Martti Talvela (Martti Talvela) |

Martti Talvela

Finland enyela ụwa ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-agụ egwú, site na akụkọ ifo Aino Akte ruo kpakpando Karita Mattila. Ma onye na-agụ egwú Finnish bụ nke mbụ na bass, omenala ịbụ abụ Finnish sitere na Kim Borg na-ebufe site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ na basses. Megide Mediterranean "ndị tenors atọ", Holland debere countertenors atọ, Finland - bass atọ: Matti Salminen, Jaakko Ryuhanen na Johan Tilly dekọtara diski yiri ya ọnụ. N'ime usoro ọdịnala a, Martti Talvela bụ njikọ ọla edo.

Oge ochie Finnish bass n'ọdịdị, ụdị olu, repertoire, taa, afọ iri na abụọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ bụlarị akụkọ ifo nke opera Finnish.

A mụrụ Martti Olavi Talvela na February 4, 1935 na Karelia, na Hiitol. Ma ezinụlọ ya ebighị n'ebe ahụ ruo ogologo oge, n'ihi na n'ihi nke "oyi agha" nke 1939-1940, akụkụ a nke Karelia ghọrọ a mechiri emechi ókè mpaghara na n'ókèala nke Soviet Union. Onye na-agụ egwú enwebeghị ike ịga leta obodo ya ọzọ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ gara Russia ihe karịrị otu ugboro. Na Moscow, a nụrụ ya na 1976, mgbe ọ rụrụ na concert na ememe nke 200th ncheta nke Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Mgbe ahụ, otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ bịara ọzọ, bụrụ abụ na ngosi nke ihe nkiri nke ndị eze abụọ - Boris na Philip.

Ọrụ mbụ Talvela bụ onye nkuzi. Site n'ọchịchọ nke akara aka, ọ natara diplọma onye nkụzi n'obodo Savonlinna, ebe n'ọdịnihu ọ ga-abụ abụ nke ukwuu na ogologo oge na-eduga kasị ibu opera ememme na Scandinavia. Ọrụ ịbụ abụ ya malitere na 1960 site na mmeri na asọmpi na obodo Vasa. N'ịbụ onye mere mpụta mbụ ya n'otu afọ ahụ na Stockholm dị ka Sparafucile, Talvela bụrụ abụ n'ebe ahụ maka afọ abụọ na Royal Opera, ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya.

Ọrụ mba ụwa nke Martti Talvela malitere ngwa ngwa - nnukwu onye Finnish ghọrọ ihe mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ ozugbo. Na 1962, ọ rụrụ na Bayreuth dị ka Titurel - na Bayreuth ghọrọ otu n'ime ya isi n'oge okpomọkụ obibi. Na 1963 ọ bụ Grand Inquisitor na La Scala, na 1965 ọ bụ Eze Heinrich na Vienna Staatsoper, na 19 ọ bụ Hunding na Salzburg, na 7 ọ bụ Grand Inquisitor na Met. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ, isi ihe nkiri ya bụ Deutsche Oper na Metropolitan Opera, na akụkụ ndị bụ isi bụ ndị eze Wagnerian Mark na Daland, Verdi's Philip na Fiesco, Mozart's Sarastro.

Talvela bụrụ abụ na ndị isi nduzi nke oge ya - ya na Karajan, Solti, Knappertsbusch, Levine, Abbado. Ekwesịrị ịpụta Karl Böhm karịsịa - Talvela nwere ike ịkpọ ya onye na-abụ abụ Böhm. Ọbụghị naanị n'ihi na bass Finnish na-arụkarị ọrụ na Böhm wee soro ya mee ọtụtụ opera kacha mma na oratori: Fidelio na Gwyneth Jones, Oge anọ na Gundula Janowitz, Don Giovanni na Fischer-Dieskau, Birgit Nilsson na Martina Arroyo, Rhine Gold. , Tristan und Isolde na Birgit Nilsson, Wolfgang Windgassen na Christa Ludwig. Ndị na-egwu egwu abụọ a dị ezigbo nso na ụzọ ha si arụ ọrụ, ụdị okwu ahụ, chọtara kpọmkwem ngwakọta nke ume na njide, ụfọdụ ụdị ọchịchọ ebumpụta ụwa maka classicism, maka ihe ngosi arụmọrụ na-enweghị atụ, nke onye ọ bụla wuru n'onwe ya. ókèala.

