Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

A mụrụ November 6, 1911 na Vladikavkaz. Nna - Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. Nne - Lisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Nwunye - Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Ụmụaka: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. All nwetara elu musical agụmakwụkwọ, ghọrọ a ma ama eme, laureates nke mba asọmpi, nwere aha nke ndị mmadụ Artists nke Armenia, asọpụrụ Artists nke Russia.

Nna nna PG Lisitsian, bụkwa Pavel Gerasimovich, bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala. Papa m rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ haziri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe maka mmepụta nke sịga sịga (nna nke nnukwu ụlọ ihe nkiri bụ Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, nyere ya ego maka ụlọ ọrụ a). Gerasim Pavlovich zụtara ngwá ọrụ na Finland, guzobe mmepụta, na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị kwụọ ụgwọ ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ mba na nna a manyere ịlaghachi n'ọrụ nke onye na-egwupụta ihe.

Ezinụlọ Lisitsian nwere nkwanye ùgwù pụrụ iche na obodo Armenia n'ihi egwu egwu dị ụkọ nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ niile - ma nne na nna, na nwanne nwanyị tọrọ Ruzanna, na site na nwata Pavel n'onwe ya - onye ọ bụla na-abụ abụ n'òtù nke ụka Armenia, awa nke ntụrụndụ ụlọ jupụtara na egwu . Ugbua mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, onye na-agụ egwú n'ọdịnihu, nọ ọdụ n'apata nke ndị okenye ya, nyere ihe nkiri mbụ ya - ọ na-eme solo na duet na nna ya ọ bụghị nanị Armenian, kamakwa Russian, Ukraine na Neapolitan songs. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọtụtụ afọ nke na-amụ na ukwe n'okpuru nduzi nke mmetụta uche, ukwuu gụrụ akwụkwọ ndu - composers Sardaryan na Manukyan - rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nkà mmepe nke Pavel Lisitsian. Nzụlite nwa nwoke ahụ nwere ụdị egwu dị iche iche na nke siri ike - ọ na-amụ cello, na-amụ piano, na-egwuri egwu na ndị na-egwu egwú na-amu amu ... Ịkụ egwú n'ụlọ wetakwara ya uru bara uru: ndị na-eme njem nleta na-enwe mmasị ileta ezinụlọ na-ele ọbịa, na mgbede na-ejedebe n'atụghị egwu. ihe nkiri. Nye Pọl, ruo ogologo oge ọ pụrụ icheta, ịbụ abụ bụ ihe ebumpụta ụwa dị ka ikwu okwu ma ọ bụ iku ume. Ma nne na nna nwa ahụ akwadoghị maka ọrụ egwu. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na ngwá ọrụ ọkwá nkà malite n'oge ọ bụ nwata maara nke ọma ma na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru ya dị ka ihe egwu.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị afọ itoolu, Pavel hapụrụ ụlọ nne na nna ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ n'onwe ya. Ndụ ndị na-akwagharị efegharị malitere na nchọgharị ala ala, nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ diamond. 1927 – Sadon ogbunigwe na nso Vladikavkaz, Pavel – onye na-amụ ihe, onye ọrụ aka, onye inyeaka. 1928 - Makhuntets dị nso na Batumi, na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye inyeaka nke nna ukwu. 1929 - Akhalkalaki, ihe owuwu nke Taparavan hydroelectric ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, Pavel - onye na-egwupụta ihe na onye na-ekere òkè mgbe niile na ihe omume nka na-amu amu, onye na-agụ egwú na ndị na-agụ egwú. Mgbe otu n'ime okwu ndị ahụ gasịrị, onye isi otu ahụ nyere nna ukwu ahụ dị afọ iri na asatọ tiketi sitere na Tiflis Geological Administration na ngalaba ndị ọrụ nke Leningrad Conservatory. Pavel rutere Leningrad n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1930. Ọ                                  kw us izie na-ar ar or o n’Ogige Ụgbọ mmiri Baltic. Nwa okorobịa ahụ mụtara ọrụ nke onye na-agba mmiri na onye na-agba ọkụ eletrik, onye na-agba ọkụ. Edi n̄kenyene nditiene n̄ka n̄ka Leningrad Conservatory ke ndondo oro n̄kọtọn̄ọde ndikpep.

