Bass guitar akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na ọbịbịa nke jazz-rock, ndị na-egwu jazz malitere iji ngwá electronic na mmetụta dị iche iche, na-enyocha "palettes ụda" ọhụrụ ọ bụghị àgwà jazz omenala. Ngwa na mmetụta ọhụrụ mekwara ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta usoro egwu egwu ọhụrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-ese jazz na-abụ ndị a ma ama maka ụda na àgwà ha, usoro a bụ ihe okike maka ha. Otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta jazz dere, sị: “Onye na-agụ egwú jazz nwere olu nke ya. Ụkpụrụ maka ịlele ụda ya na-adabere mgbe niile ọ bụghị n'echiche ọdịnala banyere ụda ngwá ọrụ, kama na mmetụta mmetụta [ụda]. Na, otu n'ime ngwa ndị gosipụtara onwe ya na jazz na jazz-rock band nke 70-80s bụ bass guitar ,  akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nke ị ga-amụta n'isiokwu a.

Ndị egwuregwu dịka Stanley Clarke na Jaco Pastorius  ewerela egwu bass guitar n'ọkwa ọhụrụ n'ime obere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngwa ahụ, na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ maka ọgbọ ndị egwuregwu bass. Na mgbakwunye, na mbụ jụrụ site na "omenala" jazz bands (ya na bass abụọ), bass guitar ewerela ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị na jazz n'ihi ịdị mfe nke njem na mmụba mgbaàmà.

Ihe achọrọ maka imepụta ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ

Ụda ụda nke ngwá ọrụ bụ nsogbu ebighi ebi maka ndị bassists abụọ. Na-enweghị nkwalite, ọ na-esiri ike iji onye na-akụ ọkpọ, piano, guitar na brass mpi n'ogo olu. Ọzọkwa, bassist anaghị anụkarị onwe ya n'ihi na onye ọ bụla na-egwu egwu nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ ọchịchọ iji dozie nsogbu ụda ụda bass abụọ kpaliri Leo Fender na ndị na-emepụta guitar ndị ọzọ n'ihu ya ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ nke zutere ihe ndị jazz bassist chọrọ. Echiche Leo bụ imepụta ụdị ọkụ eletrik nke bass abụọ ma ọ bụ ụdị bass nke guitar eletrik.

Ngwa ahụ ga-egbo mkpa ndị na-egwu egwu na-egwu obere egwu egwu na US. Maka ha, ọ dị mkpa ịdị mma nke ibugharị ngwá ọrụ ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere bass abụọ, nke ọma n'inyocha mba [otu ndetu si ewuli], yana ikike iji nweta nguzozi dị mkpa nke olu na guitar eletrik na-enweta ewu ewu.

Mmadụ nwere ike iche na guitar bass na-ewu ewu n'etiti ìgwè egwu egwu a ma ama, ma n'eziokwu, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ìgwè jazz nke 50s. E nwekwara akụkọ ifo Leo Fender chepụtara guitar bass. N'ezie, o kere imewe nke ghọrọ ihe na-aga nke ọma na ire ere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị asọmpi.

Mgbalị mbụ nke ndị na-emepụta GUITAR

Ogologo oge tupu Leo Fender, kemgbe narị afọ nke 15, a na-eme mgbalị ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ ndekọ bass nke ga-emepụta njedebe dị ala dị ọcha, nke nwere ezi uche. Nnwale ndị a abụghị naanị n'ịchọta nha na ọdịdị dị mma, kamakwa ruo na itinye mpi, dị ka ọ dị na gramophone ochie, na mpaghara akwa mmiri iji welie ụda ma gbasaa ya.

Otu n'ime mbọ a gbara imepụta ngwa dị otú ahụ bụ Gita bass regal (Regal Bassoguitar) , ewepụtara na mmalite 30s. Ihe ngosi ya bụ ụbọ akwara, mana a na-akpọ ya kwụ ọtọ. The size nke ngwá ọrụ ruru 1.5 m n'ogologo, ewezuga nkeji iri na ise spire. The fretboard dị larịị dị ka na guitar, na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ 42" dị ka na a abụọ bass. Nakwa na ngwá ọrụ a, a gbalịrị iji dozie nsogbu innation nke bass abụọ - e nwere frets na mkpịsị aka, ma a na-egbutu ha na elu olu. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe nlere mbụ nke guitar bass na-enweghị fretboard nwere akara fretboard (Ex.1).

