Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |

Nikolai Tcherepnin

Enwere ụwa dum, dị ndụ, dị iche iche, ụda anwansi na nrọ anwansi… F. Tyutchev

Na May 19, 1909, egwu Paris dum ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-eto ballet "Pavilion of Armida", nke meghere ballet mbụ "Oge Russian", nke onye na-agbasa echiche nkà nke Russian art S. Diaghilev haziri. Ndị na-emepụta "Pavilion of Armida", bụ ndị ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ nwetara akara aka na ihe nkiri ballet nke ụwa, bụ onye na-egwu egwu egwu M. Fokin, onye na-ese ihe A. Benois na onye na-ede egwú na onye nduzi N. Cherepnin.

Nwa akwụkwọ nke N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ezigbo enyi A. Glazunov na A. Lyadov, onye so na obodo a ma ama "World of Art", onye na-egwu egwu nke natara nkwanye ùgwù site n'aka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, gụnyere S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte na ndị ọzọ, - Cherepnin banyere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian music nke XX narị afọ. otu n'ime ibe mara mma dị ka onye na-ede egwú, onye nduzi, onye pianist, onye nkụzi.

A mụrụ Cherepnin n'ezinụlọ onye dibịa afa a ma ama nke St. Ezinụlọ Cherepnin nwere mmasị na nka sara mbara: nna onye na-ede egwú maara, dịka ọmụmaatụ, M. Mussorgsky na A. Serov. Tcherepnin gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum St. Petersburg (Ngalaba Iwu) na St. Ruo 1921, ọ na-eduzi ndụ ihe okike na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-ede egwú na onye nduzi ("Russian Symphony Concertos", concerts nke Russian Musical Society, okpomọkụ concerts na Pavlovsk, "Historical Concerts" na Moscow; onye nduzi nke Mariinsky Theatre na St. Opera House na Tiflis, na 1909-14 afọ onye nduzi nke "Russian Seasons" na Paris, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Ntụnye Tcherepnin na nkuzi egwu dị oke egwu. N'ịbụ na 190518. onye nkụzi (ebe ọ bụ na 1909 prọfesọ) nke St. Petersburg Conservatory, ọ tọrọ ntọala mbụ na-eduzi klas na Russia. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-egwu egwu egwu - okwu ịhụnanya na ekele raara nye ya na ncheta ha.

Ọrụ Tcherepnin na omenala egwu Georgian dịkwa oke mma (na 1918-21 ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Conservatory Tiflis, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-egwu egwu na opera).

Kemgbe 1921, Cherepnin bi na Paris, hiwere Russian Conservatory n'ebe ahụ, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri ballet nke A. Pavlova, ma na-elegharị anya dị ka onye nduzi n'ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa. Ụzọ okike nke N. Tcherepnin dị ihe karịrị ọkara narị afọ ma bụrụ akara site na ịmepụta ihe karịrị 60 opuses nke egwu egwu, ndezi na mmegharị nke ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ede akwụkwọ. N'ihe nketa okike nke onye na-ede egwú, nke ụdị egwu niile na-anọchi anya ya, e nwere ọrụ ndị a na-aga n'ihu na omenala nke The Mighty Handful na P. Tchaikovsky; ma enwere (na ọtụtụ n'ime ha) ọrụ ndị dị n'akụkụ usoro nka nka ọhụrụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, nke kachasị na impressionism. Ha dị nnọọ mbụ ma bụrụ okwu ọhụrụ maka egwu Rọshịa nke oge ahụ.

Ebe ihe okike nke Tcherepnin nwere ballet iri na isii. Ndị kacha mma n'ime ha - Pavilion nke Armida (16), Narcissus na Echo (1907), Nkpuchi nke Ọnwụ uhie (1911) - ka e kere maka oge ndị Russia. Dị mkpa maka nkà nke mmalite nke narị afọ, isiokwu ịhụnanya nke esemokwu n'etiti nrọ na eziokwu na-emezu na ballet ndị a nwere usoro njirimara nke na-eme ka egwu Tcherepnin bịaruo nso ihe osise nke ndị French impressionists C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. Sisley, na site na ndị na-ese ihe na Russia na eserese nke otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe "egwu" nke oge ahụ V. Borisov-Musatov. Edere ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ Tcherepnin na isiokwu akụkọ ifo ndị Russia (abụ abụ abụ "Marya Morevna", "The Tale of the Princess Smile", "The Enchanted Bird, the Golden Fish").