Mmeri ndị mba ọzọ nke Talvela zara n'ụlọ na ihe karịrị nkwanye ùgwù kpuru ìsì maka onye obodo ahụ ama ama. Maka Finland, afọ ọrụ Talvela bụ afọ nke "opera boom". Nke a abụghị naanị uto nke ndị na-ege ntị na ikiri ọha na eze, ọmụmụ nke obere ụlọ ọrụ ọkara nke onwe n'ọtụtụ obodo na obodo, ọganihu nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ụda olu, mmalite nke ọgbọ dum nke ndị na-eduzi opera. Nke a bụkwa arụpụtaghị ihe nke ndị na-ede egwú, bụ nke ghọworo nke ọma, na-egosipụta onwe ya. N'afọ 2000, na mba nke mmadụ 5 nde mmadụ, 16 premieres nke ọhụrụ operas mere - ọrụ ebube na-akpali anyaụfụ. N'ezie na o mere, Martti Talvela rụrụ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama - site na ihe atụ ya, ewu ewu ya, amụma amamihe ya na Savonlinna.

Ememme opera nke okpomọkụ na ogige Olavinlinna dị afọ 500, nke obodo Savonlinna gbara ya gburugburu, malitere azụ na 1907 site n'aka Aino Akte. Kemgbe ahụ, a kwụsịrị ya, wee maliteghachi ya, na-alụ ọgụ na mmiri ozuzo, ifufe (ọ dịghị ụlọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'elu ogige ahụ e wusiri ike ebe a na-eme ihe ngosi ruo n'oge okpomọkụ gara aga) na nsogbu ego na-adịghị agwụ agwụ - ọ dịghị mfe ịchịkọta ndị na-ege egwu opera. n'etiti oke ohia na ọdọ mmiri. Talvela weghaara ememme ahụ na 1972 wee duzie ya afọ asatọ. Nke a bụ oge dị mkpa; Savonlinna bụ opera mecca nke Scandinavia kemgbe ahụ. Talvela mere ebe a dị ka onye na-ede egwuregwu, nyere ememme ahụ akụkụ nke mba ụwa, gụnyere ya na ọnọdụ opera ụwa. Nsonaazụ nke a amụma bụ ewu ewu nke arụmọrụ na ebe e wusiri ike n'ebe dị anya n'ofe ókè nke Finland, mbata nke njem nleta, nke taa ana achi achi ememe kwụsiri ike ịdị adị.

Na Savonlinna, Talvela bụrụ abụ ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya kacha mma: Boris Godunov, onye amụma Paavo na Ọnwụnwa Ikpeazụ nke Jonas Kokkonen. Na ọzọ iconic ọrụ: Sarastro. Mmepụta nke The Magic Flute, nke e mere na Savonlinna na 1973 site n'aka onye nduzi August Everding na onye nduzi Ulf Söderblom, aghọwo otu n'ime akara ngosi nke ememme ahụ. Na repertoire nke taa, Flute bụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma nke a ka na-atụgharị (n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mmepụta ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na-ebi ebe a ihe karịrị afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ). Talvela-Sarastro na-adọrọ adọrọ na uwe mwụda oroma, nke nwere anyanwụ dị n'obi ya, a na-ahụ ya ugbu a dị ka nna ochie nke Savonlinna, ma ọ dị afọ 38 mgbe ahụ (ọ bụrụ abụ Titurel na 27)! N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, a na-emepụta echiche Talvel dị ka nnukwu ihe mgbochi, nke a na-apụghị imeghari, dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ mgbidi na ụlọ elu nke Olavinlinna. Echiche ahụ bụ ụgha. Ọ dabara nke ọma, enwere vidiyo nke onye na-ese ihe mara mma na nke nwere nnukwu mmeghachi omume ozugbo. Na e nwere audio ndekọ na-enye ezi image nke na-agụ egwú, karịsịa na ụlọ repertoire - Martti Talvela bụrụ abụ ụlọ music bụghị site n'oge ruo n'oge, n'etiti ihe nkiri engagements, ma mgbe niile, nọgidere na-enye concerts n'ụwa nile. Ihe ndekọ ya gụnyere egwu Sibelius, Brahms, Wolf, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff. Oleekwa otú ị ga-esi bụrụ abụ iji merie Vienna na egwu Schubert na etiti 1960? Ma eleghị anya, otú o mesịrị dekọọ Njem Oyiyi na pianist Ralph Gotoni (1983). Talvela na-egosi ebe a mgbanwe nke nwamba nke innation, nghọta dị ịtụnanya na ọsọ mmeghachi omume dị ịtụnanya na nkọwa kacha nta nke ederede egwu. Na nnukwu ume. Na-ege ntị na ndekọ a, ị na-enwe mmetụta anụ ahụ ka o si eduzi pianist. Ebumnuche dị n'azụ ya, ịgụ akwụkwọ, edemede okwu, ụdị na ihe nkiri si n'aka ya, na n'ihe ọ bụla ndetu nke nkọwa a na-akpali akpali mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ amamihe amamihe nke na-ekewa Talvela mgbe niile.

