Ụlọ nchekwa |

ital. conservatorio, French conservatoire, eng. ụlọ nchekwa, germ. Konservatorium, sitere na lat. conservare - iji chebe

Na mbụ, a na-akpọ K. ugwu na Ịtali. ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ mgbei na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ebe a na-akụziri ụmụaka nka nka, yana egwu egwu, ọkachasị ịbụ abụ (iji zụọ ndị na-abụ abụ maka ndị ukwe ụka). Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ na 1537 na Naples - "Santa Maria di Loreto". Na narị afọ nke 16, e meghere ebe nchekwa 3 na Naples: "Pieta dei Turchini", "Dei believe di Gesu Cristo" na "Sant'Onofrio a Capuana". Na narị afọ nke 17 nkuzi egwu were DOS. ebe na nkuzi nke umuaka. Ndị ụlọ nchekwa ahụ zụkwara ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-agụ egwú. Na 1797 "Santa Maria di Loreto" na "Sant'Onofrio" jikọtara, nata aha. K. “Loreto a Capuana”. N'afọ 1806, ụlọ ụmụ mgbei abụọ fọdụrụ na ya sonyeere ya, na-etolite Eze. music College, emesia King. K. “San Pietro na Maiella”.

Na Venice, ụlọ ọrụ nke ụdị a. ospedale (ya bụ, ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ụmụ mgbei, ebe ụmụ mgbei maka ndị ogbenye, ndị ọrịa). Na narị afọ nke 16 ama ama: "Della Pieta", "Dei Mendicanti", "Incurabili" na ospedaletto (naanị maka ụmụ agbọghọ) "Santi Giovanni e Paolo". Na narị afọ nke 18, ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị a adalatala. Tọrọ ntọala na 1877, Benedetto Marcello Society mepere egwu na Venice. The lyceum, nke ghọrọ steeti lyceum na 1895, edoro na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1916, na 1940 ọ ghọrọ a State Lyceum. K. im. Benedetto Marcelo.

Na Rome na 1566, Palestrina tọrọ ntọala ọgbakọ (obodo) nke ndị na-egwu egwu, site na 1838 - Academy (nke dị na chọọchị dị iche iche, gụnyere Basilica nke Santa Cecilia). Na 1876, na Academy "Santa Cecilia" meghere music. lyceum (ebe 1919 K. "Santa Cecilia").

Na narị afọ nke 18 Italy. K., ebe ndị mba ọzọ gụkwara akwụkwọ, keerelarị òkè dị ukwuu na ọzụzụ nke ndị na-ede egwú na ndị na-egwu egwu. N'ihi mkpa na-eto eto maka ọzụzụ nke prof. ndị na-egwu egwu n'ọtụtụ mba Zap. Europe na narị afọ nke 18 enwere egwu pụrụ iche uch. ụlọ ọrụ. Otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mbụ nke ụdị a bụ Eze. ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịbụ abụ na ịgụgharị na Paris (ahaziri na 1784 na Royal Academy of Music; na 1793 ọ jikọtara ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nke National Guard, na-emepụta National Music Institute, site na 1795 ngalaba nke Music na Recitation). (Na 1896, e meghekwara Schola Cantorum na Paris.) Na 1771, Eze malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Stockholm. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Egwu Elu (site na 1880 Academy of Music, site na 1940 K.)

