egwu egwu |

Egwuregwu egwu - arụmọrụ ọha, akwụ ụgwọ nke egwu dịka mmemme eburu ụzọ mara, site na otu ma ọ bụ karịa ndị egwu n'ime ụlọ a kwadebere nke ọma. Nkwenye na narị afọ nke 18. TO. dị ka ụdị nke ọha mmadụ. Ịkụ egwú bụ n'ihi uto nke ugwu. bourgeois - nka ochichi onye kwuo uche ya. omenaala. Na-abawanye mmasị ọha na instr. egwu, nke rue oge ahụ na-eme ka a chụpụ ya. mmasị maka opera, mere ka e guzobe ndị ọhụrụ, concert na-ege ntị, nke e mere ka ọ dị mfe site na ebe ihe nkiri. arụmọrụ nke afọ ndị ahụ - na nkwụsị nke operas, na mgbe ụfọdụ ihe nkiri. ngosi bụ instr. virtuosos (omume ndị dị otú ahụ dịgidere ruo 80s. narị afọ nke 19), yana n'etiti ụka n'otu n'otu. ọrụ, okwuchukwu (ọtụtụ mgbe na Zap. Europe). Ịgba egwu ụwa ọgụ. omenala, ndị ụka ji kemgbe narị afọ nke 17. tinyere organ na ukwe skr. egwu, na-eke a semblance nke conc. n'oge ememe okpukpe. ọnọdụ. Violin dị ka ngwa solo na skr. Mgbakọ ahụ nwere ebe dị mkpa na nhazi nke ndị Katọlik. ọtụtụ, n'ihi ya na Italian. E mepụtara egwu egwu pụrụ iche. ụdị ice na ụdị, na-enye maka mmalite nke ọnọdụ ahụ (ụka. sonata, concerto grosso). N'ime narị afọ nke 17 na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị afọ nke 18 niile. maka ndụ adjectives, aristocratic salons, juru ebe niile n'oge ahụ academies, collegium musicum bụ Ch. arr. a na-akpọ egwu mechiri emechi. TO. e mere ka ọ bụrụ oke. okirikiri nke ndị akpọrọ pụrụ iche. VC. ndị na-agụ egwú bụ́ ndị na-ejere otu onye ma ọ bụ onye ọzọ bụ́ onye na-akwado nkà ihe ọmụma, bụ́ ndị na-enwekarị ngwá egwú nke ha, na-ekerekarị òkè. na ukwe. chapels (na-enye ndị na-ege ntị n'efu). The ahọrọ mejupụtara nke na-ege ntị na obere size nke ogige kpebisiri ike ọdịnaya nke ndị dị otú ahụ concerts, nke na-emekarị nwere àgwà nke ụlọ-ensemble music-eme. Tinyere nke a, na narị afọ nke 18. e nwere ụdị ọzọ nke K. - ihe ngosi ọha na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị egwu egwu, emebere maka ọha mmadụ, onye kwuo uche ya. ndị na-ege ntị. Nke mbụ mepere ugwo K. A haziri na London na 1672-78 site n'aka onye violin J. Banister n'onwe ya. ulo; e nyere ndị na-ege ntị ikike ịhọrọ mmemme. Na 1678-1714 onye nhazi a ma ama K. na London bụ T. Britton. Na 1690-93 ebe a K. haziri nke R. King nkwonkwo. ya na ya. opera entrepreneur I. AT. Frank, nakwa na conc nke ya. nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ. N'oge ahụ, ndebanye aha K. na K. site na ndenye aha. Na 1765-82, kaadị ndenye aha na-ewu ewu na London; NA. TO. Bach nkwonkwo. na K. F. Ebel, ndenye aha K., osn. ode akwụkwọ I. AP Zolomon (maka ha Y. Haydn dere ihe a na-akpọ ya. London Symphonies). Na France, e nwere “Egwuregwu Ime Mmụọ” (1725-91), osn. mkpokọta. F. A. Philidor; n'ime ha, tinyere egwú òtù nzuzo, a na-emekwa ngwá egwú ndị nkịtị. ensembles, symphonies, solo op. N'ịgbaso ihe atụ ha, dị ka K. Haziri na Leipzig, Vienna, Stockholm. Na ịnyịnya. 