Ashug |

ọkụ turk ịhụnanya leta - na ịhụnanya

Ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara na-ede uri na onye ọbụ abụ n'etiti Azerbaijanis, Armenia na ndị agbata obi nke USSR na mba ọzọ. Uwe nke A. bụ sịntetik. Ọ na-emepụta abụ ọma, abụ uri, epic. Legends (dastans), na-abụ abụ, na-eso onwe ya na saz (Azerbaijan), tar ma ọ bụ kemancha (Armenia). Na arụmọrụ nke A. e nwekwara akụkụ nke ihe nkiri. nkwupụta (ọdịdị ihu, mmegharị ahụ, wdg). Ụfọdụ A. bụ naanị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Ndị bu ụzọ A. na Azerbaijan bụ ozans (aha ndị ọzọ - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, wdg); na Armenia - gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Ozi izizi gbasara A. dị na ogwe aka. ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe na ndị ọzọ, na Azerbaijan. "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 narị afọ).

Isi akụkụ nke ọrụ A. bụ egwu. Egwu ashug nke prerevolution katọrọ akụkụ gbara ọchịchịrị nke esemokwu ahụ. ndu, bụru dike. ọgụ megide ọchịchị aka ike, kụnyere n'ime ndị mmadụ ịhụ n'anya nke motherland. Mgbe e guzobere Soviet ike nke egwu A. jupụtara na ọdịnaya ọhụrụ metụtara nnukwu mgbanwe na ọha mmadụ. ụzọ ndụ, na socialist. ihe owuwu.

Egwu Ashug na-abụkarị nke dị warara ma na-egosi ya na ndekọ dị elu. Melodich. mmegharị ahụ dị nro; obere jumps (kwa atọ, anọ) na-esote ha njuputa. Nkwugharị a na-ahụkarị, ọdịiche nke abụ na ihe owuwu niile, metro-rhythm. akụ na ụba. Mgbe ụfọdụ, abụ abụ na-edobere mbinye aka oge doro anya, dịka ọmụmaatụ:

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-adị iche na recitative-mprovisation. nnwere onwe. Amara ca. 80 kpochapụwo abụ ọma na-emejupụta na-adịgide adịgide repertoire nke A. Aha ha na-ekpebi site uri. ụdị ("gerayly", "sofas", "mukhammes", wdg), ebe a na-ahụkarị ha ("Goyche gulu"), dastans, nke gụnyere ("Keremi", "Ker-ogly") wdg. Ụda ndị a, ka ha na-ejigide isi ha. mkpara innation, na-eme ka ọ baa ọgaranya mgbe niile na ụda olu ụtọ. A na-akpọ egwu dị iche iche maka otu abụ. ederede uri. Egwu Ashug bu uzo abuo. Instr na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ha. interludes. Na egwu nke A. enwere ihe nke harmonica. polyphony - quart-ise, terts-quarte, na nkwenye ndị ọzọ (na saz).

Major Azerbaijan. Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie n'oge gara aga bụ Gurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (narị afọ nke 16), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (narị afọ nke 18), na Alesker (narị afọ nke 19). A. nke oge anyị - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Apper Jafarov, Adalet (virtuoso onye na-eme egwuregwu na saz); I. Yusifov haziri otu egwu nke ashugs sitere na ndị ọbụ abụ 25-30 na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri balaman.

Ogwe aka kacha pụta ìhè. A. nke gara aga - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, oge a A. - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot na ndị ọzọ.

Ihe njiri mara egwu nke egwu A. chọtara mmejuputa ya n'ọtụtụ Op. Prof. ndị na-agụ egwú, dịka ọmụmaatụ. na operas "Almast" nke Spendiarov, "Shakhsenem" nke Gliere, "Kor-oglu" nke Gadzhibekov, "Veten" nke Karaev na Gadzhiev, na ụlọ "Azerbaijan" nke Amirov, na nke atọ Symphony nke Karaev.

References: Abụ nke Armenia site n’oge ochie ruo ugbu a, ed. na banye. edemede na ndetu. V. Ya. Bryusova. Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., ndị na-abụ abụ ndị Armenia-ashugs, "SM", 1937, Mba 7; Krivonosov V., Ashugs nke Azerbaijan, "SM", 1938, Mba 4; Anthology nke uri Azerbaijan, M., 1939; Anthology nke uri Armenia, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Ajụjụ ụfọdụ nke nka nka ashug, na mkpokọta: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. I, Baku, 1949; ya, Ụfọdụ ajụjụ nke imepụta egwu egwu nke ashugs, na mkpokọta: egwu Azerbaijan, M., 1961; nke ya, The Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (edemede akụkọ ihe mere eme), na mkpokọta: The Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (na Azeri); nke ya, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu egwu na uri nke Azerbaijani ashugs, na mkpokọta: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Ajụjụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na tiori nke Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Essays na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke music nke ndị USSR, vol. 2, M., 1963.

E. Abasova