Alto flute: ihe ọ bụ, mejupụtara, ụda, ngwa

Ọjà bụ otu n'ime ngwa egwu kacha ochie. N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụdị ọhụrụ ya apụtala ma melite. Ọdịiche ọgbara ọhụrụ a ma ama bụ ọjà transverse. Ntugharị ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, otu n'ime ha na-akpọ alto.

Gịnị bụ ọjà alto

Ọjà alto bụ ngwa egwu ikuku. Akụkụ nke ezinụlọ ọjà ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-eji osisi mee ngwá ọrụ ahụ. A na-eji ọkpọkọ ogologo na obosara mara ihe ọjà alto. The valves nwere ihe pụrụ iche imewe. Mgbe ọ na-akpọ ọjà alto, onye na-egwu egwu na-eji iku ume karịa ka ọ na-agba ọjà.

Theobald Böhm, onye Germany na-ede egwú, ghọrọ onye mepụtara na onye na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ ahụ. Na 1860, mgbe ọ dị afọ 66, Boehm kere ya dịka usoro nke ya si dị. Na narị afọ nke 1910, a na-akpọ usoro ahụ Boehm Mechanics. Na XNUMX, onye na-ede akwụkwọ Ịtali gbanwere ngwá ọrụ iji nye ụda octave dị ala.

Ọdịdị nke ọjà nwere ụdị 2 - "curved" na "ziri ezi". A na-ahọrọ ụdị agbagọ site na obere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Ụdị na-abụghị nke ọkọlọtọ na-achọ obere mgbatị nke ogwe aka, na-emepụta mmetụta nke ịdị ọkụ n'ihi ngbanwe nke etiti nke ike ndọda nso na onye na-eme ihe. A na-eji usoro ahụ kpọmkwem eme ihe ugboro ugboro n'ihi na ọ nwere ụda na-egbuke egbuke.

ụda

Na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa na-ada ụda na ntugharị G na F - otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ dị ala karịa ndetu edere. Ọ ga-ekwe omume iwepụta ndetu dị elu, mana ndị na-ede egwú anaghị adịkarị na nke a. Ụda kacha ụtọ dị na ndekọ ala. Ndebanye aha nke elu na-ada nkọ, na-enwe obere mgbanwe timbre.

N'ihi ọnụ ala dị ala, ndị na-egwu Britain na-akpọ ngwá ọrụ a ọjà bass. Aha Britain na-agbagwoju anya - e nwere ngwá ọrụ a ma ama n'ụwa nwere otu aha ahụ. Mgbagwoju anya na aha ahụ bilitere n'ihi myirịta ya na ọjà tenor nke Renaissance. Ha na-ada otu ihe ahụ na C. N'ihi ya, a ga-akpọ ụda ala ala bass.

ngwa

Mpaghara nke isi ngwa nke ọjà alto bụ ìgwè ndị egwú. Ruo na njedebe nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, a na-eji ya wepụ ụda dị ala dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara. Site na mmepe nke egwu pop, ọ malitere iji naanị ya. Enwere ike ịnụ akụkụ ahụ na Symphony nke asatọ nke Glazunov, Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, Boulez's Hammer Without Master.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị ama ama nke alto flute na egwu a ma ama bụ egwu "California Dreamin" nke Mamas & Papas dere. E wepụtara otu nwere egwu na 1965, wee bụrụ ihe egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọ bụ Bud Shank, onye America saxophonist na onye na-efe efe rụrụ akụkụ ahụ na-enye ntụsara ahụ.

Mgbe ị na-edekọ ụda egwu maka ihe nkiri, John Debney na-eji ọjà alto. Onye na-ede egwú na-emeri Oscar edeela egwu maka ihe karịrị ihe nkiri 150. Ekele Debney gụnyere The Passion of the Christ, Spider-Man 2, na Iron Man 2.

Emepụtara ihe na-erughị afọ 200 gara aga, ọjà alto na-ewu ewu ngwa ngwa ma ka na-ejikwa ya taa. Ihe akaebe bụ ọtụtụ ojiji na orchestras na mgbe ị na-edekọ pop hits.