Olivier Messiaen (Olivier Messiaen) |

Olivier Messien

… sacrament, Ụzarị nke ìhè n’abalị Ntụgharị uche nke ọṅụ Nnụnụ nke Ịdachi nkịtị… O. Mesaịa

Onye na-ede egwú French bụ O. Messiaen n'ụzọ ziri ezi ji otu n'ime ebe nsọpụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omenala egwu nke narị afọ nke 11. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ nwere ọgụgụ isi. Nna ya bụ onye na-asụ asụsụ Flemish, nne ya bụ onye uri South France ama ama Cecile Sauvage. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 1930, Messiaen hapụrụ obodo ya wee gaa ọmụmụ ihe na Paris Conservatory - na-egwu akụkụ (M. Dupre), na-edepụta (P. Dukas), akụkọ ihe mere eme egwu (M. Emmanuel). Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory (1936), Messiaen weere ọnọdụ nke onye nhazi nke Chọọchị Paris nke Atọ n'Ime Otu. N'afọ 39-1942. ọ kụziiri na Ecole Normale de Musique, mgbe ahụ na Schola cantorum, ebe ọ bụ na 1966 ọ na-akụzi na Paris Conservatory (nkwekọ, musical analysis, musical aesthetics, musical psychology, kemgbe 1936 prọfesọ nke mejupụtara). Na 1940, Messiaen, ya na I. Baudrier, A. Jolivet na D. Lesure, hiwere otu ndị ntorobịa France, bụ ndị gbalịsiri ike maka mmepe nke ọdịnala mba, maka mmetụta mmetụta uche na anụ ahụ zuru oke nke egwu. "France na-eto eto" jụrụ ụzọ nke neoclassicism, dodecaphony, na folklorism. Mgbe agha tiwapụrụ, Mesaịa gara dị ka onye agha n’ihu, na 41-1941. nọ n'ogige POW German dị na Silesia; n'ebe ahụ "Quartet maka njedebe oge" ka e dere maka violin, cello, clarinet na piano (XNUMX) na ọrụ mbụ ya mere n'ebe ahụ.

N'ime oge agha agha gasịrị, Messiaen na-enweta nkwanye ùgwù zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka onye na-ede egwú, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka organist na dị ka onye pianist (na-ejikọta ya na pianist Yvonne Loriot, nwa akwụkwọ ya na onye ndụ ya), na-ede ọtụtụ ọrụ na usoro egwu. N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ Messiaen bụ P. Boulez, K. Stockhausen, J. Xenakis.