Pavel banyere na Bolshoi Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị ka mgbakwunye. Mahadum ihe nkiri malitere, mgbago ọzọ nke usoro ndị ọkachamara ga-abụ - site na mgbakwunye ruo na praịm minista. Ọrụ ahụ mere ka o kwe omume ịhụ ndị nna ukwu kwa ụbọchị, na-eku ume ikuku nke ihe nkiri ahụ, sonye na omenala nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri Russia. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, onye na-agụ egwú nwetara diplọma nke agụmakwụkwọ ka elu ugbua na-eto eto, ịbụ onye kasị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR - ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Yerevan Conservatory dị ka mpụga nwa akwụkwọ na 1960.

N'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, e nyere onye na-eto eto ọrụ ịrụ ọrụ nke nọmba solo - ịhụnanya Shaporin "Night Zephyr". Emere ihe ngosi ndị a na Bolshoi Drama Theatre ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara ụda olu nke onye na-ese ihe. N'afọ 1932, Pavel maliteghachiri ọmụmụ abụ mgbe niile na onye nkụzi MM Levitskaya. N'ikpeazụ, a na-ekpebi àgwà nke olu ya - baritone. Levitskaya kwadebere Pavel maka ịbanye na kọleji egwu, ebe ọ malitere ịmụ ZS Dolskaya. Lisitsian nọrọ nanị afọ atọ n'ịmụta amamihe nke ịbụ abụ na nhazi olu ya - site na 1932 ruo 1935. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka AI Orfenov nwere ekele maka nkà olu ya tozuru okè. Lisitsian nwere ndị nkụzi olu abụọ, ọ bụghị ịgụta Battistini, ma n'etiti ndị nkụzi nyeere ya aka ịmụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke arụmọrụ, ọ na-akpọ aha ọtụtụ ndị, na, nke mbụ, pianists-concertmasters A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, onye na-ede egwú A. Dolukhanyan. Ndị nduzi S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, onye nduzi B. Pokrovsky…

Ozugbo ọ malitere ịmụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ, Pavel ghọrọ onye na-agụ egwú na Opera House First Youth. Na-arụ ọrụ na Rossini's Barber nke Seville na obere akụkụ, ọ hụghị ya. Ntụleghachi e biri ebi n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Leningrad Smena nwere obi ụtọ. Ma, ọ dị mwute ikwu, n'oge na-adịghị anya, n'ihi enweghị isi ihe onwunwe, a kwụsịrị ihe nkiri ntorobịa. Afọ ọzọ nke ọmụmụ na mahadum music, jikọtara na-arụsi ọrụ ike - ịgbado ọkụ nnukwu gas tankị na factory - na ọzọ ihe nkiri, ugbu a na-eto eto ìgwè nke Leningrad Maly Opera Ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Afọ 1935-1937 bụ ikekwe ihe kacha mkpa na nke siri ike na akụkọ ndụ okike nke onye na-ese ihe. Ọ rụrụ nke abụọ na ọbụna nke atọ, ma ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ! Samuil Abramovich Samosud, onye isi ihe nkiri nke ihe nkiri, onye ama ama nke opera, ji nlezianya lekọta onye na-ese ihe na-eto eto, soro ya na-egwuri egwu ọbụna akụkụ kacha nta. Ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke onye nduzi nke Austrian, n'afọ ndị ahụ, onye isi nke egwu egwu nke Leningrad Philharmonic, Fritz Stiedry, nyekwara ọtụtụ ihe. Nzukọ a na onye na-agụ egwú Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan tụgharịrị bụrụ ihe obi ụtọ karịsịa maka Lisitsian.

