Jacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

Jack Ibert

Jacques Ibert (aha zuru ezu Jacques Francois Antoine Ibert, Ọgọst 15, 1890, Paris – Febụwarị 5, 1962, Paris) bụ onye edemede France.

A mụrụ Iber nye Antoine Ibert, onye na-ere ahịa, na Marguerite Lartigue, nwanne nwanne Manuel de Falla nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ọ malitere ịmụ violin na piano n'okpuru nduzi nke nne ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta nke Reber na Dubois, malitere ide obere waltz na abụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ nwetara ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ nkwakọba ihe iji nyere nna ya aka, bụ́ onye azụmahịa ya na-enwechaghị nke ọma n'oge ahụ. Na nzuzo site n'aka nne na nna ya, ọ mụtara solfeggio na tiori egwu na nzuzo, ma gaa klas nke Paul Moonet. Mune dụrụ nwa okorobịa ahụ ọdụ ka ọ họrọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ma nne na nna Iber akwadoghị echiche a, o kpebiri itinye onwe ya kpamkpam na egwu.

Na 1910, na ndụmọdụ Manuel de Falla, Iber tinyere akwụkwọ na Paris Conservatoire ma kwenye na ya dị ka "onye na-ege ntị", na otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị - maka ọzụzụ zuru oke na klas nke counterpoint André Gedalge, nkwekọrịta - Emile Pessar , ihe mejupụtara na nhazi egwu - Paul Vidal. N'ime ụmụ klas ya, ndị na-agụ egwú a ma ama bụ Arthur Honegger na Darius Milhaud n'ọdịnihu. Ibert biri ndụ na-enye nkuzi nke onwe, na-akpọ piano na sinima nke Montmartre, na-edekwa egwu na egwu egwu (ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka e bipụtara n'okpuru pseudonym William Bertie).

Na ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Iber, bụ onye na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọrụ agha n'ihi ahụike, ka o sina dị, gara n'ihu na November 1914 dị ka usoro. Na 1916, ọ dara ọrịa typhus, a manyere ya ịlaghachi n'azụ. N'ihi na obere oge, ọ na-esonyere New Young composers otu kere Eric Satie na sonye na ọtụtụ concerts na Georges Auric, Louis Duray na Arthur Honegger. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, Iber sonyeere n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri, bụ́ ebe ọ nwetara ọkwa n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jee ozi na Dunkirk ruo ọtụtụ afọ. N'October 1919, a na-edobebeghị ya, Iber na-ekere òkè na asọmpi maka ihe nrite Rome na cantata "The Poet and the Fairy" wee nweta Grand Prix ozugbo, nke na-enye ya ohere ibi na Rom ruo afọ atọ. N'otu afọ ahụ, Ibert lụrụ Rosette Weber, ada nke onye na-ese ihe bụ Jean Weber. Na February 1920, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Rom, ebe onye na-ede egwú dere ọrụ mbụ maka òtù egwú - "The Ballad of Reading Prison" dabeere na uri nke otu aha site Oscar Wilde. Oge ndị Rom na-emepụta ihe na-agụnye opera "Perseus na Andromeda", suites "History" maka piano na "Seaports" maka ndị egwú. Naanị ịkwagharị mgbe niile na ndaba dị ọcha mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na na 1920 onye nkatọ egwu Henri Collet, "na-agụta" ndị na-eto eto na-ede egwú, agụnyeghị Jacques Ibert na otu "isii" a ma ama na nke ọha na eze.

Na 1923, onye na-ede egwú laghachiri na Paris, bụ ebe ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-ede egwú, ma kụzikwaara òtù egwú na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Universal. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Iber zụtara ụlọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX na Normandy, bụ ebe ọ na-anọ ọtụtụ ọnwa n'afọ, na-achọ ịpụ n'ọgba aghara nke obodo ahụ. N'ụlọ a, ọ ga-emepụta ihe ndị a ma ama: Divertimento for orchestra, opera King Yveto, ballet Knight Errant na ndị ọzọ.

Afọ 1927 bụ akara ngosi nke opera "Angelica", nke emere na Paris wee weta onye edemede ya ama ama n'ụwa. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, Iber rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na egwu maka mmepụta ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, n'etiti nke Don Quixote (1932) na Fyodor Chaliapin na ọrụ aha pụtara pụtara. Onye na-ede egwú na-emepụtakwa ọtụtụ ọrụ egwu egwu, gụnyere Sea Symphony, nke, dị ka uche ya si dị, a gaghị eme ya ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

Na 1933-1936, Iber dere Flute Concerto na Chamber Concertino maka Saxophone, yana nnukwu ballet abụọ nwere abụ (nke Ida Rubinstein nyere): Diana nke Poitiers na Knight Errant. Na-eme njem nleta buru ibu na Europe, na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye nduzi, na-eduzi mmepụta mbụ nke "King Yveto" na Düsseldorf. Yana Honegger, a na-emepụta opera "Eaglet".