Aesthetics nke Messiaen na-etolite ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke otu "Young France", nke kpọrọ oku maka ịlaghachi n'egwu nke ngwa ngwa nke igosipụta mmetụta. N'etiti stylistic isi mmalite nke ọrụ ya, onye dere onwe ya aha, na mgbakwunye na French nna ukwu (C. Debussy), Gregorian abụ, Russian songs, music nke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ omenala (karịsịa, India), birdsong. Ihe mejupụtara Messiaen juputara n'ìhè, ihe dị omimi na-egbuke egbuke, ha na-egbukepụ egbukepụ nke agba ụda na-egbuke egbuke, ọdịiche dị n'ụdị dị mfe ma a nụchara anụcha na egwu egwu na aha "igwe" na-egbuke egbuke, mgbawa nke ike na-ekpo ọkụ, ụda nnụnụ dị jụụ, ọbụna ndị ukwe nnụnụ. na ịgbachi nkịtị nke mkpụrụ obi. N'ụwa nke Mesaịa enweghị ebe maka prosaism kwa ụbọchị, esemokwu na esemokwu nke ihe nkiri mmadụ; ọbụghị ọbụna ihe oyiyi dị egwu, nke dị egwu nke agha kachasị ukwuu, ejidere na egwu nke Oge Quartet Ọgwụgwụ. N'ịjụ ndị dị ala, akụkụ kwa ụbọchị nke eziokwu, Messiaen chọrọ ịkwado ụkpụrụ ọdịnala nke ịma mma na nkwekọ, omenala ime mmụọ dị elu nke na-emegide ya, ọ bụghị site na "iweghachi" ha site n'ụdị ụdị stylization, ma jiri mmesapụ aka na-eji ụda ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke kwesịrị ekwesị. ụzọ asụsụ egwu. Messiaen na-eche na "ebighi ebi" oyiyi Katọlik na pantheistically acha cosmology. N'ịrụrịta ụka na ebumnuche omimi nke egwu dị ka "omume nke okwukwe", Messiaen na-enye ihe odide ya utu aha okpukpe: "Ọhụụ nke Amen" maka piano abụọ (1943), "Liturgies atọ maka ọnụnọ Chineke" (1944), "Elele iri abụọ nke Nwa Jizọs” maka piano (1944), “Mass na Pentikọst” (1950), oratorio “Nnwogha nke Onyenwe Anyị Jizọs Kraịst” (1969), “Tii Maka Mbilite n’Ọnwụ nke Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ” (1964, na ememe ncheta afọ 20). nke njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ). Ọbụna nnụnụ ndị na-abụ abụ ha - olu nke okike - ka Mesaịa na-akọwa ihe omimi, ha bụ "ndị ohu nke ndị na-abụghị ihe onwunwe"; dị otú ahụ bụ pụtara nnụnụ nnụnụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara "The edemede nke nnụnụ" maka piano na ndị egwú (1953); "Nnụnụ Exotic" maka piano, percussion na ụlọ egwu egwu (1956); "Katalọgụ nke nnụnụ" maka piano (1956-58), "Blackbird" maka ọjà na piano (1951). A na-ahụkwa ụdị “nnụnụ” nwere ọkaibe n'ọkpụkpụ ndị ọzọ.

Messiaen na-enwekarịkwa akụkụ nke akara ọnụọgụgụ. Ya mere, "Atọ n'Ime Otu" na-erute "obere liturgies atọ" - akụkụ 3 nke okirikiri, akụkụ atọ ọ bụla, nkeji atọ nke timbre-instrumental ugboro atọ, a na-ekewa otu ukwe ụmụ nwanyị n'otu oge n'ime 3 akụkụ.

Otú ọ dị, ọdịdị nke ihe nkiri egwu nke Messiaen, àgwà French nke e ji mara egwu ya, na-emekarị okwu "dị nkọ, na-ekpo ọkụ", mgbako nkà na ụzụ nke onye na-ede egwú ọgbara ọhụrụ nke na-eguzobe usoro egwu egwu nke ọrụ ya - ihe a niile na-abanye n'ime esemokwu ụfọdụ. na orthodoxy nke utu aha nke mejupụtara. Ọzọkwa, a na-ahụ isiokwu okpukpe naanị n'ụfọdụ ọrụ Mesaịa (ya onwe ya na-ahụ n'onwe ya ihe ọzọ nke egwu “dị ọcha, nke ụwa na nkà mmụta okpukpe”). A na-ejide akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa ihe atụ ya n'ụdị egwu dị ka egwu egwu "Turangaila" maka piano na ebili mmiri nke Martenot na ndị na-agụ egwú ("Abụ nke Ịhụnanya, Ukwe maka Ọṅụ nke Oge, Ntugharị, Rhythm, Life and Death", 1946-48). ); "Chronochromia" maka ndị egwú (1960); "Site na Gorge ruo Stars" maka piano, mpi na egwu egwu (1974); "Asaa Haiku" maka piano na ndị egwú (1962); Etudes Rhythmic anọ (1949) na Preludes asatọ (1929) maka piano; Isiokwu na Ọdịiche maka Violin na Piano (1932); ụda olu "Yaravi" (1945, na akụkọ ifo Peruvian, yaravi bụ abụ ịhụnanya nke na-ejedebe nanị na ọnwụ nke ndị hụrụ n'anya); "Emmemme nke Mmiri mara mma" (1937) na "Mondies abụọ na nkeji nkeji" (1938) maka ebili mmiri Martenot; "Ndị otu abụọ banyere Joan nke Arc" (1941); Kanteyojaya, ọmụmụ ụda ụda maka piano (1948); "Timbres-oge" (egwu egwu, 1952), opera "Saint Francis nke Assisi" (1984).