Ụfọdụ egwu. uch. ụlọ ọrụ dị ka K. a na-akpọ agụmakwụkwọ, muses. in-tami, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu nke egwu, lyceums, kọleji. Na narị afọ nke 19, e kere ọtụtụ klọb: na Bologna (na 1804 Music Lyceum, na 1914 ọ nwetara ọkwa nke klọb, na 1925, aha ya bụ G. B. Martini, kemgbe 1942 State K. aha ya bụ G. B. Martini), Berlin (na 1804 ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịbụ abụ, nke C. F. Zelter, n'otu ebe na 1820 a pụrụ iche izi alụmdi tọrọ ntọala ya, si 1822 Institute maka ọzụzụ nke organists na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkụzi nke music, si 1875 Royal Institute of Church Music, si 1922 na State Academy of Church na School Music, na 1933-45 Higher School of Musical Education, wee tinye ya na Higher School of Music, n'otu obodo ahụ na 1850, tọrọ ntọala Y. Stern, emesia Stern Conservatory, mgbe Obodo K. (na West Berlin), n'otu ebe na 2 Higher School of Music, nke J. Joachim, n'otu ebe na 1869 na State K., emesia Higher School of Music aha ya bụ X. Eisler), Milan (na 1950 ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, kemgbe 1808 G. Verdi C.), Florence (na 1908 ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Academy of Arts, site na 1811 Music Institute, si 1849 Music School, si 1851 King of Music. in-t, kemgbe 1860 K. ha. L. Cherubini), Prague (1912; n'otu ebe na 1811 Academy of Arts, nke nwere ngalaba nke music), Brussels (na 1948 na Musical School e, na 1812 na ya isi Korol. ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịbụ abụ, site na 1823 K.), Warsaw (na 1832, ngalaba egwu na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Drama, na 1814 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Music na Dramatic Arts; n'otu ebe ahụ na 1816 na ndabere nke ngalaba nke nkà na nkà na nkà mmụta sayensị). Institute of Music and Recitation, site n'otu afọ K., site na 1821 Music Institute), Vienna (na 1861 na ntinye nke Society of Friends of Music - Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Abụ, site na 1817 K., site na 1821 Academy of Music and Stage Performance). . Art-va), Parkhme (na 1908 Choir School, site na 1818 Institute of Arts and Crafts, site na 1821 Carmine Music School, site na 1831 K. aha ya bụ A. Boito), London (1888, Royal Academy of Music), The Hague (na 1822 King's Music School, si 1826 K.), Liege (1908), Zagreb (na 1827 na Musikverein Society, si 1827 na People's Land Music Institute, mgbe e mesịrị - Croatian Music Institute). in-t, site na 1861 na Music Academy, n'otu ebe na 1922 music ụlọ akwụkwọ, tọrọ ntọala site Musikverein Society, si 1829 Music School nke Croatian Music Institute si 1870 K., si 1916 State K.), Genoa ( na 1921 na Music Lyceum, emesia Music Lyceum aha ya bụ N. Paganini), Madrid (na 1829, site na 1830 K. egwu na ịgụgharị), Geneva (na 1919), Lisbon (1835, Nat. K.), Budapest (na 1836 National K., site na 1840 National Music School, Vpos na-esote National K. ha. B. Bartok; N'otu ebe ahụ na 1867 Academy of Music, ebe ọ bụ na 1875 Higher School of Music. kpe ha ikpe. F. Liszt), Rio de Janeiro (na 1918 Eze K., si 1841 National Music Institute, na 1890 ghọrọ akụkụ nke mahadum, si 1931 na National School of Music Bras. Mahadum; e nwekwara na 1937 na Braz. K., n'otu ebe ahụ na 1940 National K. Choral Abụ, n'otu ebe na 1942 na Braz. Ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu egwu aha ya bụ O. L. Fernandis), Lucca (1945, emesia A. Boccherini), Leipzig (1842, nke F. Mendelssohn, sitere na 1843 King K., site na 1876 Higher School of Music, na 1941 n'okpuru ya - F. Mendelssohn Academy), Munich (na 1945 the Higher School of Music, site na 1846 K.

N'ala nke abụọ. Netwọk nke narị afọ nke 2 K. abawanyela nke ukwuu. E mepere K. na Darmstadt (na 19 ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, site na 1851 State K.), Boston (1922), Stuttgart (1853, site na 1856 Eze K.), Dresden (na 1896 Higher School of Music, site na 1856 Eze K., site na 1918 State K.), Bucharest (1937, e mesịa C. Porumbescu K.), Luxembourg (1864), Copenhagen (na 1864 Royal Danish K., si 1867 Copenhagen K., si 1902 State. K.), Turin (na 1948 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music, site na 1867 na Lyceum, site na 1925 G. Verdi Conservatory), Antwerp (1935, site na 1867 na Royal Flemish K.), Basel (na 1898 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music, site na 1867 Academy) nke Music), Baltimore na Chicago (1905), Montreal (1868), Frankfurt am Main (1876, Higher School of Music), Brno (1878, nke Brno Conversation Society tọrọ ntọala, na 1881 merged na Organ School, hiwere na 1919). site na Yednota Society, ebe ọ bụ na 1882 site na State K.; n'otu ebe na 1920 Academy of Music na Dramatic Arts, ebe 1947 aha ya bụ L. Janacek), Pesaro (na 1969 na Music Lyceum, emesia na ., Haziri na efu nke G. Rossini, na-ebu aha ya), Bogota (na 1882 na National Academy of Music, ebe 1882 na National K.), Helsinki (na 1910 na Music School, ebe 1882 K., ebe 1924 Academy ha. Sibelius), Adelaide (na 1939 kọleji egwu, mechara K.), Amsterdam (1883), Karlsruhe (na 1884 Baden Higher School of Music, site na 1884 K.), Havana (1929), Toronto (1835), Buenos Aires ( 1886), Belgrade (na 1893 ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu Serbian, kemgbe 1899 Academy of Music), na obodo ndị ọzọ.