Mgbe e mesịrị na njedebe 1930s. Gibson ewebata ha Egwuregwu Electric Bass Guitar , nnukwu ụbọ akwara nke nwere mkpọpụta kwụ ọtọ na igwe eletriki eletrik. N'ụzọ dị mwute, nanị amplifiers n'oge ahụ ka e mere maka guitar, na mgbagha ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ na-agbagọ n'ihi na amplifier enweghị ike ijikwa obere ugboro. Gibson mepụtara ngwa ndị dị otú ahụ naanị afọ abụọ site na 1938 ruo 1940 (Ọpụ. 2).

Ọtụtụ bass abụọ eletrik pụtara na 30s, na otu n'ime ndị nnọchianya nke ezinụlọ a bụ Rickenbacker Electro Bass-Viol nke George Beauchamp kere (George Beauchamp) . E nwere mkpara ígwè nke rapaara n’ime ihe mkpuchi amp, ihe e ji akpụ akpụ akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na eriri e ji fụchie ya n’ebe dị nnọọ elu n’elu ebe a na-adọkpụ. Ebubeghi bass eletrik abụọ a iji merie ahịa wee bụrụ onye ewu ewu n'ezie. Agbanyeghị, Electro Bass-Viol a na-ewere dị ka bass eletriki mbụ e dekọrọ na ndekọ. Eji ya mgbe a na-edekọ ihe Mark Allen & Orchestra ya na 30s.

Ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe niile, nke atụmatụ bass guitar nke afọ 1930 dabere na ma ọ bụ imepụta guitar egwu ma ọ bụ nhazi bass okpukpu abụọ, ma ekwesịrị iji ya mee ihe n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ. Nsogbu nke nkwalite mgbaama adịkwaghị nnukwu njọ n'ihi ojiji a na-eji pịkọp eme ihe, a na-edozikwa nsogbu nrịanrịa site n'enyemaka nke frets ma ọ bụ opekata mpe akara na bọọdụ mkpịsị aka. Mana nsogbu nke nha na ibugharị ngwaọrụ ndị a ka edozibeghị.

BASS GUITAR AUDIOVOX 736

N'ime otu afọ 1930. Paul H. Tutmarc ewebata ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa na nhazi bass guitar ụfọdụ afọ 15 tupu oge ya. N'afọ 1936, Tutmark Audiovox nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ wepụtara guitar bass mbụ nke ụwa dị ka anyị maara ugbu a, na Ihe ngosi Audiovox 736 . Ejiri otu osisi rụọ guitar ahụ, nwere eriri anọ, olu nwere frets na ihe ndọta. Na mkpokọta, e mepụtara ihe dị ka 4 n'ime guitar ndị a, ma taa ọ bụ naanị ndị lanarịrị atọ ka amara, ọnụahịa nke nwere ike iru ihe karịrị $ 100. Na 20,000, nwa Paul Bud Tutmark gbalịrị wulite na echiche nna ya na nke Serenader Eletriki eriri eriri Bass , ma ọ dara.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti Tutmark na Fender bass guitars, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya na-eche ma Leo Fender hụrụ guitar ezinụlọ Tutmark na mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ akụkọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ? Ọrụ Leo Fender na ndụ ọkà mmụta Richard R. Smith, onye edemede nke Fender: Anụ Anụ 'Gburugburu Ụwa, kwenyere na Fender emeghị echiche Tutmark. Edepụtara ụdị bass Leo site na Telecaster wee nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu karịa bass Tutmark.

Mmalite nke FENDER BASS Mgbasawanye

N'afọ 1951, Leo Fender nyere ikike imepụta guitar bass ọhụrụ nke gosipụtara oge ntụgharị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bass guitar na egwu n'ozuzu. Mmepụta ọtụtụ nke Leo Fender basses doziri nsogbu niile ndị bassists nke oge ahụ ga-eche ihu: ikwe ka ha na-ada ụda, belata ọnụ ahịa ibufe ngwá ọrụ, na ikwe ka ha gwuo egwu nke ọma. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, Fender bass guitars malitere inweta ewu ewu na jazz, ọ bụ ezie na na mbụ ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu bass na-ala azụ ịnakwere ya, n'agbanyeghị uru ya niile.

Anyị onwe anyị na-atụghị anya ya, anyị chọpụtara na e nwere ihe na-ezighị ezi na òtù ahụ. O nweghị bassist, n'agbanyeghị na anyị nwere ike ịnụ bass nke ọma. Nke abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, anyị hụrụ ihe na-amabughị: e nwere abụọ guitarists, ọ bụ ezie na anyị nụrụ nanị otu guitar. Obere oge ka e mesịrị, ihe niile bịara doo anya. Onye na-egwu egwu nọ ọdụ n'akụkụ onye na-akụ guitar bụ onye na-akụ ihe dị ka ụbọ eletrik, ma na nyocha nke ọma, olu ụbọ ya dị ogologo, na-enwe nkụja, na ahụ ya na-adịghị mma nke nwere isi njikwa na eriri na-agba ọsọ na-aga. ihe amp.

