Mkpụrụedemede egwu |
Mkpụrụedemede egwu bụ usoro mkpụrụedemede maka ịkọwapụta nbipụta ụda. elu. Ọ bilitere ọ dịghị mgbe e mesịrị ka 3rd narị afọ. BC. na Dr. Greece, ebe e nwere usoro abụọ nke A. m. Na instr mbụ. usoro ahụ gụnyere mkpụrụedemede Grik. na mkpụrụedemede ndị Finishia. Na wok mechara. usoro eji naanị Greek. mkpụrụedemede n'usoro mkpụrụedemede dabara na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agbada.
Ejiri akara mkpụrụedemede Greek ndị ọzọ na Zap. Europe tupu 10th c. N'oge mmalite nke Middle Ages, usoro nke ịkọwa ụda na mkpụrụedemede lat bilitere ma jiri ya mee ihe. mkpụrụedemede. Diatonic nke mbụ. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwere abụ abụọ. octaves (A – a), nke akwụkwọ ozi sitere na A ruo R pụtara. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ bụ nanị mkpụrụedemede asaa mbụ ka a malitere iji. Site na usoro a, nrịbama dị ka ndị a: A, B, C., D, E, F, G; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, aa. Mgbe e mesịrị, e ji ụda nnu nke nnukwu octave, nke e ji mkpụrụedemede g (gamma) nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Grik akọwapụta ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ a. II ogbo nke isi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ malitere iji n'ụdị abụọ: elu - ụda si, a na-akpọ B durum (lat. - siri ike) ma gosipụta ya site na njiri mara square (lee Bekar); ala - ụda nke B-flat, nke a na-akpọ B mollis (lat. - dị nro) ma gosi ya site na ihe ngosi gbara gburugburu (lee Flat). Ka oge na-aga, lat malitere ịpụta ụda si. leta H. Mgbe narị afọ nke 12 gachara. Wed-narị afọ. Ederede na-abụghị nke onwe ya na akara ukwe were dochie usoro nrịbama mkpụrụedemede n'ime narị afọ 14-18. eweghachiri ya n'ụdị dị iche iche na akụkụ na lute tablature.
Ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ diatonic dị n'ime octave nwere aha mkpụrụedemede a:
Na mba nke asụsụ Bekee, a na-eji usoro a mee ihe na otu digression - aha ochie nke ụda na mkpụrụedemede b ka echekwara; B-flat ka a na-egosi b ewepụghị (B- nro).
Iji dee ihe mberede, a na-agbakwunye mkpụrụ edemede na mkpụrụedemede: bụ - nkọ, es - flat, isis - nkọ abụọ, eses - okpukpu abụọ. Ewepụ ya bụ ụda nke B-flat, nke aha ya na mkpụrụedemede b, ụda E-flat na A-flat, nke syllables gosipụtara na dịka, n'otu n'otu, echekwara ya. C- nkọ - cis, F-okpukpu abụọ - fisis, D-flat - des, G-okpukpu abụọ - geses.
Na mba ndị a na-asụ bekee na-egosipụta nkọ site na okwu nkọ, flat - site na okwu flat, double- nkọ - site na okwu abụọ nkọ, okpukpu abụọ - site na okwu abụọ flat, C- sharp - with sharp, F- okpukpu abụọ - f nkọ abụọ, D-flat - d flat , G okpukpu abụọ - g okpukpu abụọ.
A na-egosi ụda nke nnukwu octave site na mkpụrụedemede ukwu, na-egosipụtakwa nke nta site na obere mkpụrụedemede. Maka ụda octave ndị ọzọ, a na-agbakwunye nọmba ma ọ bụ dashes na mkpụrụedemede ahụ, dabara na nọmba na aha octave:
ruo octave nke mbụ - c1 ma ọ bụ c' re nke octave nke abụọ - d2 ma ọ bụ d "mi nke octave nke atọ - e3 ma ọ bụ e" 'fa nke octave nke anọ - f4 ma ọ bụ f "" ruo na octave nke ise - c5 ma ọ bụ c """ na-eme nkwekọrịta - H1 ma ọ bụ 1H ma ọ bụ H maka subcontroctave - A2 ma ọ bụ A, ma ọ bụ
Iji gosi igodo ndị ahụ, a na-agbakwunye okwu ndị ahụ na mkpụrụedemede: dur (isi), moll (obere), na maka isi igodo, a na-eji mkpụrụedemede ukwu, na maka obere igodo - obere, dịka ọmụmaatụ C-dur (C major), fis. -moll (F- nkọ obere) wdg. N'ụzọ nke edebiri nkenke, mkpụrụedemede ukwu (na-enweghị mgbakwunye) na-egosi isi igodo na kọọd, na obere mkpụrụedemede na-egosi obere.
Site na mmalite nke egwu. omume nke usoro egwu linear A. m. enweela ihe ọ pụtara na mbụ ma chekwaa ya dị ka onye inyeaka. n'ụzọ nke nhọpụta ụda, kọọdu na igodo (karịsịa na egwu na usoro iwu ọrụ).
References: Gruber RI, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omenala egwu, t. 1, nk. 1, M.-L., 1941; Bellermann Fr., Die Tonleitern und Musiknoten der Griechen, V., 1847; Fortlage K., Usoro egwu nke ndị Gris…, Lpz., 1847; Riemann H., Studien zur Geschichte der Notenschrift, Lpz., 1878; Monro DV, Ụdị egwu Greek ochie, Oxf., 1894; Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Bd 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; Sachs C., Die griechische Instrumentalnotenschrift, «ZfMw», VI, 1924; его же, Die griechische Gesangsnotenschrift, «ZfMw», VII, 1925; Pоtirоn H., Mmalite nke akara mkpụrụedemede, Revue grйgorienne», 1952, XXXI; Сorbin S., Valeur et sens de la notation alphabйtique a Jumiiges…, Rouen, 1955; Smits van Waesberghe J., Les origines de la notation alphabйtique au moyen vge, в сб.: Annuario musical XII, Barcelona, 1957; Barbour JM, ụkpụrụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Greek, «JAMS», XIII, 1960.
Vakhromeev