N'etiti orchestral ọrụ Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta na ebe nchekwa N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic uri "Fate" (mgbe E. Poe), mgbanwe na isiokwu nke onye agha song "Nightingale, nightingale, obere nnụnụ", Concerto maka piano na orchestra, wdg) ihe kacha adọrọ mmasị bụ ọrụ mmemme ya: prelude symphonic "The Princess of Dreams" (mgbe E. Rostand gasịrị), uri uri "Macbeth" (mgbe W. Shakespeare gasịrị), ihe osise symphonic "The enchanted Alaeze" (na akụkọ nke Firebird), echiche efu dị egwu "Site na nsọtụ ruo n'ọnụ" (dị ka isiokwu nkà ihe ọmụma nke otu aha nke F. Tyutchev si kwuo), " Akụkọ banyere onye ọkụ azụ na azụ" (dị ka A si kwuo. Pushkin).

Edere na mba ofesi na 30s. operas The Matchmaker (dabere na egwuregwu A. Ostrovsky nke ịda ogbenye abụghị onye osote) na Vanka the Key Keeper (dabere na egwuregwu nke otu aha nke F. Sologub) bụ ihe atụ na-adọrọ mmasị nke iwebata usoro mgbagwoju anya nke ide ihe egwu n'ime ụdị. nke opera ọdịnala maka egwu Rọshịa XX in.

Cherepnin nwetara ọtụtụ ihe na ụdị cantata-oratorio ("Abụ nke Sappho" na ọtụtụ ọrụ ime mmụọ a cappella, gụnyere "The Virgin's Passage through Torment" na ederede uri ime mmụọ ndị mmadụ, wdg) na n'ụdị choral ("N'abalị). " na st. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, "The Old Song" na ọdụ nke A. Koltsov, ukwe na ọdụ nke ndị na-ede uri nke People's Will I. Palmina ("Akwala ákwá maka ozu ndị agha dara ada"). na I. Nikitin ("Oge na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ") egwu olu Cherepnin (ihe karịrị 100 romances) na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ isiokwu na atụmatụ - site na egwu nkà ihe ọmụma (" olu opi" na ọdụ D. Merezhkovsky, "Echiche na Waves" na F. Tyutchev ọdụ) na foto nke ọdịdị ("Twilight" on site F. Tyutchev), si nụchara anụcha stylization nke Russian songs ("Wreath na Gorodetsky") na akụkọ ifo ("Fairy Tales" site K. Balmont).

N'ime ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke Cherepnin, onye kwesịrị ịkpọ piano ya magburu onwe ya "ABC na Pictures" na eserese nke A. Benois, String Quartet, quartets maka mpi anọ na ndị ọzọ ensembles maka dị iche iche mejupụtara. Cherepnin bụkwa onye edemede nke orchestrations na mbipụta nke ọtụtụ ọrụ nke egwu Russia (Melnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker site M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair site M. Mussorgsky, wdg).

Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, aha Tcherepnin egosighị na ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ mmado egwu, a ebipụtaghịkwa ọrụ ya. Na nke a, ọ na-ekerịta ọdịnihu nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Russia bụ ndị kwụsịrị ná mba ọzọ mgbe mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị. Ugbu a ọrụ onye na-ede egwú emesịa were ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omenala egwú Russia; E bipụtala akara ngosi dị iche iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, Sonatina op. 61 maka ifufe, percussion na xylophone, ihe kachasị mma nke N. Tcherepnin na M. Fokine, ballet "Pavilion of Armida" na-echere mmaliteghachi ya.

GABATARA. Tompakova