Na narị afọ nke 20 K. e kere na Sofia (na 1904 ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nkeonwe, ebe ọ bụ na 1912 State Musical School, ebe ọ bụ na 1921 Musical Academy na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na nke elu, na 1947 Ekewapụ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Higher Musical na ya, ebe 1954 . ), La Paz (1908), Sao Paulo (1909, K. Drama and Music), Melbourne (na 1900s, dabeere na music ụlọ akwụkwọ, e mesịrị K. aha ya bụ N. Melba), Sydney (1914), Tehran (1918). , maka ọmụmụ nke European music; n'otu ebe na 1949, National K., kere na ndabere nke Higher Musical School, meghere na mmalite 30s), Bratislava (na 1919, Musical School, na 1926 Academy of Egwu na ihe nkiri, site na 1941 K.; n'otu ebe, na 1949, Higher School of Musical Arts), Cairo (na 1925 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Oriental Music, na ndabere nke Musical Club, nke bilitere na 1814, ebe 1929). t nke Arabic music, n'otu ebe na 1935 Women's Music Institute, n'otu ebe na 1944 Higher School of Music, n'otu ebe na 1959. na Cairo National C., n'otu ebe na 1969 Academy of Arts, nke jikọrọ 5 institutes, gụnyere K. na Institute of Arabic Music), Baghdad (1940, Academy of Fine Arts, nke nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere music. ; N'otu ebe ahụ na 1968, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music maka ụmụaka nwere onyinye), Beirut (K. na Ak Academy of Fine Arts), Jerusalem (1947, Academy of Music. Rubin), Pyongyang (1949), Tel Aviv (Heb. K. – “Sulamith-K.”), Tokyo (1949, National University of Fine Arts and Music), Hanoi (na 1955 ọzọ, kemgbe 1962 K.), Surakarta (1960), Accra (Academy of Music na a 2-afọ N'ezie). nke ọmụmụ), Nairobi (1944, East African K.), Algiers (National Institute of Music, nke nwekwara ngalaba pedagogical), Rabat (National Committee of Music, Dance and Dramatic Arts), wdg.

Na obodo ndị isi obodo, yana ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke steeti nwere. uch. ụlọ ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ. na Paris - "Ecole nkịtị" (1918). Na mba ụfọdụ, K. bụ nkezi akaụntụ. ụlọ ọrụ nke ụdị dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Czechoslovakia, yana ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na Prague, Brno na Higher School of Musical Arts na Bratislava, ọ na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu 10 K., n'ezie ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu).

Oge ọmụmụ, nhazi na akaụntụ. atụmatụ maka K., ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu nke egwu, agụmakwụkwọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ, kọleji na lyceum abụghị otu ụdị. Mn. n'ime ha nwere ngalaba nke obere, ebe a na-anabata ụmụ akwụkwọ afọ ụmụaka. N'ọtụtụ mba, ọ bụ naanị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị nkuzi na-eme ọzụzụ na ndị na-ede egwú ka a zụrụ azụ n'egwú oge gboo. Ndị ọkà mmụta egwu (ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị) na-azụ na egwu. f-max mahadum. Na ihe niile dị iche na ntọala nke akaụntụ. usoro na muses niile. uch. ụlọ ọrụ na-enye klaasị na ọpụrụiche, egwu-usoro iwu. isiokwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke music.