Na 1933, arụmọrụ malitere na ndị ọrụ klọb, ụlọ nke omenala, ụlọ akwụkwọ … Lisitsian si concert omume, nke dịruru 45 afọ. Ọ bụ soloist nke concert na ụlọ ihe nkiri Lengosakteatrov. Na 1936, Lisitsian kwadebere na bụrụ abụ na Capella concert Hall na otu ensemble na AB Meerovich nke mbụ solo akụkụ ná ndụ ya - romances nke Borodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. N'agbanyeghị oke ọrụ dị ukwuu, onye na-agụ egwú na-achọta oge na ohere maka uto ọgụgụ isi. Ọ na-amụ ihe ngosi nka na ije nke obodo, na-agụ ọtụtụ ihe. "Ụlọ akwụkwọ" nke Leningrad Philharmonic wetara Lisitsian uru bara uru.

1937 wetara mgbanwe ọhụrụ na akara aka nka ya. Onye na-agụ egwú na-enweta òkù na Yerevan Opera na Ballet Theatre aha ya bụ Spendiarov maka akụkụ mbụ. Afọ atọ na ọkara nke ọrụ na Armenia na-amịpụta mkpụrụ - ọ rụrụ ọrụ iri na ise na ihe nkiri oge ochie na nke oge a: Eugene Onegin, Valentin, Tomsky na Yelets, Robert, Tonio na Silvio, Maroles na Escamillo, yana Mitka na Listnitsky na The Quiet Don , Tatula n'ime opera "Almast", nke m na "Anush", Tovmas na "Dentist nke Oriental", Grikora na opera "Lusabatzin". Ma onye na-agụ egwú nwere ọganihu pụrụ iche n'ime afọ iri nke Armenia Art na Moscow na October 1939. Ọ rụrụ akụkụ abụọ dị egwu - Tatul na Grikor, ma soro na ihe nkiri niile kachasị mkpa. Ndị na-ege ntị nke ọma na obodo ukwu nabatara onye na-eto eto na-eto eto nke ọma, ndị isi nke Bolshoi Theater hụrụ ya ma ghara ikwe ka ọ pụọ n'anya ha. A na-enye Lisitsian aha onye na-asọpụrụ Artist nke Armenia SSR, a na-enye ya Order of the Red Banner of Labour, a họpụtara ya ịbụ osote nke Yerevan City Council, wee ghọọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Communist Party.

N'oge na-adịghị ọhụrụ a oké mkpa ogbo nke ọrụ malitere - a kpọrọ onye na-agụ egwú na Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri, ebe afọ iri abụọ na isii, ọ ga-abụ onye na-edu soloist. Mpụta mbụ nke Pavel Lisitsian na ogbo nke alaka ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Bolshoi mere n'April 26, 1941. Nyocha ndị ahụ dị oke egwu. Tupu mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, o jisiri na-abụ abụ akụkụ nke Eugene Onegin na akụkụ nke Yeletsky. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi, mpụta mbụ onye ọbụ abụ bụ egwuregwu "The Queen of Spades", nke mere otu ọnwa tupu "Eugene Onegin", mana ndị nta akụkọ nke isi obodo tụfuru arụmọrụ ahụ wee zaghachi naanị na arụmọrụ nke akụkụ Onegin otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, na-egosi ya. dị ka mpụta mbụ.

Agha amalitela. Site na July ruo October 1941, Pavel Lisitsian, ya na brigade, gara na ntụziaka nke GlavPURKKA na Kọmitii na-eje ozi Western Front, Reserve Front nke Army General Zhukov, ndị agha ịnyịnya nke General Dovator na ndị ọzọ nkeji na mpaghara. nke Vyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin na ndị ọzọ , rụrụ na ụgbọ elu nkeji, ụlọ ọgwụ, ecucuation emmepe na ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọdụ. Ọ na-abụ abụ n'ihu ihu n'okpuru ọkụ, na mmiri ozuzo ugboro 3-4 n'ụbọchị. Na September 1941, mgbe otu n'ime ihe nkiri ndị a na-eme n'ihu, bụ́ nke onye na-ese ihe na-abụ abụ ndị Armenia n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla, otu onye agha nyere ya ụyọkọ okooko osisi. Ruo ugbu a, Pavel Gerasimovich na-echeta bouquet a dị ka ihe kachasị ọnụ na ndụ ya.

