Ferenc Erkel |

Ferenc Erkel

Dị ka Moniuszko na Poland ma ọ bụ Smetana na Czech Republic, Erkel bụ onye malitere opera mba Hungarian. Site n'ihe omume egwu ya na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-arụsi ọrụ ike, o nyere aka n'ọdịbendị obodo na-enwe ọganihu a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya.

A mụrụ Ferenc Erkel na November 7, 1810 n'obodo Gyula, na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Hungary, n'ime ezinụlọ ndị na-egwu egwu. Nna ya, onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ German na onye nduzi ukwe ụka, kụziiri nwa ya nwoke ka ọ na-akpọ piano n'onwe ya. Nwatakịrị nwoke ahụ gosipụtara ikike egwu pụtara ìhè ma ziga ya na Pozsony (Pressburg, ugbu a isi obodo Slovakia, Bratislava). N'ebe a, n'okpuru nduzi nke Heinrich Klein (enyi Beethoven), Erkel nwere ọganihu ngwa ngwa na-enweghị atụ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, a bịara mara ya na gburugburu ndị hụrụ egwu n'anya. Otú ọ dị, nna ya nwere olileanya ịhụ ya dị ka onye ọchịchị, na Erkel aghaghị ịtachi obi n'ịlụ ọgụ ya na ezinụlọ ya tupu ya etinye onwe ya n'ọrụ nkà.

Na njedebe nke 20s, o nyere concerts na obodo dị iche iche nke mba, na 1830-1837 nọrọ na Kolozhvar, isi obodo nke Transylvania, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ dị ka pianist, nkụzi na onye nduzi.

Ịnọ n’isi obodo Transylvania so mee ka mmasị Erkel nwere n’akụkọ ifo kpalie: “N’ebe ahụ, egwú ndị Hungary, bụ́ nke anyị leghaara anya, banyere n’ime obi m,” ka onye na-agụ egwú mesịrị cheta, “n’ihi ya, o mejuru mkpụrụ obi m dum n’iyi kasịnụ. ọmarịcha abụ Hungary, na site na ha enwekwaghị m ike ịtọhapụ onwe ya ruo mgbe ọ wụsara ihe niile, dị ka ọ dị m, n'ezie kwesịrị ịwụpụ.

Aha Erkel dị ka onye nduzi n'oge ọ nọ na Kolozsvár mụbara nke ukwuu nke na na 1838, o nwere ike isi n'òtù opera nke National Theatre na Pest meghere ọhụrụ. Erkel, n'ịbụ onye gosipụtara ike dị ukwuu na nkà nhazi nhazi, họrọ ndị na-ese ihe n'onwe ya, depụta ihe nkiri ahụ, na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe. Berlioz, bụ́ onye zutere ya mgbe ọ gara Hungary, nwere nnọọ ekele maka nkà nduzi ya.

N'ikuku nke ọgba aghara ọha na eze tupu mgbanwe nke 1848, ọrụ ịhụ mba n'anya Erkel bilitere. Otu n’ime nke mbụ bụ echiche piano n’isiokwu ọdịnala ndị Transylvanian, bụ́ nke Erkel kwuru banyere ya na “e ji ya mụọ egwú ndị Hungary.” "Ukwe" ya (1845) na okwu nke Kölchey nwetara nnukwu ewu ewu. Mana Erkel lekwasịrị anya na ụdị operatic. Ọ chọtara onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na onye Beni Egreshi, onye edemede na onye na-agụ egwu, onye ọ na-emepụta operas ya kacha mma na libretto.

Edere nke mbụ n'ime ha, "Maria Bathory", n'oge dị mkpirikpi na na 1840 jikwa ọmarịcha ihe ịga nke ọma mee ihe. Ndị nkatọ ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nabata ọmụmụ nke opera Hungarian, na-emesi ụdị egwu mba ahụ ike. N'ịbụ onye ihe ịga nke ọma kpaliri, Erkel dere opera nke abụọ, Laszlo Hunyadi (1844); mmepụta ya n'okpuru nduzi nke onye edemede mere ka ọha na eze nwee obi ụtọ. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Erkel dechara ihe ngosi ahụ, bụ nke a na-emekarị na concert. N'oge nleta ya na Hungary na 1846, Liszt na-eduzi ya, bụ onye n'otu oge ahụ kere ihe nkiri egwu na isiokwu nke opera.

N'ịbụ onye gụchara Laszlo Hunyadi, onye na-ede egwú malitere ịrụ ọrụ na etiti ọrụ ya, opera Bank Ban nke dabeere na ihe nkiri Katona. Ihe omume mgbanwe kwụsịrị ide ya. Ma ọbụna mmalite nke mmeghachi omume, mmegbu ndị uwe ojii na mkpagbu emeghị ka Erkel hapụ atụmatụ ya. Afọ itoolu ọ ga-echere maka mmepụta na, n'ikpeazụ, na 1861, mmalite nke Bank Ban mere na ogbo nke National Theatre, tinyere ihe ngosi ịhụ mba n'anya.