Na Russia, egwu pụrụ iche uch. ụlọ ọrụ pụtara na narị afọ nke 18. (lee nkuzi egwu). Nke mbụ K. ka e kere na 60s. Narị afọ nke 19, na ọnọdụ nke ịrị elu nke mba. Omenala Russia na mmepe onye kwuo uche ya. mmegharị. RMO meghere St. Petersburg Conservatory na 1862 na ntinye nke AG Rubinshtein, na na 1866, na ntinye nke NG Rubinshtein, Moscow Conservatory. Ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na ihe nkiri nke Moscow Philharmonic Society (meghere na 1886) nwekwara mmasị na ikike nke K. (ebe 1883). Na con. 19 - arịọ arịrịọ. E kere ihe ngosi nka nke narị afọ nke 20 n'obodo dị iche iche nke Russia. uch-scha, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka e mechara gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ K., gụnyere. na Saratov (1912), Kyiv na Odessa (1913). ọrụ dị mkpa na mgbasa ozi egwu. Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọha na-egwuri egwu n'usoro. Nke mbụ n'ime ha meghere na Moscow (1906); K. na St. Petersburg, Kazan, Saratov.

N'agbanyeghị ihe a rụzuru na ngalaba egwu. na-azụlite n'ezie ndị mmadụ. egwu uka. agụmakwụkwọ na nghọta wee kwe omume naanị mgbe Great Oct. socialist. mgbanwe. Site n'iwu nke Council of People's Commissars nke RSFSR ụbọchị July 12, 1918, Petrograd na Moskovskaya K. (na ndị ọzọ) na-agafere na ikike nke People's Commissariat of Education na equated na niile elu agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ. ụlọ ọrụ. N'ime afọ nke Soviet ike netwọk K. na na-comrade nkà na muses. f-tami gbasaa.

Ruo mgbe Great Oct. socialist. mgbanwe na Rọshịa gụnyere ngalaba ndị obere na ndị agadi. Na USSR, K. bụ agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. ụlọ ọrụ ebe a na-anabata ndị nwere onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na muses. agụmakwụkwọ. K. na in-gi na-azụ ma ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-ede egwú, na ndị ọkà mmụta egwu. Emebere usoro ọmụmụ na K. na in-ta maka afọ 5 ma na-enye usoro mmụta zuru oke. na nkwadebe bara uru nke onye egwu maka prof. ihe omume. Nnukwu ebe na atụmatụ enyere maka ịrụ ọrụ na nkuzi. omume nke ụmụ akwụkwọ. Na mgbakwunye na usoro egwu pụrụ iche, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amụ socio-political. sayensị, akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-egosi. ikpe, asụsụ mba ọzọ. Egwu dị elu. uch. ụlọ ọrụ nwere f-gị: usoro iwu na mwepu (na ngalaba nke akụkọ ihe mere eme-theoretical na composing), piano, orchestral, olu, onye na-eduzi-choral, nar. ngwá ọrụ; n'ọtụtụ K. nwekwara - ngalaba nke opera na egwu egwu. ndị nduzi. N'okpuru ọtụtụ mgbede K. na ngalaba akwụkwọ ozi ahaziri.

Na uch kacha elu. ọmụmụ postgraduate (ndị na-eme nchọpụta ọzụzụ na ngalaba nke tiori na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu) na ndị enyemaka (ọrụ maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-ede egwú, na ndị nkụzi) ka emepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ. Mn. K. na in-ị nwere ndị pụrụ iche. music afọ iri ụlọ akwụkwọ na-azụ cadres maka elu muses. uch. ụlọ ọrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Central Secondary Special Music School na Moscow K., Moscow Gnessin Secondary Music School, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Afọ Iri na Leningrad K., wdg).