Otu n'ime ihe osise kacha mma nke onye na-agụ egwú bụ enyi ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya Yevgeny Nestrenko. Ozugbo Nesterenko na-eleta bass Finnish n'ụlọ ya na Inkilyanhovi. N'ebe ahụ, n'ikpere mmiri ahụ, e nwere "ụlọ ịsa ahụ ojii", nke e wuru ihe dị ka afọ 150 gara aga: "Anyị na-asa ahụ ọkụ, mgbe ahụ, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, anyị na-enwe mkparịta ụka. Anyị na-anọdụ n'elu nkume, ndị ikom abụọ gba ọtọ. Anyị na-ekwukwa. Gbasara Gịnị? Nke ahụ bụ isi ihe! Martti na-ajụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu m si akọwa Symphony nke iri na anọ nke Shostakovich. Na ebe a bụ egwu Mussorgsky na egwu ọnwụ: ị nwere ndekọ abụọ - nke mbụ i mere n'ụzọ dị otú a, na nke abụọ n'ụzọ ọzọ. Gịnị mere, gịnị na-akọwa ya. Were gabazie. A na m ekwupụta na na ndụ m enweghị m ohere iso ndị ọbụ abụ kparịta maka nka. Anyị na-ekwu banyere ihe ọ bụla, ma ọ bụghị banyere nsogbu nke nkà. Ma anyị na Martti anyị kwurịtara ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nka! Ọzọkwa, anyị anaghị ekwu maka otu esi eme ihe na nkà na ụzụ, ka mma ma ọ bụ dị njọ, kama banyere ọdịnaya. Otú a ka anyị si nọrọ oge mgbe anyị sachara ahụ́.”

Ikekwe nke a bụ ihe oyiyi kachasị mma - mkparịta ụka banyere ihe nkiri Shostakovich na bath Finnish. N'ihi na Martti Talvela, ya na nghọta ya na nnukwu omenala ya, n'ịbụ abụ ya jikọtara nlezianya German nke ngosi nke ederede na cantilena Italian, nọgidere bụrụ onye dịtụ egwu na ụwa opera. A na-eji ihe oyiyi ya nke ọma mee ihe na "Abduction from the Seraglio" nke August Everding duziri, ebe Talvela na-abụ Osmina. Kedu ihe jikọrọ Turkey na Karelia? Ọpụpụ. Ọ nwere ihe mbụ, dị ike, nke na-adịghị mma na ihe jọgburu onwe ya gbasara Osmin Talvely, ọnọdụ ya na Blondchen bụ ọmarịcha ihe osise.

Nke a dị egwu maka West, ihe oyiyi obi ọjọọ, na-eso onye na-agụ egwú na-adịbeghị anya, akwụsịghị kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya karị, na-esote ọrụ Wagnerian, Mozartian, Verdiian, ọrụ nke "Russian bass" siri ike. N'afọ ndị 1960 ma ọ bụ 1970, a na-anụ Talvela na Metropolitan Opera n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ bụla: mgbe ụfọdụ ọ bụ nnukwu onye nyocha na Don Carlos n'okpuru baton nke Abbado ( Nikolai Gyaurov na-abụ Philippa, a nabatara bass duet ha n'otu n'otu dị ka onye. classic) , mgbe ahụ, ya na Teresa Stratas na Nikolai Gedda, pụtara na Bartered Bride nke Levine duziri. Ma n'ime oge anọ ikpeazụ ya Talvela bịara New York naanị maka aha atọ: Khovanshchina (ya na Neeme Jarvi), Parsifal (ya na Levine), Khovanshchina ọzọ na Boris Godunov (ya na Conlon). Dositheus, Titurel na Boris. Ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na "Met" na-ejedebe na ndị otu Russia abụọ.

Na December 16, 1974 Talvela na-abụ abụ Boris Godunov na Metropolitan Opera. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ wee tụgharịa gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Mussorgsky maka oge mbụ (Thomas Schippers na-eduzi). Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, e dekọrọ mbipụta a nke mbụ na Katowice, nke Jerzy Semkow duziri. Ndị otu Polish gbara ya gburugburu, Martti Talvela bụrụ Boris, Nikolai Gedda bụrụ abụ Pretender.