Dị ka a music theorist, Messiaen dabeere tumadi na ọrụ nke ya, kamakwa na ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ na-agụ egwú (gụnyere ndị Russia, karịsịa, I. Stravinsky), na Gregorian abụ, Russian akụkọ ifo, na echiche nke India theorist nke India. 1944 narị afọ. Sharngadevs. N'akwụkwọ "The Technique of My Musical Language" (XNUMX), o depụtara tiori nke modal ụdịdị nke oke ntụgharị na usoro mgbagwoju anya nke rhythms, dị mkpa maka egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. Egwu Messiaen na-arụ ọrụ ma njikọ nke oge (ruo n'oge emepechabeghị anya) yana njikọ omenala nke West na East.

Y. Kholopov

Ngwakọta:

maka ukwe - Obere liturgie atọ nke ọnụnọ Chineke (Trois petites liturgies de la ọnụnọ Chineke, maka ụmụ nwanyị unison unison, solo piano, ebili mmiri nke Martenot, eriri, orc., na percussion, 1944), Reshans ise (Cinq rechants, 1949), Atọ n'Ime Otu Mass of the Day (La Messe de la Pentecote, 1950), oratorio Nnwogha nke Onyenwe anyị (La transfiguration du Notre Seigneur, maka ukwe, egwu egwu na ngwa solo, 1969); maka orchestra – Onyinye echefuru (Les offrandes oubliees, 1930), Anthem (1932), Nrịgo (L'Ascension, 4 symphonic ejije, 1934), Chronochromia (1960); maka ngwa na egwu egwu - Turangalila Symphony (fp., ebili mmiri nke Martenot, 1948), edemede nke nnụnụ (La reveil des oiseaux, fp., 1953), Exotic Birds (Les oiseaux exotiques, fp., percussion na chamber orchestra, 1956), Seven Haiku ( Sept Hap-kap, fp., 1963); maka akwa ọla na ukpa – Enwere m tii maka mbilite n’ọnwụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ (Et expecto ትንሣኤem mortuorum, 1965, nke ndị ọchịchị France nyere ọrụ na ncheta afọ 20 nke njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - Isiokwu nwere ọdịiche (maka skr. na fp., 1932), Quartet maka njedebe oge (Quatuor pour la fin du temps, maka skr., clarinet, vlch., fp., 1941), Blackbird (Le merle noir, maka ọjà i fp., 1950); maka piano – okirikiri nke iri abụọ echiche banyere nwa ọhụrụ Jesus (Vingt regards sur l'enfant Jesus, 19444), rhythmic studies (Quatre etudes de rythme, 1949-50), Katalọgụ nnụnụ (Catalogue d'oiseaux, 7 akwụkwọ ndetu, 1956-59). ); maka 2 pianos – Ọhụụ nke Amen (Ọhụụ de l’Amen, 1943); maka akụkụ – udo nke eluigwe (Le oriri na ọṅụṅụ celeste, 1928), organ suites, tinyere. Ụbọchị ekeresimesi (La nativit du Seigneur, 1935), Album Organ (Livre d'Orgue, 1951); maka olu na piano - Abụ nke ụwa na elu igwe (Chants de terre et de ciel, 1938), Haravi (1945), wdg.

Akwụkwọ edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ: nkuzi 20 na solfeges ọgbara ọhụrụ, P., 1933; Ihe ọmụmụ iri abụọ na Harmony, P., 1939; Usoro asụsụ egwu m, c. 1-2, P., 1944; Ọgwụgwọ na Rhythm, v. 1-2, P., 1948.

Ọrụ edemede: Ọgbakọ Brussels, P., 1960.