Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |
Alexander Gauk
Onye Artist nke RSFSR (1954). Na 1917 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Petrograd Conservatory, ebe ọ gụrụ piano site na EP Daugovet, ihe ndị VP Kalafati, J. Vitol dere, na onye na-eduzi NN Cherepnin. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Petrograd Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Musical Drama. Na 1920-31 ọ bụ onye nduzi na Leningrad Opera na Ballet Theatre, bụ ebe ọ na-eduziri ballet (Glazunov's The Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, wdg). Ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-eduzi symphony. Na 1930-33 ọ bụ onye isi nduzi nke Leningrad Philharmonic, na 1936-41 - nke State Symphony Orchestra nke USSR, na 1933-36 onye nduzi, na 1953-62 onyeisi nduzi na nkà director nke Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra nke All. -Union Radio.
Ọrụ ndị dị mkpa nwere ebe pụrụ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ Gauk dị iche iche. N'okpuru nduzi ya, ọtụtụ ọrụ DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin na ndị ọzọ Soviet dere na mbụ rụrụ. Ọrụ nkuzi nke Gauk na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mmepe nke nkà onye nduzi Soviet. Na 1927-33 na 1946-48 ọ kụziiri na Leningrad Conservatory, na 1941-43 na Tbilisi Conservatory, na 1939-63 na Moscow Conservatory, na kemgbe 1948 ọ bụ onye prọfesọ. Ụmụ akwụkwọ Gauk gụnyere EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, na ndị ọzọ.
Onye edemede nke egwu egwu, symphonietta maka string orchestra, overture, concertos with orchestra (maka ụbọ akwara, piano), romances na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. O mere ihe nkiri opera The Marriage by Mussorgsky (1917), Oge na cycles 2 nke Tchaikovsky romances (1942), wdg. E bipụtara isiakwụkwọ ndị sitere na ncheta Gauk na mkpokọta “The Mastery of the Performing Artist”, M., 1.
"Nrọ nke ime ihe dị m n'aka kemgbe m dị afọ atọ," Gauck dere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. Ma malite n'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ gbalịsiri ike imezu nrọ a. Na St. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk mụrụ piano na F. Blumenfeld, wee mụọ ihe mejupụtara ya na V. Kalafati, I. Vitol na A. Glazunov, mara nkà nke iduzi n'okpuru nduzi nke N. Cherepnin.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory n'afọ nke Great October Revolution, Gauk malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eso ya na Musical Drama Theatre. Na nanị ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe mmeri nke Soviet ike, o bu ụzọ guzo na podium na-eme ya mpụta mbụ na opera ngosi. Na November 1 (dị ka ụdị ochie) "Cherevichki" nke Tchaikovsky mere.
Gauk ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-agụ egwú mbụ kpebiri inye talent ya maka ọrụ ndị mmadụ. N'ime afọ ndị siri ike nke agha obodo, ọ rụrụ n'ihu ndị agha nke Red Army dị ka akụkụ nke nka brigade, na n'etiti afọ iri abụọ, ya na Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, ọ gara Svirstroy, Pavlovsk na Sestroretsk. Ya mere, a na-emeghe akụ nke omenala ụwa n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị ọhụrụ.
Ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe okike nke onye na-ese ihe bụ afọ mgbe ọ na-eduzi Orchestra Philharmonic Leningrad (1931-1533). Gauk kpọrọ otu a “onye nkuzi ya.” Ma ebe a na-emekọ ihe ọnụ - Gauk nwere uru dị mkpa n'ịkwalite ìgwè ndị egwú, bụ nke mesịrị nweta aha ụwa. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu oge, ọrụ ihe nkiri nke onye na-egwu egwu malitere. Dị ka onye isi ballet nke Opera na Ballet Theatre (nke bụbu Mariinsky), n'etiti ọrụ ndị ọzọ, o nyere ndị na-ege ntị ihe atụ nke nwa okorobịa Soviet choreography - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930). na "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.
Na 1933 Gauk kwagara Moscow na ruo 1936 na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi nduzi nke All-Union Radio. Mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-ede egwú Soviet na-esiwanye ike. "N'ime afọ ndị ahụ," ka ọ na-ede, "oge na-akpali akpali, nke na-adịghị mma na nke na-amịpụta n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu Soviet malitere ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky rụrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ndụ egwu ... M na-ezutekarị Nikolai Yakovlevich, m ji ịhụnanya duzie ọtụtụ oge. nke symphonies o dere.”
Na n'ọdịnihu, ọ na-eduzi State Symphony Orchestra nke USSR (1936-1941), Gauk, tinyere oge gboo music, na-agụnyekarị ihe ndị Soviet dere na mmemme ya. Enyere ya ọrụ mbụ nke ọrụ ya S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli na ndị ọzọ. Na egwu nke oge gara aga, Gauk na-atụgharịkarị na ọrụ nke, n'ihi otu ihe ma ọ bụ ọzọ, ndị nduzi na-eleghara anya. Ọ mebere nke ọma ihe okike dị egwu nke oge gboo: oratorio “Samson” nke Handel, Bach's Mass in B small, “Requiem”, Funeral and Triumphal Symphony, “Harold in Italy”, “Romeo na Julia” nke Berlioz dere…
Kemgbe 1953, Gauk bụ onye nduzi nka na onye isi nduzi nke Grand Symphony Orchestra nke All-Union Radio na Television. N'ịbụ onye ya na ndị otu a na-arụkọ ọrụ, ọ rụpụtara ihe dị mma, dị ka ọtụtụ ihe ndekọ na-egosi n'okpuru nlekọta ya. N'ịkọwa ụdị okike nke onye ọrụ ibe ya, A. Melik-Pashayev dere, sị: "Ụdị omume ya bụ njide dị n'èzí na ọkụ dị n'ime ya na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị, nke kachasị mma n'oge mmega ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ "ibu" mmetụta uche zuru oke. Oi tinyere aka na nkwadebe nke mmemme ahụ agụụ ya niile dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ihe ọmụma ya niile, onyinye mmụta nkuzi ya niile, yana na egwu egwu, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ na-enwe mmasị na nsonaazụ nke ọrụ ya, ọ na-akwadosi ike ọkụ nke ịrụ ọrụ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ndị na-ese ihe egwu. , nke ọ kpọrọ nkụ. Na otu ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama na ọdịdị nka ya: mgbe ị na-ekwughachi, emela onwe gị, ma gbalịa ịgụ ọrụ ahụ "na anya dị iche iche", na-etinye nghọta ọhụrụ na nkọwa tozuru okè na nke mara mma, dị ka a ga-asị na ị na-atụgharị mmetụta na echiche n'ime a. igodo arụ ọrụ dị iche iche.
Prọfesọ Gauk welitere ụyọkọ kpakpando nke ndị isi nduzi Soviet. N'oge dị iche iche ọ kụziiri na Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) na Moscow (ebe 1948) conservatories. N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov na ndị ọzọ.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