MAGAZINE DOWNBEAT JULY 1952

Leo Fender zigara bass ọhụrụ ya abụọ n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka ndị egwu egwu na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ. Otu n'ime ha gara na lionel hampton Orchestra na 1952. Hampton nwere mmasị na ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ nke na ọ siri ọnwụ na bassist ahụ. Mọnk Montgomery , nwanne onye egwu egwu Wes Montgomery , kpọọ ya. Bassist Steve Swallow , na-ekwu maka Montgomery dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ a ma ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bass: "Ruo ọtụtụ afọ ọ bụ naanị ya meghere n'ezie ike ngwá ọrụ ahụ nwere na rock and roll and blues." Onye ọzọ bassist malitere ịkpọ bass bụ Shift Henry si New York, onye na-egwuri egwu na jazz na jump bands ( jump blues).

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-egwu jazz kpachara anya maka mmepụta ọhụrụ ahụ. Bass nkenke bịarutere nso ụdị egwu ọhụrụ - rock na mpịakọta. Ọ bụ n'ụdị a ka a malitere iji guitar bass eme ihe n'enweghị obi ebere n'ihi ike ya dị ike - site na nkwalite ziri ezi, ọ naghị esiri ike ijide olu nke guitar eletrik. The bass guitar ruo mgbe ebighị ebi gbanwere itule nke ike na ensemble: na rhythm ngalaba, n'etiti bras band na ndị ọzọ ngwá.

Chicago bluesman Dave Myers, ka o jisịrị guitar bass na ìgwè ya, setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ de facto maka iji guitar bass na ìgwè ndị ọzọ. Omume a wetara obere ahịrị ọhụrụ ọhụrụ na ọnọdụ blues na ọpụpụ nke nnukwu ìgwè, n'ihi enweghị mmasị nke ndị nwe ụlọ ịgba chaa chaa na-akwụ ụgwọ buru ibu mgbe obere akara nwere ike ime otu ihe ahụ maka obere ego.

Mgbe iwebata guitar bass dị otú ahụ ngwa ngwa n'ime egwu, ọ ka kpatara ọgba aghara n'etiti ụfọdụ bassists abụọ. N'agbanyeghị uru niile pụtara ìhè nke ngwa ọhụrụ a, bass guitar enweghị okwu dị na bass abụọ. N'agbanyeghị "nsogbu" nke ụda nke ngwá ọrụ na omenala jazz ensembles, ya bụ na naanị acoustic ngwá, ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu bass dị ka Ron Carter, ọmụmaatụ, na-eji bass guitar mgbe ọ dị mkpa. N'ezie, ọtụtụ "ndị na-egwu jazz omenala" dị ka Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Jack DeJohnette emegideghị iji ya. Nke nta nke nta, guitar bass malitere ịkwaga na ntụziaka nke ya na ndị na-egwu egwu na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpughee ya ma buru ya na ọkwa ọhụrụ.

Site na mmalite…

Onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-agụ egwú Seattle Paul Tutmark mere nke mbụ bass bass eletrik na 1930, ma ọ bụghị nke ọma ma chefuo ihe ahụ. Leo Fender haziri Bass nke ọma, bụ nke arụpụtara na 1951. Emere obere mgbanwe n'etiti afọ 50. Kemgbe ahụ, mgbanwe ole na ole ka emere na ihe ngwa ngwa ghọrọ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ. Bass Precision ka bụ guitar bass kacha eji eme ihe yana ọtụtụ nbipụta nke ngwa a bụ ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa mere.

Afọ ole na ole ka emepụtara nke mbụ bass guitar, o gosipụtara ụwa nke abụọ ya - Jazz Bass. O nwere olu dị gịrịgịrị, nke nwere ike igwu egwu na ihe abụọ, otu pickup dị n'ọdụ ọdụ na nke ọzọ n'olu. Nke a mere ka o kwe omume ịgbasa oke ụda. N'agbanyeghị aha ahụ, Jazz bass na-ejikarị na ụdị egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ niile. Dị ka nkenke, ọtụtụ ndị na-ewu guitar emegharịla ọdịdị na imewe nke Jazz Bass.

Ụtụtụ nke ụlọ ọrụ

N'ịbụ nke a na-agaghị emeli, Gibson webatara obere bass nke nwere ụdị violin nke mbụ nke enwere ike ịkpọ na kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ kwụ ọtọ. Ha wee mepụta usoro bass EB a ma ama nke ukwuu, ebe EB-3 bụ nke kacha aga nke ọma. Mgbe ahụ bass Thunderbird a ma ama, nke bụ bass mbụ ha nwere nha 34 ″.