Maka ọrụ achọghị ọdịmma onwe onye nanị n'ihu, e nyere PG Lisitsian ekele nke Political Directorate of the Western Front, iwu nke ndị agha nọ n'ọhịa, yana ngwá agha onwe onye sitere n'aka General Dovator. N'ihu na n'azụ, ọ bụrụ abụ ihe karịrị narị ihe nkiri narị ise ma nwee obi ụtọ maka onyinye ndị agha - nrite "N'ihi Obi Ike", "Maka Ntọhapụ nke Caucasus". Na njedebe nke 1941, a kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ Yerevan na ọnọdụ dị njọ na ogologo oge dị n'etiti ndụ na ọnwụ.

N'ịbụ onye gbakeworo n'ọrịa ya, Lisitsian na-abụ abụ na ogbo nke Yerevan Theatre maka otu afọ na ọkara. N'ime oge a, ọ replenishes ya repertoire na ọrụ nke Kiazo na Paliashvili's Daisi na Count Never in Meyerbeer's Huguenots, na 1943 ọ laghachiri Moscow, ebe na December 3, na nke mbụ ya mgbe ogologo ezumike gasịrị, ọ na-eme na ogbo. nke opera isi obodo. Ụbọchị mmeri bụ ihe ncheta maka ezinụlọ Lisitsian ọ bụghị nanị site na ịṅụrị ọṅụ nke mba na njedebe nke agha ọbara, kamakwa site na ihe omume ọṅụ ọzọ: na May 9, 1945, a mụrụ ejima - Ruzanna na Ruben.

Na 1946, P. Lisitsian rụrụ akụkụ Germont na Verdi's La Traviata, Kazbich na A. Alexandrov's Bela. Na-eso nke a, ọ na-eme akụkụ nke Kọmishọna pụrụiche na opera Muradeli The Great Friendship. Emere ihe ngosi mbụ na Nọvemba 1947. Ndị nta akụkọ kwekọrịtara n'otu n'otu na ekele ha nwere maka ọrụ Lisitsian. Otu ntule ahụ natara site na ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ - ihe oyiyi nke Ryleyev na Shaporin's opera "The Decembrists" na ogbo nke Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri na 1953. Lisitsian rụrụ ọrụ atọ ọzọ na operas nke Soviet composers na nke a: Belgian mgbochi. -fascist onye isi obodo Andre na Nazib Zhiganov's Jalil, Napoleon na Prokofiev's War and Peace. N'ime opera Dzerzhinsky "The Fate of a Man" ọ bụrụ abụ iru uju "Na ebe nchekwa nke ndị dara".

Na June 1959, Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri mere Bizet opera Carmen na nsonye Mario del Monaco. IK Arkhipova rụrụ akụkụ nke Carmen. Ọ na-ekerịta ihe ịga nke ọma ya na onye Ịtali ya, na PG Lisitsian, na ọrụ Escamillo, ọzọkwa nwere ike ijide n'aka na ịhụnanya na nkwanye ùgwù nke ọha na eze maka ya adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'agbanyeghị onye na-abụ abụ n'akụkụ ya - ọ bụla ọpụpụ na ọpụpụ ya. site n'ihe nkiri na-esonyere ya site n'itinye aka n'ụkwụ.

Pavel Gerasimovich meriri ọtụtụ mmeri okike n'oge ndụ ya dị ogologo ma dị egwu, otuto na nsọpụrụ ya dara n'okpuru oghere nke La Scala, Metropolitan, Bolshoi Theatre, ụlọ opera iri atọ na abụọ na mba anyị na ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ. Ọ gagharịala n'ihe karịrị mba iri atọ. Na Bolshoi Theater naanị, o jiri oge 26, ihe ngosi 1800! N'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ baritone nke Lisitsian na-abụ, a na-anọchi anya ma nke egwu ma ndị dị egwu n'otu aka ahụ. Ihe ndekọ ya ka enweghị atụ na ọkọlọtọ ruo taa. Nkà ya, ebe o meriri ohere na oge, taa bụ n'ezie ọgbara ọhụrụ, dị mkpa ma dị irè.

