. "Ihe dị ka akwụkwọ ozi e degaara enyi," onye edemede ahụ kwuru banyere ya. A na-enweta ụdị mmepe egwu ọhụrụ na ihe mejupụtara ya, dị ka uto organic nke osisi sitere na ọka. Egwuregwu ahụ na-amalite site na otu ụda cello, nke na-agbasawanye n'ihu na "spurs, ome." Dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ naanị ya, a na-amụ abụ abụ, na-aghọ okwu otu onye edemede, "nkwupụta nke mkpụrụ obi." Na mgbe mmalite akụkọ ahụ gasịrị, onye odee wepụta ihe nkiri dị egwu, nke nwere njedebe dị nkọ, na-esote nbanye n'ime ebe ntụgharị uche. Shostakovich kwuru, sị: “Amaara m egwu egwu cello izizi Tishchenko sitere n'obi. Dị ka ọrụ niile na-edepụta nke iri afọ ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, egwu Tishchenko na-amalite na ụda olu, nke na-alaghachi na mmalite nke nkà egwu.

V. Kholopova