18 na. nke a na-akpọ. agụmakwụkwọ - nwebisiinka K., mgbe onye na-ede egwú na-arụ ọrụ nke ya. Suu ọnụ. (AT. A. Mozart, L. Beethoven na ndị ọzọ). Na Russia, a na-eme egwuregwu ọha na eze mbụ na 40s. 18 na. Petersburg, ebe na 70s. ha na-enweta n'usoro. agwa (na Moscow - na 80s). Otú ọ dị, naanị mgbe Great French. N'oge mgbanwe ahụ, a kwadoro ụdị ihe nkiri ọha na eze, nke a na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ya, n'ikpeazụ, ya na mmemme a chịkọtara tupu oge ahụ kwekọrọ na mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze mere na ọha mmadụ. A na-emepụta ụdị onye na-eme ihe ọhụrụ, "concert" virtuoso; a na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị ngosi nke ọha ya, solo k.; ụdị mmemme emere n'oge niile k. soloist na piano accompaniment Otú ọ dị, na 1st ọkara. 19 na. Ngwakọta mmemme nke K. soloist - virtuoso instrumentalist ma ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwú, nke ndị egwu na-ekere òkè, wdg. ndị na-eme ihe nkiri (ntụgharị. Mr. entourage). Ụdị a bụ mgbanwe site na arụmọrụ nke soloist na chọọchị n'etiti akụkụ nke uka, oratorio, ma ọ bụ na t-re, n'oge nkwụsị nke ihe nkiri ahụ. ihe nnọchianya, nye onwe ya K. - piano-violin-onye ndú-bendum (German. piano-violin-abụ-mgbede). Laa azụ na njedebe 30s. 19 na. ọbụna N. Paganini rụrụ na entourage. Naanị n'ime afọ 40. F. Liszt bụ onye mbụ nyere a solo K., na-enweghị òkè nke ndị ọzọ. ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Uto egwu. art-va na ime omenala, mgbasa nke K., mmepe nke muses. njikọ dị n'etiti obodo nyere aka na mpụta nke ọhụrụ, onye isi obodo. ụdị nke nzukọ conc. ndụ. Na 1880 na Berlin G. Wolf tọrọ ntọala mbụ conc. ụlọ ọrụ malitere ịhazi ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe na ọnọdụ ihe ụfọdụ. Nke a kara akara mmalite nke conc nke oge a. "ụlọ ọrụ", nke nwetara nnukwu mmepe na United States, ebe enwere nnukwu ego nke conc. ụlọ ọrụ, impresario na njikwa na-ahazi K., njegharị ná mba ọzọ. ndi nka. N'ime narị afọ nke 19 TO. (symphonic, ụlọ, solo) na-aghọwanye ebe nile, nke ọrụ nke Dec. ụdị egwu egwu dị na Europe niile. ebe omenala. Na 19 in. ihe kacha ama ama bụ egwu egwu na-adịgide adịgide meriri. TO. Society of Concerts nke Paris Conservatoire (isi. na 1828), K. Leipzig Gewandhaus, Vienna (isi. na 1842) na Berlin (isi. na 1882) philharmonic. ndị egwu egwu, ihe nkiri Lamoureux na Paris (isi. na 1881), ihe nkiri London Promenade, wdg; na narị afọ nke 20 - K. Boston (isi. na 1881) na Philadelphia (isi. na 1900) ndị egwu egwu, BBC Orchestra (London), ndị egwu Paris, wdg. Na ọkara nke abụọ. 20 na. A na-eji akara eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. na ụlọ egwu egwu ahaziri n'ime framework nke mba ụwa. ememe ice . Zarub ghọrọ nkịtị. njegharị nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. mkpokọta (opera t-ditch, symphony. òtù egwú, ụlọ ensembles, wdg). N'ọtụtụ mba, a na-ewu ụlọ ebe a na-egwu egwu nke nwere ike ịnabata nnukwu mmadụ. Na tupu mgbanwe Russia bụ ihe dị oké mkpa maka mmepe nke conc. ndụ na nzukọ symph. na chamberlain K. nwere St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, Moscow Philharmonic Society, na karịsịa Russian Musical Society, yana ndị dị otú ahụ conc. òtù dị ka "Concerts S. A. Koussevitzky" (1909-1914), "Concerts nke A.