N'ime afọ ndị a, ihe omume mmekọrịta Erkel na-abawanye ụba. Na 1853 ọ haziri Philharmonic, na 1867 - Society of Singing. N'afọ 1875, ihe omume dị mkpa mere na ndụ egwu Budapest - mgbe ogologo nsogbu na mgbalị siri ike nke Liszt gasịrị, e meghere ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu Hungarian National Academy of Music, nke họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nsọpụrụ, na Erkel - onye nduzi. Ruo afọ iri na anọ, nke ikpeazụ duziri Academy of Music ma kụziere ndị piano na ya. Liszt toro ọrụ ọha Erkel; o dere, sị: “Kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ ugbu a, ọrụ gị egosila nke ọma na egwú ndị Hungary toro eto. Ichekwa ya, ichekwa na ịzụlite ya bụ azụmahịa nke Budapest Academy of Music. Na ikike ya na mpaghara a na ihe ịga nke ọma n'imezu ọrụ niile na-ahụ maka nlekọta dị nro gị dị ka onye nduzi ya.

Ụmụ nwoke atọ Erkel na-anwalekwa aka ha n'ihe mejupụtara: na 1865, e mere opera Chobanets nke Shandor Erkel mere. N'oge na-adịghị, ụmụ ndị ikom na-amalite na-akwado nna ha na, dị ka a na-eche, niile operas nke Ferenc Erkel mgbe "Bank-ban" (ma e wezụga nke onye na-agụ egwú nanị ihe ọchị opera "Charolta", nke e dere na 1862 na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma libretto - eze na ya knight nweta ịhụnanya nke obodo cantor ada) bụ mkpụrụ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ ("György Dozsa", 1867, "György Brankovich", 1874, "Nameless Heroes", 1880, "Eze Istvan", 1884). N'agbanyeghi uru echiche ha na nka nka sitere n'okike, enweghị isi n'ụdị mere ka ọrụ ndị a ghara ewu ewu karịa ndị bu ha ụzọ.

Na 1888, Budapest mere emume ncheta nke iri ise nke ọrụ Erkel dị ka onye na-eduzi opera. (N'oge a (1884) e meghere ụlọ ọhụrụ nke ụlọ opera, nke owuwu ya dị afọ itoolu; ego, dị ka n'oge ha na Prague, na-anakọta na mba nile site na ndenye aha.). N'ime ikuku na-eme ememme, arụmọrụ nke "Laszlo Hunyadi" n'okpuru nduzi nke onye edemede mere. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Erkel pụtara n'ihu ọha na nke ikpeazụ dị ka onye pianist - na ememe nke ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke iri asatọ ya, ọ rụrụ concerto d-moll Mozart, nke a ma ama n'oge ntorobịa ya.

Erkel nwụrụ na June 15, 1893. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara, e wuru ya ihe ncheta n'obodo onye dere ya.

M. Druskin

Ngwakọta:

opera (niile edobere na Budapest) - "Maria Bathory", libretto nke Egresi (1840), "Laszlo Hunyadi", libretto nke Egresi (1844), "Bank-ban", libretto nke Egresi (1861), "Charolte", libretto site na Tsanyuga (1862), “György Dozsa”, Libretto nke Szigligeti dabere na ihe nkiri nke Yokai (1867), “György Brankovich”, libretto nke Ormai na Audrey dabere na ihe nkiri nke Obernik (1874), “Ndị dike na-enweghị aha”, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ. Thoth (1880), “Eze Istvan”, libretto nke ihe nkiri Varadi Dobshi mere (1885); maka orchestra - Solemn Overture (1887; na 50th ncheta nke National Theatre nke Budapest), Brilliant duet na fantasy ụdị maka violin na piano (1837); iberibe maka piano, gụnyere Rakotsi-ahịhịa; egwu egwu, gụnyere cantata, yana ukwe (nke bụ okwu F. Kölchei, 1844; ghọrọ ukwe nke Hungarian People's Republic); songs; egwu maka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri.

Ụmụ Erkel:

Gyula Erkel (4 VII 1842, Pest - 22 III 1909, Budapest) - onye na-ede egwú, violin na onye nduzi. Ọ na-egwuri egwu na egwu egwu nke National Theater (1856-60), bụ onye nduzi ya (1863-89), prọfesọ na Academy of Music (1880), onye nchoputa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na Ujpest (1891). Elek Erkel (XI 2, 1843, Pest - June 10, 1893, Budapest) - onye edemede nke ọtụtụ operettas, gụnyere "The Student from Kasshi" ("Der Student von Kassau"). Laszlo Erkel (9 IV 1844, Pest – 3 XII 1896, Bratislava) – onye ndu ukwe na onye nkuzi piano. Ebe ọ bụ na 1870 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bratislava. Sandor Erkel (2 I 1846, Pest – 14 X 1900, Bekeschsaba) – onye nduzi ukwe, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-akụ violin. Ọ na-egwuri egwu na egwu egwu nke National Theater (1861-74), ebe ọ bụ na 1874 ọ bụ onye na-eduzi choral, ebe ọ bụ na 1875 ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke National Theatre, onye nduzi nke Philharmonic. Odee nke Singspiel (1865), Hungarian Overture na ndị otu nwoke.

References: Aleksandrova V., F. Erkel, "SM", 1960, Mba 11; Laszlo J., Ndụ nke F. Erkel na ihe atụ, Budapest, 1964; Sabolci B., History of Hungarian Music, Budapest, 1964, p. 71-73; Maroti J., Ụzọ Erkel site na opera dike-abụ ruo n'eziokwu dị egwu, n'akwụkwọ: Music of Hungary, M., 1968, p. 111-28; Nemeth A., Ferenc Erkel, L., 1980.