PG Lisitsian, n'achọghị ọdịmma onwe ya nanị n'ịhụnanya na opera, maara nke ọma ọrụ nke ime ụlọ, ihe ngosi na ihe nkiri solo.

P. Lisitsian nyekwara ụtụ maka ịme egwu ensemble: ọ na-abụkwa abụ na ụlọ duets na ndị ọrụ ibe si Bolshoi Theatre (karịsịa, na njem na Vienna - ọrụ Varlamov na Glinka na Valeria Vladimirovna Barsova), ọ na-abụkwa na quartets. Ezinụlọ Lisitsian quartet bụ ihe pụrụ iche na arụmọrụ ọkachamara ndị Russia. Ha mere mpụta mbụ ha dị ka otu otu na 1971, na-eme akụkụ niile - soprano, alto, tenor na bass - na Mozart's Requiem. Nna - Pavel Gerasimovich, ụmụ nwanyị abụọ - Karina na Ruzanna, na nwa Ruben dị n'otu na egwu site na ịdị n'otu nke ụkpụrụ nkà, ezigbo uto, ịhụnanya maka nnukwu ihe nketa oge ochie. Isi ihe na-eme ka nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma nke mkpokọta ahụ dị n'ọnọdụ aesthetics nke ndị òtù ya, ụzọ dị n'otu maka nsogbu teknụzụ na ụda, yana nkà nke onye ọ bụla so n'òtù ahụ.

N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ maka oge 26 na Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri, na-ebi ndụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya na Moscow, Lisitsian na-echefughị ​​na ọ bụ onye Armenia. Ọ dịghị otu oge n'oge ndụ ya niile nke okike mgbe ọ na-agụghị abụ na Armenia, ọ bụghị naanị na opera, kamakwa na egwu egwu, ọ bụghị nanị na nnukwu obodo, kamakwa n'ihu ndị ọrụ nke obodo nta dị anya.

Na-eme njem n'ụwa, Pavel Gerasimovich nwere mmasị na-eweta mba dị iche iche na-enye ndị nwe ha egwu ndị mmadụ, na-eme ha n'asụsụ mbụ. Ma isi mmasị ya bụ Armenian na Russian songs.

Site na 1967 ruo 1973, Lisitsian jikọtara ya na Yerevan Conservatory: nke mbụ dị ka onye nkuzi, mgbe ahụ dịka prọfesọ na onye isi nke ngalaba. N'oge njem ya na USA (1960) na Ịtali (1965), Otú ọ dị, nakwa na ọtụtụ njem ndị ọzọ ná mba ọzọ, ọ, na mgbakwunye na-ekere òkè na concerts na-eme atụmatụ tupu akwadoro, chọtara ike na oge na-eme na Armenian obodo. , na n'Ịtali ọbụna m jisiri ike gee ọtụtụ ụmụaka Armenia ntị iji họrọ ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka agụmakwụkwọ ọkachamara.

PG Lisitsian so ugboro ugboro na asọmpi mba ụwa dịka onye otu juri, gụnyere asọmpi na Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), asọmpi Schumann na Bach na East Germany. N'ihi na afọ 20 ọ na-ekere òkè na Weimar Music Semina. Ọ bụ onye nwetara ihe nrite nke Schumann (obodo Zwickau, 1977).

Afọ ole na ole gara aga, Pavel Lisitsian mechara kwuo nke ọma na ogbo opera na egwu egwu wee bụrụ abụ naanị na klas nkuzi, mana ọ ka dị ebube, na-egosi ụmụ akwụkwọ ya otu esi eme nke a ma ọ bụ nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ, nke a ma ọ bụ mmega ahụ.

N'ime obi nke ọrụ niile nke Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian bụ ọnọdụ ndụ ụkpụrụ nke onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke hụrụ ọrụ ọ họọrọ n'anya. N'ọdịdị ya, ọ dịghị ma ọ nweghị ike ịbụ ihe ngosi nke "onye ùgwù", ọ na-eche naanị otu ihe - ka ọ dị mkpa ma baa uru nye ndị mmadụ, na azụmahịa ya. Ọ na-ebi nchegbu dị nsọ maka egwu, imepụta ihe, ịdị mma, ịma mma.