Ntinye a na-adọrọ mmasị nke ukwuu. Ha ejirila mkpebi siri ike na enweghị mgbagha laghachi na ụdị onye edemede ahụ, ma ha ka na-abụ abụ ma na-egwu egwu dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ aka Rimsky-Korsakov dere akara ahụ. Ụda na ukwe na-ada nke ọma combed, juru eju, zuru oke zuru oke, cantilena na-abụ abụ nke ukwuu, na Semkov mgbe mgbe, karịsịa na ihe nkiri Polish, na-adọkpụrụ ihe niile ma na-adọpụta oge. Ọdịmma agụmakwụkwọ "Central European" na-agbawa onye ọ bụla ọzọ karịa Martti Talvela. Ọ na-ewuli akụkụ ya ọzọ, dị ka onye na-ede egwuregwu. N'ebe a na-agbachi agbachi, ụda bass regal na-ada - miri emi, ọchịchịrị, ụda. Na ntakịrị nke "agba mba": ntakịrị ihe na-akụda mmụọ, na nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ "Na n'ebe ahụ ịkpọ ndị mmadụ oriri" - ike dị egwu. Mana Talvela kewara ma ndị eze na nkwuwa okwu n'ụzọ dị mfe na enweghị akwa ụta. Ozugbo Boris zutere Shuisky ihu na ihu, ụzọ na-agbanwe nke ukwuu. Nke a abụghịdị “okwu” Chaliapin, egwu egwu Talvela - kama Sprechgesang. Talvela na-amalite ozugbo na Shuisky na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ukwuu, ọ bụghị maka nke abụọ na-ebelata okpomọkụ. Gịnị ga-eme ọzọ? Ọzọkwa, mgbe chimes na-amalite igwu egwu, phantasmagoria zuru oke na mmụọ nke nkwupụta ga-amalite, na Jerzy Semkov, bụ onye na-agbanwe n'amaghị ama na ihe nkiri na Talvela-Boris, ga-enye anyị Mussorgsky dị otú ahụ dị ka anyị maara taa - na-enweghị obere aka. nkezi agụmakwụkwọ.

Gburugburu ebe a bụ ihe nkiri dị n'ime ụlọ ya na Xenia na Theodore, yana ọnọdụ ọnwụ (ọzọ na Theodore), nke Talvela na-ejikọta ibe ya n'ụzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe na timbre nke olu ya, ụtọ ahụ pụrụ iche nke ụda, ihe nzuzo ya. o nwere. Site n'ichepụta na ijikọ ibe ya na ihe nkiri Boris na ụmụaka, ọ dị ka ọ na-enye tsar àgwà nke onwe ya. Na n'ikpeazụ, ọ na-achụ àjà ịma mma na njupụta nke elu "E" (nke o nwere dị ebube, n'otu oge ahụ ìhè na zuru) n'ihi eziokwu nke ihe oyiyi ... Na site Boris okwu, mba, mba, ee, “akụkọ” nke Wagner na-aga n'ihu - otu onye na-echeta n'amaghị ama na Mussorgsky ji obi ya mee ihe ngosi nke Wotan ga-aga nke ọma na Brunnhilde.

N'ime ndị bassists Western nke taa bụ ndị na-abụ ọtụtụ Mussorgsky, Robert Hall nwere ike dị nso na Talvela: otu ọchịchọ ahụ, otu ebumnuche ahụ, ileba anya n'ime okwu ọ bụla, otu ike nke ma ndị na-abụ abụ na-achọ ihe ọ pụtara ma gbanwee ụda olu. Ọmụma amamihe Talvela manyere ya ka ọ nyochaa nkọwa niile nke ọrụ ahụ na nyocha.

Mgbe basses ndị Russia ka na-adịkarịghị arụ ọrụ na West, Martti Talvela yiri ka ọ nọchiri ha na mbinye aka ya na akụkụ Russia. O nwere data pụrụ iche maka nke a - nnukwu uto, ụlọ dị ike, nnukwu olu, olu gbara ọchịchịrị. Nkọwa ya na-agba akaebe ruo n'ókè ọ banyere ihe nzuzo nke Chaliapin - Yevgeny Nesterenko agwala anyị otú Martti Talvela si nwee ike ige ntị na ndekọ nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya. Otu nwoke nke omenala Europe na onye na-agụ egwú nke maara nke ọma usoro European zuru ụwa ọnụ, Talvela nwere ike itinye nrọ anyị nke ezigbo bass Russia na ihe dị mma, nke zuru oke karịa ndị obodo anyị nwere ike ime. Ma mgbe niile, a mụrụ ya na Karelia, na n'ókèala nke mbụ Russian Alaeze Ukwu na ugbu a Russian Federation, na obere akụkọ ihe mere eme oge mgbe ala a bụ Finnish.

Anna Bulycheva, Nnukwu Magazin nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Bolshoi, Nke 2, 2001