Ahịrị bass ọzọ a ma ama bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Music Man, nke Leo Fender mepụtara mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ụlọ ọrụ na-aza aha ya. A maara nwoke egwu egwu Stingray maka ụda miri emi, ụda na-atọ ụtọ na nhazi oge ochie.

Enwere guitar bass jikọtara ya na otu onye egwu - Hofner Violin Bass, nke a na-akpọkarị Beatle Bass ugbu a. n'ihi mkpakọrịta ya na Paul McCartney. Onye na-agụ egwu ama ama na-agụ egwu na-eto bass a maka ịdị arọ ya na ike ime mgbanwe dị mfe na ndị aka ekpe. Ọ bụ ya mere o ji eji Hofner bass ọbụna afọ 50 ka e mesịrị. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ bass guitar dị iche iche dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu bụ ụdị akọwara n'isiokwu a na ha oyiri.

Site n'oge jazz ruo n'oge mbụ nke nkume na mpịakọta, a na-eji bass abụọ na ụmụnne ya mee ihe. Site na mmepe nke ma jazz na nkume, na ọchịchọ maka ibugharị ibu, ibugharị, ịdị mfe nke egwuregwu, na ụdị dị iche iche na ụda bass eletrik, bass eletrik ebiliwo na-ewu ewu. Ebe ọ bụ na 1957, mgbe Elvis Presley bassist Bill Black "na-aga eletrik" na ahịrị bass mara mma nke Paul McCartney, ihe ọhụrụ psychedelic bass nke Jack Bruce, ahịrị jazz na-agbadata nke Jaco Pastorius, ahịrị na-aga n'ihu nke Tony Levine na Chris Squire. na-ebunye, guitar bass abụrụla ike na-enweghị nkwụsị. na egwu.

BASS GUITAR na ndekọ ihe nkiri

N'afọ ndị 1960, ndị egwuregwu bass na-ebikwa nke ọma na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Na mbụ, a na-edobe bass abụọ ahụ na ndekọ ahụ na guitar bass, nke mepụtara mmetụta akara nke ndị na-emepụta chọrọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, bass atọ so na ndekọ ahụ: bass abụọ, Fender Precision na 6-string Danelectro. Ịghọta ewu ewu nke Dano bass , Leo Fender wepụtara nke ya Fender Bass VI na 1961.

Ruo ihe dị ka n'ọgwụgwụ nke 60s, a na-eji mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ nhọpụta egwuri egwu bass. Ruo mgbe Larry Graham malitere iji mkpịsị aka ya na-akụ ụdọ ahụ na itinye mkpịsị aka ya. Nke ọhụrụ "na-atụ na ịtụtu" Usoro ịgba egwu bụ naanị ụzọ iji mejupụta enweghị onye na-akụ ọkpọ n'ọgbọ. Na-akụ eriri ahụ na mkpịsị aka ya, o ṅomiri bass drum, na-eji mkpịsị aka ya mee nko, ọnyà ọnyà.

Mgbe obere oge gachara, Stanley Clarke jikọtara ụdị Larry Graham na ụdị pụrụ iche nke Scott LaFaro bassist okpukpu abụọ n'ụdị egwu ya, ịghọ mbụ nnukwu bass player na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Laghachi na ebighebi na 1971.

BASS GUITARS sitere na ụdị ndị ọzọ

N'isiokwu a, anyị lere anya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bass guitar site na mmalite ya, ụdị nnwale nke nwara ịdị na-ada ụda, dị ọkụ, na nke ziri ezi karịa okpukpu abụọ tupu mgbasawanye nke Fender basses. N'ezie, Fender abụghị naanị onye na-emepụta guitar bass. Ozugbo ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ malitere na-ewu ewu, ndị na-emepụta ngwá egwú jidere ebili mmiri ahụ wee malite inye ndị ahịa ihe mmepe ha.

Höfner weputara guitar bass ha dị mkpụmkpụ dị ka violin na 1955, na-akpọ ya naanị  Höfner 500/1 . Mgbe e mesịrị, ihe nlereanya a bịara mara nke ọma n'ihi na a họọrọ ya dị ka isi ngwá ọrụ site Paul McCartney, bass player nke Beatles. Gibson adaghị azụ n'azụ ndị asọmpi. Mana, ngwa ndị a niile, dị ka Fender Precision Bass, kwesịrị inwe edemede dị iche n'ime blọgụ a. Ma otu ụbọchị, ị ga-agụrịrị banyere ha na ibe saịtị!