Na 1937, Iber natara post nke director nke French Academy na Rome (na nke mbụ ebe ọ bụ na 1666 a họpụtara musician n'ọnọdụ a). Ọ tụgharịrị ọzọ na ọrụ nkwonkwo ya na Honegger: operetta "Baby Cardinal", nke e mere na Paris, bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma.

Malite ná mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Ibert jere ozi dị ka Naval Attaché n'ụlọ ọrụ Embassy France dị na Rom. Na June 10, Ịtali banyere n'agha, na n'echi ya, Iber na ezinụlọ ya hapụrụ Rome n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè diplomatic.

N'August 1940, a chụrụ Ibert n'ọrụ, site na iwu pụrụ iche nke ọchịchị Vichy, e wepụrụ aha ya na ndepụta ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, machibidokwa ọrụ ya ịrụ ọrụ. N'ime afọ anọ sochirinụ, Iber biri na ọkara nke iwu, na-aga n'ihu na-edepụta (na 1942 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na String Quartet, nke malitere afọ ise gara aga). N'October 1942, Iber jisiri ike kwaga Switzerland, ebe ọ malitere inwe nsogbu ahụike siri ike (sepsis).

Mgbe a tọhapụrụ Paris n'August 1944, Ibert laghachiri France. Site na 1945 ruo 1947 onye na-ede egwú chịkwaa ọzọ na French Academy na Rome. Iber na-edekwa egwu ọzọ maka mmepụta ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, ballets, na-eduzi ihe omume nke ya.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1950s Iber malitere inwe nsogbu na usoro obi, nke mere ka ọ kwụsị ịrụ ọrụ na egwu na nkuzi. N'afọ 1960, onye na-ede egwú si Rom kwaga Paris.

Iber nwụrụ na February 5, 1962 site na nkụchi obi. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Symphony nke Abụọ, nke nọgidere na-emechabeghị. A na-eli onye na-ede egwú n'ili Passy.

Ọrụ Iber na-ejikọta ihe neoclassical na impressionistic: idoanya na nkwekọ nke ụdị, nnwere onwe olu ụtọ, ụda na-agbanwe agbanwe, ngwá ọrụ mara mma. Iber bụ nna ukwu nke ntụgharị egwu egwu, ihe ọchị.

Ngwakọta:

opera - Perseus na Andromeda (1923 post. 1929, tr "Grand Opera", Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr "Opera na-atọ ọchị", Paris), King Yveto (1930, tr-p "Opera Comic", Paris), Eaglet (dabere na egwuregwu nke otu aha nke E. Rostand, yana A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); ballet - Mmekọ (akara e kere na ndabere nke piano suite, 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography nke M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Love Adventures nke Jupiter (1946, "Tr Champs). Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (dabere na Cervantes'Don Quixote, egwu sitere na fim Don Quixote, choreography nke S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Triumph of Chastity (1955, Chicago); operetta – Kadịnal nwa (ya na Honegger, 1938, tr “Buff-Parisien”, Paris); maka ndị na-agụ egwú, ndị ukwe na ndị egwú – cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); maka orchestra – Christmas na Picardy (1914), Harbors (3 symphonic eserese: Rome – Palermo, Tunisia – Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), Festive Overture (1942) , Orgy (1956); maka ngwa na orchestra – Concerto Symphony (maka oboe na eriri, 1948), concertos (maka ọjà, 1934; maka anụ ọhịa wolf na ikuku, 1925), Chamber concertino (maka saxophone, 1935); ọnụ ụlọ instrumental ensembles - atọ (maka skr., wlch. na harp, 1940), eriri quartet (1943), ifufe quintet, wdg; iberibe maka piano, ngwa, guitar; egwu; egwu na arụmọrụ ihe nkiri nkiri - "The Straw Hat" nke Labish (1929), "July 14" nke Rolland (tinyere ndị ọzọ French composers, 1936), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" nke Shakespeare (1942), wdg .; egwu maka ihe nkiri, gụnyere. Don Quixote (ya na ntinye aka nke FI Chaliapin); egwu maka ihe ngosi redio - Ọdachi nke Dọkịta Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), wdg.