Ememme egwu |
Ememme Bekee na French, site na lat. festivus - obi ụtọ, oriri
Ememme ndị mejupụtara okirikiri egwu egwu na ihe ngosi, jikọtara ọnụ site na aha nkịtị, otu mmemme ma mee na mmemme pụrụ iche. gburugburu ebe obibi. Muses. F. dị iche na oge (site na ọtụtụ ụbọchị ruo ọnwa isii) na ọdịnaya. Enwere monoographic (raara onwe ya nye maka egwu nke otu onye na-ede ihe), isiokwu (raara onwe ya nye otu ụdị, oge, ma ọ bụ ntụzịaka stylistic), na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. ikpe, wdg F. bụ steeti haziri. na ndị ọchịchị obodo, philharmonics na muses. banyere gị, na capitalist. mba - nakwa ụlọ ọrụ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. A na-eme ha mgbe niile: kwa afọ, afọ 2 ọ bụla (biennale) ma ọ bụ afọ 3-4 ọ bụla, yana njikọ na ememe pụrụ iche. ihe omume. A na-ahazikarị ha n'obodo ndị a ma ama maka egwu ha. omenala ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ndụ na ọrụ nke ndị isi egwu (ụfọdụ F., dịka ọmụmaatụ, International Society for Contemporary Music, na-ahazi na obodo dị iche iche).
Muses. F. malitere na Great Britain (London, 1709) ma na mbụ ejikọrọ ya na ụka. egwu. Site n'ala nke abụọ. A na-eme narị afọ nke 2 n'ọtụtụ mba Center. Europe, gụnyere na Austria (Vienna, 18), site na mmalite. Narị afọ 1772 - na Germany (Frankenhausen, Thuringia, 19); Egwuregwu egwu mbụ nke America F. haziri na 1810 (Worcester). Nkesa nwetara mba ụwa. egwu F. na narị afọ nke 1869, ọkachasị site na etiti. 20s Ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime ha na-anọ ebe dị mkpa n'oge a. egwu ndụ dị iche. mba, na-enye aka n'ịkwalite egwu. art-va, mmepe nke mmekọrịta omenala n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ndị soloists kasị ukwuu, opera kacha mma, ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na-etinye aka na ha. na ukwe. otu, ụlọ ensembles si Dec. mba. Ọtụtụ mgbe, n'ime usoro nke F., a na-eme mmemme mba ụwa. asọmpi egwu. N'otu oge ahụ, ụfọdụ F. na bourgeois. obodo na-anọgide na-enweghị ike ịnweta ọha ọha n'ihi ọnụ ahịa tiketi dị elu ma bụrụ nke elitist, F. ndị ọzọ bụ Ch. arr. maka ebumnuche mgbasa ozi (iji dọta ndị njem nleta).
Ọtụtụ pụtara. intl. egwu F .: Austria – Salzburg (1920), "Vienna Festival Weeks" (1951); Great Britain - Glyndebourne (1934) na Edinburgh (ihe nkiri na egwu, 1947); Hungary - "Budapest Muses. izu” (1956); GDR – Handel F. na Halle (1952), “Berlin Muses. ụbọchị" (1957); Denmark - Ụbọchị. eze. F. opera na ballet (1949); Ịtali - "Florentine Muses. Mee (1933), Venice Biennale (egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, 1930), Ememme Ụwa Abụọ (Spoleto, 1958); Netherlands – Dutch F. na Amsterdam (1948); Poland - "Ụgbụ Warsaw" (egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, 1954), "Egwu Poznan. mmiri” (1960); Romania – F. im. J. Enescu na Bucharest (1958); USA - F. na Berkshire (egwu ụlọ, 1918), Rochester (Amer. music, 1931), Tanglewood (nke SA Koussevitsky haziri, 1935); FRG - F. na Bayreuth (1882), Donaueschingen (egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, 1946); Finland - "Izu Sibelius" na Helsinki (1951); France – Besancon F. (1947), im. Casals na Prada (1950), Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Mba dị na Paris (1957); Czechoslovakia - "Prague Spring" (1946); Switzerland - mba ụwa. izu ememme” na Lucerne (1939); Yugoslavia - Egwuregwu Summer Dubrovnik (ihe nkiri na egwu, 1950), Ohrid Summer (1961), Music Zagreb. Biennale (1961); Japan - Egwu. F. na Osaka (1957). Site na 60s. ewu ewu F. estr. nka na egwu, ọkachasị na Europe.
Na USSR, muses mbụ. A haziri F. na 30s. (Leningrad). Nkesa enwetara site na con. Afọ 50 na 1957, a haziri All-Union Ph. Dram. na egwu. t-ogwu, F. ikwiikwii. egwu nke Latvia, Lithuania na Estonia, "Transcaucasian Spring". Kemgbe 1962, All-Union F. modern. egwu na Gorky, kemgbe 1964 - egwu kwa afọ. F. "Moscow Stars" na "Russian Winter" na Moscow, "White Nights" na Leningrad, yana egwu. otu niile, rep. F. na ndị ọzọ. Na 1977, e mere ọgbakọ All-Union F. Samoyeda mbụ. nka. okike nke ndị ọrụ, raara onwe ya nye na ncheta 60th nke Oct. revolutions nke 1917 (lee arụmọrụ Amateur).
World Federation of Democratic Youth na International Union nke ụmụ akwụkwọ kemgbe 1947 na-ejide Intern oge ụfọdụ. F. onye kwuo uche ya. Ndị ntorobịa na ụmụ akwụkwọ (mgbe e mesịrị, Ego Ụwa nke Ndị Ntorobịa na Ụmụ akwụkwọ). Na ndị a F. nka na-ahaziri. asọmpi, ihe ngosi, asọmpi egwuregwu, wdg.
