Cleveland Orchestra |

Cleveland Orchestra

Cleveland Orchestra bụ egwu egwu egwu America nke dabere na Cleveland, Ohio. E hiwere otu egwu egwu na 1918. Ebe ebe a na-egwu egwu egwu egwu bụ Severance Hall. Dị ka ọdịnala malitere na nkatọ egwu America, Cleveland Orchestra bụ nke ndị otu egwu egwu egwu US ise kachasị elu (nke a na-akpọ "Big Five"), ọ bụkwa naanị otu egwu sitere na ise a sitere na obere obodo America.

Onye egwu pianist Adella Prentice Hughes tọrọ ntọala Cleveland Orchestra na 1918. Kemgbe e guzobere ya, ndị egwu egwu a nọ n'okpuru nkwado pụrụ iche nke Association for Arts in Music. Onye nduzi nka mbụ nke Cleveland Orchestra bụ Nikolai Sokolov. Site n'afọ ndị mbụ nke ịdị adị ya, ìgwè ndị egwú ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke United States, na-ekere òkè na mgbasa ozi redio. Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ, ndị egwu egwu malitere ịdekọ mgbe niile.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1931, ndị egwu na-adabere na Ụlọ Nzukọ Severence, nke e wuru na ụgwọ nke onye na-ahụ egwu Cleveland na onye na-ahụ maka enyemaka John Severance. A na-ewere ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri nke oche 1900 dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha mma na United States. Na 1938, Nikolai Sokolov nọchiri anya na onye nduzi nke Artur Rodzinsky, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ìgwè ndị egwú ruo afọ 10. Mgbe ya gasịrị, Erich Leinsdorf duziri ìgwè ndị egwú ahụ ruo afọ atọ.

Oge ezumike nke Cleveland Orchestra malitere na mbata nke onye ndu ya, onye nduzi George Sell. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na post a na 1946 site na nhazigharị nke ndị egwu egwu. A chụrụ ụfọdụ ndị egwú n'ọrụ, ndị ọzọ, na-achọghị ịrụ ọrụ na onye nduzi ọhụrụ, hapụrụ òtù egwú ahụ n'onwe ha. N'afọ ndị 1960, ndị egwu nwere ihe karịrị 100 ndị egwu egwu bụ ndị so na ndị na-egwu egwu kachasị mma na America. N'ihi nkà dị elu nke onye nke ọ bụla n'ime ha, ndị nkatọ dere na Cleveland Orchestra "na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agụ egwú kasị ukwuu." N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ nke ọchịchị George Sell, ndị otu egwu, dị ka ndị nkatọ si kwuo, enwetala "ụda Europe" pụrụ iche nke onwe ya.

Site na mbata nke Sell, ndị otu egwu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na egwu egwu na ndekọ. N'ime afọ ndị a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri kwa afọ ruru 150 kwa oge. N'okpuru George Sell, ndị egwú malitere ịgagharị mba ọzọ. Gụnyere, na 1965, njem ya nke USSR mere. Emere ihe nkiri na Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi na Yerevan.

Mgbe George Sell nwụsịrị na 1970, Pierre Boulez duziri Cleveland Orchestra dị ka onye ndụmọdụ egwu maka afọ 2. N'ọdịnihu, ndị nduzi German a ma ama Lorin Maazel na Christoph von Dohnanyi bụ ndị nduzi nkà nke ndị egwú. Franz Welser-Möst abụrụla onye isi nduzi nke ndị egwu egwu kemgbe 2002. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta ahụ, ọ ga-anọ n'isi nke Cleveland Orchestra ruo 2018.

Ndị nduzi egwu:

Nikolai Sokolov (1918-1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972-1982) Christoph (1984-2002) Christoph (2002-XNUMX). Franz Welser-Möst (kamgbe XNUMX)