Mgbanwe ndị bụ isi na conc. ihe omume mere na USSR, ebe nzukọ na idu ndú nke conc. ndu di n'aka ndi socialist. steeti-va. Na mbụ post-revolutionary N'ime afọ ndị dị otú ahụ ọhụrụ uka ụdị nke concerts bilitere dị ka a concert nzukọ, "Corporation of Artists - Soloists nke Bolshoi T-ra" na Moscow, Leningrad. ukwe. ugwu olimpiks. egwu amateur arụmọrụ (nke mbụ e mere na 1927, ruo 100000 ndị na-egwu egwu sonyere na ụfọdụ). Ntuziaka conc. ndụ na USSR na-elekwasị anya na steeti. òtù egwu - Soyuzconcert, Rosconcert, Ukrconcert na ndị ọzọ, Republic, mpaghara na obodo. philharmonics. N'ọrụ ya, ikwiikwii conc. òtù dị iche iche dabere na ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ. Ihe omume egwu-agụmakwụkwọ na omenala na-ebute ụzọ. Iji. na-ahaziri ọ bụghị naanị na conc. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke nnukwu obodo, ma na obere obodo, na klọb, ụlọ nke omenala na ogbako nke osisi na ụlọ mmepụta ihe, na steeti ugbo, mkpokọta ugbo. Ndị otu philharmonic na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ egwu na nkuzi n'etiti ndị na-ege ntị. A na-ebipụta mmemme K. nkọwapụta, na-ebipụta broshuọ (iji nyere onye na-ege ntị aka), na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Philharmonics nwere ụlọ nkuzi na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị otu philharmonic nwere ndị otu soloist nke mbụ na ndị otu na-eme egwuregwu bụ ndị meriri ama ama ụwa: State Symphony Orchestra nke USSR, Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, Moscow. Chamber Orchestra (tọrọ ntọala na 1956), Symphony Orchestra nke Leningrad Philharmonic, State Academic Russian Choir nke USSR, Republican Russian Choir, eriri Quartet. Borodin (tọrọ ntọala na 1945);

References: Albrecht E., nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọrụ St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society, St. Petersburg, 1884; Imperial Russian Musical Society. Alaka Moscow. Nzukọ Symphony 1-500. Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ, M., 1899; 100th ncheta nke St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. 1802-1902, St. Petersburg, 1902 (ya na ndepụta mmemme maka egwu egwu egwu); okirikiri ndị hụrụ Russian music. X (1896-1906), M., 1906 (ya na ndepụta nke mmemme egwu); Findeizen NF, Essay na ọrụ nke ngalaba St. Petersburg nke Imperial Russian Musical Society (1859-1909), St. Petersburg concert nke A. Siloti. Mmemme ihe nkiri maka oge iri (1909/1903-1904/1912), St. Petersburg, 1913; State Academy Philharmonic Society (Leningrad). Afọ iri nke egwu symphonic. 1913-1917, L., 1927 (ya na ndepụta mmemme); Leningrad Philharmonic. Akụkọ. Ihe ncheta. Akụrụngwa, (sb.), L., 1928; Moscow State Philharmonic, M., 1972; Elwart AAE, Histoire de la Société des concerts du Conservatoire imperial de musique, P., 1973; Deldever EME, Histoire des concerts populaires, P., 1860; Brenet M. (Babilljer M.), Les concerts en France sous l Ancien régime, P., 1864; Rierre C., Le concert spirituel 1900 na 1725, P., 1790; Bekker P., Das deutsche Musikleben, Stuttg. - V., 1900; Dandelot A., La Société des concerts du Conservatoire de 1916 a 1828, P., 1923; Meyer K., Das Konzert, ein Führer, Stuttg., 1923; Preussner E., Die bürgerliche Musikkultur, Hamb., 1925, “Kassel-Basel, 1935; Van der Wall W., Liepmann SM, Musik na ụlọ ọrụ, NY, 1954; Maugé G., Concert, P., 1936; Gerhardt E., Recital, L., 1937; Bauer R., Das Konzert, B., 1953.

IM Yampolsky