Ihe ngosi dị elu na-arụ ọrụ na USSR. uch. ụlọ ọrụ: na Alma-Ata (na 1944 K., kemgbe 1963 Kazakh. Institute, kemgbe 1973 K. Aha ya bụ Kurmangazy), Astrakhan (na 1969, Astrakhan K., bilitere na ndabere nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu), Baku (na 1901 na klas egwu nke RMO, site na 1916 ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu nke RMO, site na 1920 ndị mmadụ Republic of Kazakhstan, site na 1921 Omenala Azerbaijan, site na 1948 Omenala Azerbaijan nke akpọrọ aha U. Gadzhibekov), Vilnius (na 1945 Vilniusskaya Culture, na 1949 jikọtara na Kaunas K., nke e kere na 1933, na-akpọ K. Lithuania SSR), Gorky (1946, Gorkovskaya K. aha ya bụ M. I. Glinka), Donetsk (1968, Donetsk music-pedagogical Institute, kere na ndabere nke Donetsk alaka ụlọ ọrụ Slavic Pedagogical Institute), Yerevan (na 1921 a music studio, si 1923 K., si 1946 Yerevan K. aha ya bụ Komitas), Kazan (1945, Kazanskaya K.), Kiev (na 1868 Music School, ebe 1883 Music School nke RMO, ebe 1913 K., ebe 1923 Music College; n'otu ebe na 1904 na Music. Schoollọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri, kemgbe 1918 ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri egwu dị elu akpọrọ aha N. V. Lysenko; Chisinau (1934, K., arụghị ọrụ na 1940-1940, kemgbe 1941 Chisinau Institute of Arts nke aha ya bụ G. Muzichesku), Leningrad (45, na ndabere nke music klaasị nke RMO, nke bilitere na 1963), kemgbe 1862 na Leningrad K. ha. N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), Lvov (na 1859, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music na Union of Singing and Music Society, site na 1944 na N. V. Lysenko Music Institute, site na 1903 Higher Music Institute -t ​​aha ya bụ N. V. Lysenko, kemgbe 1904 Lvov Musical College aha ya bụ N. V. Lysenko), Minsk (na 1907 Minsk Musical College, kemgbe 1939 Minsk, ugbu a Belarusian Musical College aha ya bụ A. V. Lunacharsky), Moscow (1924, na ndabere nke music klas nke RMO, nke bilitere na 1932, ebe 1866 Moscow K. aha ya bụ P. I. Tchaikovsky; N'otu ebe na 1860 Gnessin Sisters Music School, ebe 1940 nke Abụọ Moscow State School, ebe 1895 na State Musical teknuzu School, ebe 1919 Gnessin Musical College, na ndabere nke Gnesin Musical Pedagogical Institute tọrọ ntọala na 1920). , Novosibirsk (1925, Novosibirsk M. I. Glinka K.), Odessa (na 1944 Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music, emesia Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music nke RMO, site na 1956 K., site na 1871 Music Institute, na 1913-1923 aha ya bụ L. Beethoven, site na 1927 K., site na 1934 Odessa K. aha ya bụ A. V. Nezhdavo d), Riga (1939, ugbu a K. ha. Ee. Vitola nke Latvian SSR), Rostov-on-Don (Egwu na Pedagogical Institute), Saratov (na 1950, Musical School nke RMO, si 1919 K., na 1895-1912 na Musical College, si 1924 Saratov K. aha ya bụ L. V. Sobinov), Sverdlovsk (35, kemgbe 1935 aha ya bụ M. P. Mussorgsky, kemgbe 1934 Uralsky K. aha ya bụ M. P. Mussorgsky), Tallinn (na 1939, na ndabere nke Tallinn Higher Musical Institute). ụlọ akwụkwọ, ebe 1946 Tallinskaya K.), Tashkent (na 1919 Higher Musical School, ebe 1923 Tashkentskaya K.), Tbilisi (na 1934 Musical akwụkwọ, ebe 1936 Musical akwụkwọ, ebe 1874 K., ebe 1886 Tbilisi K. aha ya bụ V. Sarajishvili), Frunze (1917, Kirghiz Institute of Art), Kharkov (na 1947 Music School, e mesịa Music School nke RMO, si 1967 K., na 1871-1917 Music Academy, na 1920 Music Institute, na 23-1924 Music Institute. nke Drama, na 1924-29 Music Theatre Institute, na 1930 na kemgbe 36 K., na 1936 na ndabere nke K. na Kharkov Institute of Arts tọrọ ntọala site na Kharkov Institute of Arts).

Kemgbe 1953, Intern. Congresses of directors of K. Ebe ọ bụ na 1956, Association of European academies, K. na ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu dị elu.

AA Nikolaev